A2 Nouns & Articles 21 min read آسان

Both, Either, and Neither: قانون دو

سه تا ابزار جادویی داری: both برای «هر دو»، either برای «یکی از دو تا»، و neither برای «هیچ‌کدوم از دو تا». با اینا می‌تونی با اعتماد به نفس در مورد دو گزینه حرف بزنی.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use these words only when talking about exactly two things to show addition, choice, or total rejection.

  • Use `both` for two out of two (A + B). Example: 'I like both shirts.'
  • Use `either` for one out of two (A or B). Example: 'Either day is fine.'
  • Use `neither` for zero out of two (Not A and Not B). Example: 'Neither car works.'
2️⃣ + (Both/Either/Neither) = Perfect English

مرور کلی

تا حالا شده بخوای با یه دوستت تو نتفلیکس فیلم انتخاب کنی و یهو بفهمی چهل دقیقه است داری اسکرول می‌کنی و هنوز پلی رو نزدی؟ تو پیشنهاد فیلم ترسناک میدی، اون کمدی-عاشقانه میخواد. تو مستند پیشنهاد میدی، اون طنز (سیتکام) میخواد.
آخرش جفتتون می‌فهمید که neither (هیچکدوم از) گزینه‌ها برای both (هر دوی) شما مناسب نیست. این همون درگیری کلاسیک دوتاییه. تو انگلیسی، وقتی دقیقاً با دو تا چیز سر و کار داریم، یه جعبه‌ابزار مخصوص از کلمات داریم: both، either و neither.
استفاده درست از این کلمات باعث میشه دقیق و طبیعی به نظر برسی. اگه وقتی فقط دو تا دوست داری از all استفاده کنی، مردم می‌فهمن چی میگی، ولی یه کم به نظر میاد شمردن یادت رفته. این کلمات «سه تفنگدار» (یا سه یار پویا) جفت‌ها هستن.
اونا بهت کمک می‌کنن چیزها رو دسته‌بندی کنی، حق انتخاب بدی یا کلاً گزینه‌ها رو رد کنی. بهشون به چشم عملگرهای منطقی مکالمات روزمره‌ت نگاه کن. چه داری بین دو تا پیشنهاد شغلی تو لینکدین تصمیم می‌گیری یا بین دو جفت کتونی تو سبد خرید آنلاین، این سه تا کلمه بهترین رفیقاتن.
اونا ساده، ضرب‌دار (تأثیرگذار) و تو تکست دادن، گیمینگ و چت‌های خودمونی فوق‌العاده رایجن.

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

در اصل، این گرامر درباره عدد دو هست. اگه سه تا چیز یا بیشتر داری، باید بری سراغ all، any یا none. اما برای دو تا؟ Both، either و neither پادشاهی می‌کنن.
  • Both علامت «به‌علاوه» (+) هست. یعنی A و B با هم. یه کلمه مثبته که برای ۱۰۰٪ اون جفت استفاده میشه.
  • Either علامت «یا» (/) هست. یعنی A یا B. مربوط به انتخابه یا گفتن اینکه مهم نیست کدوم رو برداری چون جفتش قبوله.
  • Neither علامت «منها» (-) هست. یعنی نه A و نه B. یه کلمه منفیه که هر دو گزینه رو رد می‌کنه.
یه چیز باحال که باید یادت بمونه اینه که این کلمات می‌تونن به روش‌های مختلفی کار کنن. می‌تونن حرف تعریف باشن (قبل از اسم میان، مثل both books)، ضمیر باشن (تنها میان، مثل I like both)، یا حتی بخشی از یه جفت ربط‌دهنده باشن (مثل neither... nor).
مثل یه چاقوی سوئیسی برای جملاتت می‌مونه. اونا رو تو پلی‌لیست‌های اسپاتیفای می‌بینی (
Both of these songs are fire
) و تو سفرهای اوبر (
Either car is fine, I just need to get home
). اگه دیدی داری گیج میشی، فقط دو تا جعبه رو تصور کن.
Both یعنی دو تا تیک، either یعنی یه تیک تو یکی از جعبه‌ها، و neither یعنی دو تا ضربدر قرمز گنده. ساده‌ست، نه؟

