Some و Any: بیان مقادیر پایه
some برای چیزی که داری یا پیشنهاد میدی، any برای چیزی که نداری یا سوال میپرسی.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'some' for positive sentences and 'any' for negative sentences and most questions when the exact amount doesn't matter.
- Use 'some' in positive sentences: 'I have some milk.'
- Use 'any' in negative sentences: 'I don't have any milk.'
- Use 'any' in most questions: 'Do you have any milk?'
مرور کلی
I have one yogurt.چون این جمله شبیه مسئلههای ریاضیه. میخوای بگی «یه کم» غذا داری.
some و any زندگی اجتماعیت رو نجات میدن. این دو تا کلمه بهترین دوستات هستن وقتی میخوای دربارهی مقدار چیزها حرف بزنی ولی حوصله نداری تکتکِ لوبیاها رو بشماری.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
some و any مثل «ارواحِ مقدار» نگاه کن. اینها نشوندهندهی یه عدد هستن، اما دقیقاً نمیگن اون عدد چنده. آیا some یعنی دو تا؟some استفاده میکنی؛ یعنی برای جملاتِ مثبت (affirmative) که مطمئنی یه چیزی وجود داره. وقتی اوضاع یکم خالی به نظر میرسه، از any استفاده میکنی؛ یعنی برای جملات منفی که یه چیزی کمه یا نیست. any همچنین توی اکثر سؤالها وارد میدون میشه.Do you have any clues?بخش باحالش چیه؟ اینها هم با اسمهای جمع (
friends, cookies) و هم با اسمهای غیرقابلشمارش (time, coffee) کار میکنن.some برای داشتنِ چیزهاست و any برای نداشتن یا سؤال پرسیدن دربارهشونه. این یه سیستمِ دو-دویی (binary) برای نیازهای روزمرهی انگلیسیته.
الگوی ساخت
books) یا غیرقابلشمارش (juice)؟ (نکته: برای اسمهای مفردِ قابلشمارش مثل a banana از a/an استفاده میکنیم).
some (مثلاً I have some friends).
any (مثلاً I don't have any friends).
any (مثلاً Do you have any friends?).
some استفاده میکنیم. چرا؟ چون معمولاً انتظار داریم جواب «بله» بشنویم. اگه بپرسی Would you like some coffee?، در واقع نداری تحقیق میکنی که آیا قهوه اصلاً وجود خارجی داره یا نه؛ داری مهربونی میکنی. اگه اونجا از
any استفاده میکردی، انگار داری شک میکنی که اصلاً قهوهای وجود داره یا نه. پس وقتی میخوای مؤدب باشی و تنقلات تعارف کنی، از some استفاده کن.
کی استفاده کنیم
some و any استفاده خواهی کرد. جدی میگم، هر پنج دقیقه یک بار! اینها حس و حالهای (vibes) اصلیشون هستن:- حسِ «من آمادهام» (مثبت با
some): وقتی داری از میز کارت عکس میذاری از این استفاده کن.I have some pens and some notebooks.مرتب و با برنامه به نظر میرسه. - حسِ «کیفِ پولِ خالی» (منفی با
any): وقتی توی فروشگاهی و کارتت نمیکشه.I don't have any money on this card.غمانگیزه، ولی از نظر گرامری عالیه. - حسِ «شکارچیِ اطلاعات» (سؤالی با
any): وقتی توی یه شهر جدید گم شدی.Is there any WiFi here?یاAre there any buses?دنبال دیتا میگردی. - حسِ «استراحت و فیلم» (پیشنهاد/درخواست با
some): وقتی میزبان هستی.Do you want some popcorn?یاCan I have some water?داری درخواست چیزی رو میدی که میدونی اونجا هست. - سناریوهای شبکههای اجتماعی:
- کپشن اینستاگرام:
Spent
sometime at the beach today. - کامنت تیکتاک:
Does
anybody else find this relatable? - واتساپ: "Hey, do you have
anynotes from today's lecture?" - خریدِ مدرن:
- پرداخت آنلاین:
Do you have
anypromo codes? - اپلیکیشن سوپرمارکت: "We don't have
anyavocados in stock."