الگوی ساخت

1
استفاده از این کلمات از یه منطق خیلی قابل پیش‌بینی پیروی می‌کنه. اینجوری جملاتت رو می‌سازی:
2
برای Both: مستقیماً قبل از یه اسم جمع استفاده‌ش کن (both friends) یا با of قبل از یه ضمیر/حرف تعریف (both of them, both of the apps). همچنین می‌تونی از both... and استفاده کنی تا دو تا چیز خاص رو به هم وصل کنی:
I like both pizza and tacos.
3
برای Either: قبل از یه اسم مفرد استفاده‌ش کن (either day is fine) یا با of قبل از یه ضمیر/اسم جمع (either of these movies). جفت ربط‌دهنده‌ش either... or هست:
We can either go out or stay in.
4
برای Neither: مثل either، قبل از یه اسم مفرد استفاده‌ش کن (neither phone works) یا با of قبل از یه ضمیر/اسم جمع (neither of my parents). جفت ربط‌دهنده‌ش neither... nor هست:
Neither the red nor the blue one fits me.
5
تطابق فعل (Verb Agreement): اینجاست که قضیه جذاب (تند و تیز) میشه. Both همیشه فعل جمع می‌گیره (Both are good). Either و neither، وقتی بعدشون اسم مفرد میاد، فعل مفرد می‌گیرن (Neither phone is charged). با این حال، وقتی از neither of... استفاده می‌کنی، خیلی از انگلیسی‌زبان‌ها تو صحبت‌های محاوره از فعل جمع استفاده می‌کنن (
Neither of them are coming
)، هرچند معلم گرامر سخت‌گیرت ممکنه روی مفرد بودن is اصرار داشته باشه.
6
ترتیب کلمات (Word Order): معمولاً این کلمات قبل از اسمی میان که توصیفش می‌کنن. اگه فاعل باشن، جمله رو شروع می‌کنن. اگه مفعول باشن، بعد از فعل میان (I want both).

کی استفاده کنیم

می‌بینی که تقریباً تو هر سناریوی تصمیم‌گیری داری سراغ این کلمات میری. تصور کن تو یه کافه‌ای. باریستا می‌پرسه شیر جو دوسر می‌خوای یا شیر بادوم.
اگه برات فرقی نداره می‌تونی بگی
Either is fine
. یا اگه حس ماجراجویی (و گشنگی) داری، "I'll take both!« (جفتشو می‌خوام!). اگه بفهمی کیف پولت رو جا گذاشتی، ممکنه با ناراحتی بگی »Neither of those works for me today."
تو دنیای دیجیتال، این کلمات همه‌جا هستن.
  • Social Media:
    I love both of your new posts!
  • Work/Study:
    Neither of these dates for the Zoom meeting works for me.
  • Shopping:
    Should I buy the black or the white shirt?
    Either looks great on you.
  • Gaming:
    Both teams are playing really well tonight.
استفاده درست از این کلمات کمکت می‌کنه از جملات طولانی و بدقلق دوری کنی. جای اینکه بگی "I don't like the first one and I don't like the second one,« (اولی رو دوست ندارم و دومی رو هم دوست ندارم)، فقط میگی »I like neither." این ترفند نهایی زندگی برای روان‌تر به نظر رسیدن و کمتر شبیه ربات بودنه. تازه، تو توییتر/ایکس هم در مصرف کاراکتر صرفه‌جویی می‌کنه، که هممون می‌دونیم اولویت اصلی اینجاست.

اشتباهات رایج

با اینکه اینا کلمات سطح A2 هستن، ولی همیشه باعث لغزش آدما میشن.
  • The Double Negative: منفی مضاعف: این همون بزرگه است. Neither خودش منفیه. به یه not دیگه نیاز نداری. نگو "I don't like neither.« این در واقع یعنی حداقل یکیش رو دوست داری! بگو »I like neither« یا »I don't like either."
  • Mixing up Or/Nor: قاطی کردن Or/Nor: اتصال 'N' رو یادت باشه. Either با or میاد، و Neither با nor. به Neither و Nor مثل دوقلوهای بداخلاقی فکر کن که همیشه 'N' خودشون رو میارن مهمونی.
  • Plural vs Singular Nouns: اسم‌های جمع در مقابل مفرد: بعد از either و neither، اگه از of استفاده نمی‌کنی، از اسم مفرد استفاده کن. بگو
    Either way is fine,
    نه Either ways.
  • Using them for 3+ items: استفاده برای ۳ مورد یا بیشتر: اگه سه تا پیرهن داری، نگو
    both of them are dirty.
    بگو all of them. اگه از کلمات جفتی برای گروه‌ها استفاده کنی، مردم یه جوری نگات می‌کنن. مثل اینه که به یه سه‌پایه بگی «یه جفت پا». اصلاً جور در نمیاد.
  • Subject-Verb Agreement with 'Of': تطابق فاعل و فعل با 'Of': همونطور که گفته شد،
    Neither of my friends is coming
    قانون رسمیه.
    Neither of my friends are coming
    چیزیه که تو کافه و جمع‌های دوستانه می‌شنوی. خیلی سخت نگیر، ولی تفاوتش رو برای امتحاناتت بدون!

مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه

اینا در مقایسه با بقیه کلمات چطورن؟
  • Both vs All: Both برای ۲ تاست. All برای ۳ تا یا بیشتر. ریاضی ساده! اگه بگی Both my children, می‌فهمم دو تا بچه داری. اگه بگی All my children, یا پدر/مادر تعداد زیادی بچه‌ای یا داری در مورد یه سریال آبکی قدیمی حرف می‌زنی.
  • Either vs Any: Either انتخاب بین ۲ تاست. Any انتخاب از یه گروه بزرگتره.
    Take either cookie
    (دو تا کوکی هست).
    Take any cookie
    (ظرف پره).
  • Neither vs None: Neither یعنی «نه A و نه B». None برای یه گروه ۳ تایی یا بیشتره.
    Neither of my eyes
    (استاندارد).
    None of my eyes
    (مگر اینکه عنکبوت باشی، وگرنه این جمله عجیبیه).
  • Either vs Both: گاهی شبیه هم به نظر میان.
    You can sit on either side of the table
    یعنی یکیش رو انتخاب می‌کنی.
    You can sit on both sides of the table
    به نظر میاد داری سعی می‌کنی شعبده‌بازی کنی یا خیلی خیلی پهنی.
  • Neither vs Not... Either: اینا معنی‌شون یکیه. "I don't like it either« همون »Neither do I" هست. دومی فقط یه کم باکلاس‌تر به نظر میاد، انگار موقع پیام دادن یه عینک تک‌چشمی زدی.

سؤالات رایج

Q

Can I use both with a singular noun?

No, always use plural.

Both students,
never Both student.

Q

Is neither... nor too formal for texting?

A little bit. In texts, people often say "I don't like X or Y" instead. But neither... nor is great for emphasis!

Q

What if I have three things? Can I say either or or?

Nope! Switch to any of these or just list them:

We can do A, B, or C.

Q

Is it

Neither of them is
or
Neither of them are
?

Is is grammatically correct for tests. Are is very common in spoken English. Use is for your boss and are for your friends.

Q

Can either mean both?

Sometimes!

There are trees on either side of the road
usually means trees are on both sides. English is weird like that, sorry!

Q

Can I just say Neither as a full answer?

Absolutely. It’s a great way to be a little bit dramatic when someone gives you two bad choices.

2. Negative Equivalents

Structure Equivalent Negative Example
Neither...
Not... either
I like neither. / I don't like either.
Neither of...
Not... either of
Neither of them came. / They didn't either of them come (Rare).

Determiner and Pronoun Structures

Word Noun Type Verb Agreement Example
Both
Plural Noun
Plural
Both cars are fast.
Both of
the/my + Plural
Plural
Both of my cars are fast.
Either
Singular Noun
Singular
Either car is fine.
Either of
the/my + Plural
Singular (Formal)
Either of the cars is fine.
Neither
Singular Noun
Singular
Neither car is fast.
Neither of
the/my + Plural
Singular (Formal)
Neither of the cars is fast.

Meanings

These words are used to refer to two people or things. They help clarify if you mean the whole pair, one of the pair, or none of the pair.

1

Inclusion (Both)

Refers to two things together; the whole pair.

“Both restaurants are very expensive.”

“I have two brothers; both are older than me.”

2

Choice (Either)

Refers to one or the other of two things; it doesn't matter which.

“You can take either bus; they both go to the center.”

“Either candidate would be a good choice.”

3

Exclusion (Neither)

Refers to not one and not the other of two things.

“Neither key opened the door.”

“Neither of my parents speaks English.”

4

Correlative Pairs

Using 'both...and', 'either...or', and 'neither...nor' to connect two parts of a sentence.

“Both the cat and the dog are sleeping.”