اشتباهات رایج
- تلهی منفیِ دوگانه (Double Negative): از گفتنِ
I don't have no moneyخودداری کن. با اینکه توی بعضی آهنگها باحال به نظر میرسه، ولی توی انگلیسی استاندارد اصلاً پذیرفته نیست. بگو:I don't have any money. - استفاده از Any در جملات مثبت: نگو
I have any idea.حسِ بدی میده. بگوI have some ideas.کلمهیanyرو برای وقتی بذار که گیج شدی:I don't have any idea. - اشتباه در اسمهای مفردِ قابلشمارش: نگو
I want some apple.مگر اینکه دستگاهِ مخلوطکن باشی! احتمالاً منظورتan appleیاsome applesهست.someنیاز به یه دوستِ «جمع» یا «غیرقابلشمارش» داره. - پیشنهادِ نامؤدبانه: پرسیدنِ
Do you want any cake?یکم شبیه اینه که داری میپرسی «آیا اصلاً چیزی به اسم کیک وجود داره؟». بهتره بگیDo you want some cake?اینطوری خیلی صمیمیتره. - استفاده از
anyدر جملات مثبت (دوباره!):I have any sugar.نه، نداری! توsomesugar داری. فقط اگه تمومش کردی ازanyاستفاده کن:I don't have any sugar.
مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
اینها چه فرقی با a/an یا many/much دارن؟ بیا به لیست نگاهی بندازیم:
Some/Any در مقابل A/An: کلمهی A/An برای دقیقاً «یک» چیزه. I have a phone. اما Some/Any برای بیشتر از یکی یا چیزیه که نمیتونی بشماری. I have some apps. I don't have any storage.Some/Any در مقابل Much/Many: کلمات Much و many دربارهی مقدارهای «زیاد» هستن. I have many followers. اما Some فقط دربارهی «یه مقداری» هست. یه جورایی حد وسطه. اگه ۵ تا فالوور داری، some بهتر از many هست. اگه ۵ میلیون داری، برو سراغ many.Some در مقابل Any (نبردِ سؤالی):Do you have any snacks? (واقعاً نمیدونم داری یا نه).Can I have some snacks? (تنقلات رو روی میزت میبینم و دلم میخواد!).Any به معنیِ «فرقی نمیکنه کدوم»: توی انگلیسی پیشرفته، any میتونه به معنیِ «برام مهم نیست کدوم یکی» باشه. مثل Pick any movie. این با قانونِ A1 که الان داریم یاد میگیریم فرق داره، ولی بد نیست گوشهی ذهنت داشته باشی برای وقتی که بعداً خواستی باکلاس حرف بزنی.سؤالات رایج
آیا میتونم از some برای آدمها استفاده کنم؟
بله! I saw some people at the park. فقط یعنی بیشتر از یک نفر.
درستش any water هست یا any waters؟
معمولاً any water. آب غیرقابلشمارشه. فقط وقتی میگی waters که داری دربارهی انواع مختلف آبهای معدنی بطریشده حرف میزنی که خیلی نادره.
چرا دوستم گفت "I don't have some of those"؟
این یکم پیشرفتهتره! داره میگه «بعضی» از اونها رو داره، ولی «همه» رو نداره. برای سطح A1، فعلاً همون قانون اصلی رو بچسب.
میتونم بگم
Have you some tea?؟
این مدل خیلی قدیمی و بریتانیاییه. به جاش از Do you have some tea? یا Would you like some tea? استفاده کن.
اگه مطمئن نبودم یه چیزی قابلشمارشه چی؟
اگه نمیتونی قبلش عدد بذاری (مثلاً نمیشه گفت «یک پول» یا «یک نصیحت»)، مثل یه اسم غیرقابلشمارش باهاش رفتار کن و از some یا any استفاده کن. این امنترین راهه!
آیا anybody همون any هست؟
تقریباً آره! Anybody برای آدمهاست و همون قوانین منفی/سؤالی رو دنبال میکنه. Is anybody home?
Usage with Noun Types
| Sentence Type | Plural Countable | Uncountable | Singular Countable |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative (+)
|
Some (Some apples)
|
Some (Some water)
|
A/An (An apple)
|
|
Negative (-)
|
Any (Any apples)
|
Any (Any water)
|
A/An (A book)
|
|
Question (?)
|
Any (Any apples?)
|
Any (Any water?)
|
A/An (A book?)
|
|
Offer/Request
|
Some (Some apples?)
|
Some (Some water?)
|
A/An (A coffee?)
|
Meanings
Words used to describe an indefinite or unknown quantity of something, usually with plural countable nouns or uncountable nouns.
Affirmative Quantity
Used to state that a quantity of something exists without being specific about the number or amount.
“There are some books on the table.”