“Either you stay or I leave.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Both, Either, and Neither: قانون دو
کلمه کاربرد معنی تطابق فعل حرف ربط
Both
تعیین‌کننده/ضمیر/حرف ربط
اولی و دومی
جمع (مثلاً `are`, `have`)
...and...
Either
تعیین‌کننده/ضمیر/حرف ربط
اولی یا دومی
مفرد (مثلاً `is`, `has`)
...or...
Neither
تعیین‌کننده/ضمیر/حرف ربط
نه اولی و نه دومی
مفرد (مثلاً `is`, `has`)
...nor...
Both of
ضمیر (با مفعول جمع)
دو تا از دو تا
جمع
ندارد
Either of
ضمیر (با مفعول جمع)
یکی از دو تا
مفرد
ندارد
Neither of
ضمیر (با مفعول جمع)
هیچ‌کدوم از دو تا
مفرد
ندارد

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Neither option is acceptable to me.

Neither option is acceptable to me. (Declining two suggestions)

خنثی
I don't like either of them.

I don't like either of them. (Declining two suggestions)

غیر رسمی
Neither for me, thanks.

Neither for me, thanks. (Declining two suggestions)

عامیانه
Nah, neither's any good.

Nah, neither's any good. (Declining two suggestions)

قانون دو: Both, Either, Neither

دو گزینه

Both

  • این و آن هر دو گزینه درست/انتخاب شده‌اند.
  • فعل جمع همیشه فعل جمع می‌گیرد (مثلاً 'are', 'have').
  • Both...and... زوج حرف ربط.

Either

  • این یا آن انتخاب بین دو گزینه، یا یکی از دو گزینه درست است.
  • فعل مفرد معمولاً فعل مفرد می‌گیرد (مثلاً 'is', 'has').
  • Either...or... زوج حرف ربط.

Neither

  • نه این و نه آن هیچ‌کدام از دو گزینه درست/انتخاب نشده‌اند.
  • فعل مفرد معمولاً فعل مفرد می‌گیرد (مثلاً 'is', 'has').
  • Neither...nor... زوج حرف ربط.

مقایسه 'Both', 'Either', 'Neither'

Both
معنی دو تا از دو تا
فعل جمع
مثال `Both` parents `work`.
حرف ربط `...and...`
Either
معنی یکی از دو تا
فعل مفرد
مثال `Either` option `is` fine.
حرف ربط `...or...`
Neither
معنی هیچ‌کدام از دو تا
فعل مفرد
مثال `Neither` of them `is` ready.
حرف ربط `...nor...`

انتخاب بین Both, Either, Neither

1

آیا داری در مورد دقیقاً دو چیز/آدم/گزینه صحبت می‌کنی؟

YES
به مرحله بعد برو.
NO
از 'all', 'any', 'none' (برای ۳+)، یا سایر تعیین‌کننده‌های کمیت استفاده کن.
2

منظورت "این و آن" (هر دو درست/انتخاب شده‌اند) است؟

YES
از `BOTH` استفاده کن (مثلاً: `Both` are good. `Both...and...`).
NO
به مرحله بعد برو.
3

منظورت "این یا آن" (یک انتخاب، یا یکی درست است) است؟

YES
از `EITHER` استفاده کن (مثلاً: `Either` is fine. `Either...or...`).
NO
به مرحله بعد برو.
4

منظورت "نه این و نه آن" (هیچ‌کدام از دو گزینه درست/انتخاب نشده‌اند) است؟

YES
از `NEITHER` استفاده کن (مثلاً: `Neither` is good. `Neither...nor...`).
NO
معنی خودت رو دوباره ارزیابی کن!

عبارات رایج با Both, Either, Neither

مثبت و دوگانه

  • Both of us
  • Both sides
  • Both...and...

انتخاب و جایگزین

  • Either way
  • Either of them
  • Either...or...

منفی و استثنا

  • Neither of us
  • Neither here nor there
  • Neither...nor...

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

I like both dogs.

I like both dogs.

2

Either is fine.

Either is fine.

3

Neither of them is here.

Neither of them is here.

4

Both my hands are cold.

Both my hands are cold.

1

Neither of the movies was interesting.

Neither of the movies was interesting.

2

You can have either tea or coffee.

You can have either tea or coffee.

3

Both of my parents are teachers.

Both of my parents are teachers.

4

I don't like either of these shirts.

I don't like either of these shirts.

1

Neither the manager nor the assistant was available.

Neither the manager nor the assistant was available.

2

Both the price and the quality are important.

Both the price and the quality are important.