“I bought some juice yesterday.”
Negative Quantity
Used to state that zero amount of something exists.
“I don't have any money.”
“There aren't any chairs in the room.”
General Inquiry
Used to ask if a quantity of something exists.
“Do you have any siblings?”
“Is there any sugar?”
Offers and Requests
Using 'some' in a question when you expect the answer to be 'yes' or when you are offering something.
“Would you like some coffee?”
“Can I have some water?”
Reference Table
| نوع جمله | کلمه مورد استفاده | مثال (قابل شمارش) | مثال (غیر قابل شمارش) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
مثبت (+)
|
some
|
I have some pens.
|
I have some water.
|
|
منفی (-)
|
any
|
I don't have any pens.
|
I don't have any water.
|
|
سؤالی (?)
|
any
|
Do you have any pens?
|
Is there any water?
|
|
پیشنهاد/درخواست (?)
|
some
|
Would you like some pens?
|
Can I have some water?
|
|
مفرد قابل شمارش
|
a / an
|
I have a pen.
|
قابل استفاده نیست (از some/any استفاده کن)
|
طیف رسمیت
Should you require any further information, please contact us. (Customer service)
Do you have any more questions? (Customer service)
Got any questions? (Customer service)
Any questions, fam? (Customer service)
کی از Some و Any استفاده کنیم؟
مثبت (+)
- some I have some money.
منفی (-)
- any I don't have any money.
سوال (?)
- any Do you have any money?
استفاده استاندارد در مقابل مودبانه
کدومو باید استفاده کنم؟
آیا جمله مثبته؟
آیا یه پیشنهاد یا درخواست مودبانه است؟
آیا منفیه یا سوالیه؟
قابل شمارش در مقابل غیرقابل شمارش
قابل شمارش (جمع)
- • some apples
- • any chairs
- • some friends
غیرقابل شمارش
- • some water
- • any rice
- • some music
مثالها بر اساس سطح
I have some milk in the fridge.
I have some milk in the fridge.
I don't have any money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any pens?
Do you have any pens?
There are some books on the desk.
There are some books on the desk.
Would you like some tea?
Would you like some tea?
Can I have some help with this bag?
Can I have some help with this bag?
She went out without any money.
She went out without any money.
There is hardly any bread left.
There is hardly any bread left.
You can call me any time you want.
You can call me any time you want.
If you find any mistakes, please tell me.
If you find any mistakes, please tell me.
Some people like tea, while others prefer coffee.
Some people like tea, while others prefer coffee.
I don't think there's any point in waiting.
I don't think there's any point in waiting.
Some idiot left the door open!
Some idiot left the door open!
Any student could solve this simple problem.
Any student could solve this simple problem.
I have some concerns about the new policy.
I have some concerns about the new policy.
Is there any chance of a discount?
Is there any chance of a discount?
There were some thirty guests at the wedding.
There were some thirty guests at the wedding.
I haven't seen any of his recent films.
I haven't seen any of his recent films.
Should you have any queries, do not hesitate to contact us.
Should you have any queries, do not hesitate to contact us.
It took some time for the truth to emerge.
It took some time for the truth to emerge.
The project was completed without any hitches whatsoever.
The project was completed without any hitches whatsoever.
Some might argue that the policy is too strict.
Some might argue that the policy is too strict.
I don't want just any car; I want a vintage Mustang.
I don't want just any car; I want a vintage Mustang.
He has some nerve talking to me like that!
He has some nerve talking to me like that!
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use 'some' with singular countable nouns.
Learners think 'any' is only for negatives.
Learners think questions always use 'any'.
اشتباهات رایج
I don't have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have some pen?
Do you have a pen?
I have any friends.
I have some friends.
There are some water.
There is some water.
Would you like any coffee?
Would you like some coffee?
I have hardly some time.
I have hardly any time.
If you have some questions, ask me.
If you have any questions, ask me.
There were any 50 people there.
There were some 50 people there.
الگوهای جملهسازی
I have some ___ in my ___.
I don't have any ___ today.
Would you like some ___?
Are there any ___ near here?
Real World Usage
Do you have any organic milk?
Hey, you got any plans tonight?
Do you have any questions for us?
Can I have some extra napkins, please?
Are you having any trouble with the connection?
Does anyone have any advice on fixing a leaky tap?
منفی مضاعف
انتظار تو مهمه
سفارش غذا
Smart Tips
Use 'some' to sound more polite and expectant of a 'yes'.