3

Either you finish your homework or you can't go out.

Either you finish your homework or you can't go out.

4

I've lived in both London and New York.

I've lived in both London and New York.

1

Neither of the proposed solutions seems viable at this stage.

Neither of the proposed solutions seems viable at this stage.

2

The results were both surprising and disappointing.

The results were both surprising and disappointing.

3

Either the battery is dead or the motor is broken.

Either the battery is dead or the motor is broken.

4

I found neither of the books particularly helpful.

I found neither of the books particularly helpful.

1

Neither did she acknowledge her mistake, nor did she apologize.

Neither did she acknowledge her mistake, nor did she apologize.

2

The policy was both ambitious in scope and rigorous in execution.

The policy was both ambitious in scope and rigorous in execution.

3

It was a situation where either choice would lead to disaster.

It was a situation where either choice would lead to disaster.

4

Neither of the witnesses could provide a definitive identification.

Neither of the witnesses could provide a definitive identification.

1

The duality of the soul is a concept that is both ancient and enduring.

The duality of the soul is a concept that is both ancient and enduring.

2

Neither the inherent complexity of the task nor the looming deadline deterred him.

Neither the inherent complexity of the task nor the looming deadline deterred him.

3

One might argue that either interpretation is equally valid given the text's ambiguity.

One might argue that either interpretation is equally valid given the text's ambiguity.

4

The treaty was neither a total success nor an absolute failure, but a pragmatic compromise.

The treaty was neither a total success nor an absolute failure, but a pragmatic compromise.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Both, Either, and Neither: The Rule of Two در مقابل Neither vs. None

Learners use 'neither' for groups of three or more.

Both, Either, and Neither: The Rule of Two در مقابل Either vs. Any

Learners use 'either' when there are many options.

Both, Either, and Neither: The Rule of Two در مقابل Both vs. All

Learners use 'all' for pairs.

اشتباهات رایج

I have three brothers, both are tall.

I have three brothers, all are tall.

Both is only for 2 people.

I don't want neither.

I want neither / I don't want either.

Double negative: 'neither' is already negative.

Both of book are good.

Both books are good.

Both must be followed by a plural noun.

Either of the book is fine.

Either of the books is fine.

After 'of', you need a plural noun.

Neither of my parents are here.

Neither of my parents is here.

In formal English, 'neither' takes a singular verb.

Either you come or nor I go.

Either you come or I go.

Either pairs with 'or', not 'nor'.

I like both of them shirts.

I like both of those shirts.

Use 'those/these/the' after 'both of'.

Neither the teacher nor the students is happy.

Neither the teacher nor the students are happy.

The verb agrees with the closest subject (students).

Neither he spoke nor he moved.

Neither did he speak nor did he move.

Formal inversion is required when 'neither' starts a clause.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Both ___ and ___ are ___.

Neither of the ___ is ___.

You can either ___ or ___.

Neither ___ nor ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering Food very common

I'll have both the soup and the salad, please.

Job Interviews common

I am comfortable working both independently and in a team.

Texting Friends constant

Either time works for me! See ya.

Tech Support occasional

Neither the mouse nor the keyboard is responding.

Travel/Booking common

Neither of those flights has a window seat available.

Shopping very common

Both of these dresses are on sale.

💡

قانون "فقط دو تا" رو یادت باشه!

Both, either و neither فقط برای موقعیت‌هایی هستن که دقیقاً دو تا چیز، آدم یا گزینه داریم. اگه بیشتر از دو تا باشه، باید از all, any یا none استفاده کنی! مثلاً:
I need both apples and bananas.
(دو تا میوه) ولی اگه سه تا میوه باشه، میگی
I need all the fruits.
⚠️

حواست به حروف ربط باشه!

همیشه both...and، either...or و neither...nor هستن. قاطی کردنشون یه اشتباه رایجه! فکر کن اینا مثل زوج‌های جدانشدنی هستن. مثلاً:
You can either call me or text me.
🎯

یه میانبر برای تطابق فعل!

برای ساختارهای either...or و neither...nor، فعل همیشه با اسمی که *نزدیک‌تر* بهشه، تطابق پیدا می‌کنه. این ترفند تو رو از دردسر مفرد و جمع بودن نجات میده! مثلاً:
Neither my friends nor my brother is coming.
(برادر نزدیک‌تره و مفرده).
🌍

تلفظش زیاد مهم نیست!

زیاد نگران تلفظ either و neither نباش. هم «آیذِر/نایذِر» و هم «ایذِر/نیذِر» کاملاً قابل قبوله و تو کشورهای انگلیسی‌زبان متوجه منظورت میشن! مثلاً: "Either way, it's fine."
💡

منفی کردن با "Both"

اگه منظورت اینه که هیچ‌کدوم رو دوست نداری، نگو "I don't like both of them«. این جمله ممکنه گیج‌کننده باشه. بهتره بگی »I like neither of them« یا »I don't like either of them«. مثلاً: اگه دو تا فیلم دیدی و هیچ‌کدوم رو دوست نداشتی، بگو: »I liked neither movie."

Smart Tips

Always check if you can use 'either' instead of 'any' to sound more precise.

You can have any of these two drinks. You can have either of these two drinks.

Stick to the singular verb for 'neither of' and 'either of'.

Neither of the reports are ready. Neither of the reports is ready.

Use 'neither' for negative agreement and 'too' for affirmative agreement.

I don't like it too. I don't like it either. / Me neither.

Remember that 'both of' requires 'the', 'my', 'these', etc., but 'both' alone does not.

Both of books are good. Both books are good. / Both of the books are good.

تلفظ

/ˈiːðər/ (EE-ther) or /ˈaɪðər/ (EYE-ther)

The 'Either' Split

There are two correct ways to say 'either' and 'neither'. One starts with an 'EE' sound, the other with an 'EYE' sound.

Choice Intonation

Either tea ↗ or coffee ↘?

Rising intonation on the first option, falling on the second to show a complete list of choices.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

BEN: Both (Every one), Either (Either one), Neither (No one).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a fork in the road with two paths. Both = you take both (impossible but helpful!), Either = you pick one, Neither = you turn around and go home.

Rhyme

Both is two, Either is one, Neither is zero and then we are done!

Story

Two friends, Ben and Jerry, went to a shop. Both wanted ice cream. Either chocolate or vanilla was fine for Ben. But Jerry had no money, so neither flavor was possible for him.

شبکه واژگان

PairCoupleDualChoiceOptionAlternativeBinary

چالش

Look at two objects on your desk. Say one sentence using 'both', one using 'either', and one using 'neither' about them.

نکات فرهنگی

In the UK, 'EYE-ther' is slightly more common in formal settings, while 'EE-ther' is very common in the US, though both are used in both places.

Saying 'Either is fine' is a very common way to be polite in English-speaking cultures, as it shows you are flexible and easy to please.

In legal documents, 'neither...nor' is used strictly to ensure there is no ambiguity about exclusions.

From Old English 'ba' (both) and 'ægther' (either).

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Do you prefer tea or coffee?

Which of these two cities would you rather visit: Tokyo or Paris?

Have you ever had a situation where neither of your choices was good?

In your opinion, is it better to have both a high salary and no free time, or a low salary and lots of free time?

موضوعات نگارش

Write about two friends you have. Use 'both' to describe what they have in common and 'neither' to describe what they don't do.
Describe a difficult choice you had to make between two options. Use 'either...or'.
Compare two restaurants in your town. Use 'both...and' and 'neither...nor'.
Argue for or against the idea that 'either you are with us, or you are against us'.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

کلمه درست رو برای کامل کردن جمله انتخاب کن.

My parents are ___ very supportive of my career.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: both
Both استفاده میشه چون جمله نشون میده «پدر و مادر من» (دو نفر) *هر دو* حمایت‌کننده هستن.
اشتباه جمله رو پیدا کن و درستش کن. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Neither of the two books are interesting.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Neither of the two books is interesting.
Neither (به عنوان ضمیر) فعل مفرد می‌گیره. پس is درسته.
کدوم جمله "either...or" رو درست استفاده کرده؟ چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: You can either have coffee or tea.
Either به درستی با or جفت میشه تا دو انتخاب رو نشون بده.
جمله انگلیسی صحیح رو تایپ کن. ترجمه

Translate into English: 'No me gusta ni el café ni el té.'

Answer starts with: ["I...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["I like neither coffee nor tea.","I don't like coffee or tea."]
Neither...nor مستقیم‌ترین ترجمه برای ni...ni هست. می‌تونی از "I don't like...or..." هم برای معنی مشابه استفاده کنی.

Score: /4

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

I have two sisters. ___ of them are doctors.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both
We use 'both' for 2 people when the statement is affirmative.
Fill in the blank with 'either' or 'neither'.

I don't like ___ of these two paintings.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: either
Since the sentence already has 'don't' (negative), we must use 'either'.
Correct the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Neither of the cars are working.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Neither of the cars is working.
In formal English, 'neither of' takes a singular verb.
Match the start of the sentence with the correct ending. جفت کردن

1. Both... 2. Either... 3. Neither...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-and, 2-or, 3-nor
These are the standard correlative conjunction pairs.
Rewrite the sentence using 'Neither'. Sentence Transformation

Tom isn't here and Sarah isn't here.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Neither Tom nor Sarah is here.
'Neither...nor' combines two negative subjects into one affirmative-looking sentence.
Select the correct verb form. چند گزینه‌ای

Either the students or the teacher ___ responsible.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is
The verb agrees with the closest subject ('the teacher'), which is singular.
Complete the sentence.

You can have ___ the red one or the blue one, but not both.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: either
'Either...or' is used for a choice between two.
Which sentence is correct for 3 people? چند گزینه‌ای

I have three friends...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: None of them are here.
'Neither' and 'both' are only for 2 people.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

13 exercises
کلمه درست رو انتخاب کن. پر کردن جای خالی

You can take ___ the bus or the train to get there.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: either
اشتباه رو پیدا کن و درستش کن. Error Correction

She can speak neither English or Spanish.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She can speak neither English nor Spanish.
کدوم جمله از نظر گرامری درسته؟ چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both of them are coming to the party.
به انگلیسی ترجمه کن. ترجمه

Translate: 'Ambos coches son rojos.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["Both cars are red."]
این کلمات رو مرتب کن تا یه جمله درست بسازی. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Neither I nor he can swim
قسمت‌های جمله رو با هم جور کن. جفت کردن

Match the sentence parts:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
جای خالی رو با بهترین گزینه پر کن. پر کردن جای خالی

I have two sisters, and ___ of them live in London.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: both
اشتباه رو شناسایی کن و درستش کن. Error Correction

Either of the two solutions are viable.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Either of the two solutions is viable.
جمله صحیح رو انتخاب کن. چند گزینه‌ای

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Neither of the proposals was accepted.
به انگلیسی ترجمه کن. ترجمه

Translate: '¿Quieres té o café? Cualquiera de los dos está bien.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["Do you want tea or coffee? Either is fine.","Do you want tea or coffee? Either one is fine."]
کلمات رو به هم بریز تا یه جمله منسجم بسازی. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I like both apples and bananas
جای خالی رو با کلمه مناسب پر کن. پر کردن جای خالی

We visited two museums, and ___ of them had interesting exhibits.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: both
اشتباه رو تو جمله زیر درست کن. Error Correction

Neither my friends or my brother are coming to the concert.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Neither my friends nor my brother is coming to the concert.

Score: /13

سوالات متداول (8)

No, `both` is strictly for two things. For three or more, use `all`.

In formal writing, use `is` (singular). In casual conversation, `are` (plural) is very common and accepted.

Use `either` for a choice between 2 things. Use `any` for a choice between 3 or more things.

Yes! For example: `Neither of us wanted to go.` Just remember not to use a negative verb like `didn't` with it.

Both `EE-ther` and `EYE-ther` are correct. Pick one and be consistent, or use whichever sounds more natural in the moment!

It is a short way to agree with a negative statement. If someone says 'I don't like spinach,' you say `Me neither`.

Use `nor` only when you have already used `neither` earlier in the sentence (e.g., `Neither A nor B`).

No. You can say `both books` or `both of the books`. However, with pronouns, you MUST use 'of': `both of them`.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

ambos / tampoco / o...o

Spanish doesn't have a single word that functions exactly like the determiner 'neither' in 'Neither book is good'.

French moderate

les deux / l'un ou l'autre / ni...ni

French requires 'ne' with 'ni...ni', whereas English 'neither' is used with an affirmative verb.

German high

beide / entweder...oder / weder...noch

German 'beide' can sometimes be used where English would prefer 'the two'.

Japanese low

両方 (ryouhou) / どちらか (dochira ka)

Japanese grammar doesn't distinguish as strictly between 2 and 3+ in its basic quantifiers.

Arabic partial

كلاهما (kilahuma)

The dual form is built into the nouns and verbs themselves in Arabic.

Chinese low

两个都 (liǎng gè dōu)

Chinese lacks specific binary-only words like 'either' and 'neither'.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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