Treat the sentence as negative and use 'any'.
Use 'any' in a positive sentence to show there are no limits.
Use 'some' before a number to mean 'about'.
تلفظ
Weak form of 'some'
In affirmative sentences, 'some' is usually unstressed and pronounced as /səm/.
Stressed 'any'
In negative sentences, 'any' often carries more stress to emphasize the zero quantity.
Rising intonation in questions
Do you have any milk? ↗
Standard question asking for information.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
S.A.N. — Some (Affirmative), Any (Negative).
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a green 'plus' sign (+) made of 'Some' and a red 'minus' sign (-) made of 'Any'. For questions, imagine 'Any' wearing a detective's hat.
Rhyme
Some for yes, any for no. Any for questions, now you know!
Story
A chef is in a kitchen. He says 'I have some salt' (positive). He looks for pepper but says 'I don't have any pepper' (negative). He asks his assistant, 'Do we have any oil?' (question). The assistant offers, 'Would you like some butter instead?' (offer).
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look in your fridge right now. Say three things you have using 'some' and three things you don't have using 'any'.
نکات فرهنگی
In the UK, 'Have you got any...?' is much more common than 'Do you have any...?' in casual conversation.
Americans favor 'Do you have any...?' but will use 'some' frequently in fast-food requests.
Aussies often use 'any' in a very casual way to mean 'at all'.
Both words come from Old English. 'Some' comes from 'sum' (a certain one/quantity), and 'any' comes from 'aenig' (one-y, or pertaining to one).
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Do you have any hobbies?
Would you like some coffee or tea?
Are there any good movies in the cinema right now?
If you could have any superpower, what would it be?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
I don't have ___ money for the bus.
میخوای به دوستت یه کلوچه تعارف کنی. چی میگی؟
Find and fix the mistake:
I bought any apples at the supermarket.
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesI have ___ news for you.
We don't have ___ bread left.
Find and fix the mistake:
Do you have some brothers?
There are some chairs in the room.
A: Would you like ___ coffee? B: No thanks, I don't want ___.
Pick the correct affirmative sentence.
Do you have any money?
any / haven't / I / money / got
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesIs there ___ sugar in my coffee?
have / some / I / news / good
Eu não tenho nenhum tempo hoje.
Can I have ___ water, please?
Are there some chairs in the room?
اینا رو به هم وصل کن:
There are ___ people waiting outside.
I don't need ___ help.
Você tem algum plano para o fim de semana?
don't / I / any / want / juice
We found ___ cool apps for learning English.
Score: /11
سوالات متداول (8)
Yes, but only if you are offering something (`Would you like some?`) or requesting something (`Can I have some?`).
Yes, but it changes the meaning to 'it doesn't matter which'. For example, `You can take any bus`.
`A` is for one item (`a book`). `Some` is for multiple items (`some books`) or uncountable things (`some water`).
Use `any` before a noun (`any books`). Use `any of` before a determiner like 'the' or 'my' (`any of the books`).
This is a double negative used in some dialects, but it is grammatically incorrect in standard English. You should say `I don't have any`.
Usually no, unless you mean 'it doesn't matter which'. Standard negative is `I don't have any books` (plural).
No, it can be used with uncountable singular nouns like `some luggage` or `some advice`.
They follow the same rules as 'any'. Use them in questions and negatives. They are interchangeable.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
algunos / ningún
English does not allow double negatives with 'any'.
du / de la / des
French partitives don't change based on the question/negative logic the same way English does.
etwas / einige / kein
German uses a specific negative article 'kein' instead of 'not any'.
nanika / nanimo
Japanese often omits the quantifier entirely if the context is clear.
ba'd / ay
The word order and noun cases following these quantifiers are different in Arabic.
yīxiē / rènhé
Chinese nouns don't have plural forms, so the quantifier is the only way to show quantity.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
08:59 The Horror of the Slaver Ant
08:01 Chimichurri Potato Salad | Food Wishes
05:11 What’s the best position to sleep in? - Rachel Marie E. Salas
فرق some و any در زبان انگلیسی
Grammar with Shahrouz
Some و Any - استاد عطار زاده
AtarZadeh English
گرامر Some و Any در زبان انگلیسی | آموزش گرامر انگلیسی | Some, Any
Bahman Noroozi - English
Related Grammar Rules
قاعده 'دوست من' (مضافالیه دوگانه)
آیا تا به حال شنیدهاید کسی بگوید «He's a friend of my brother's» و با خودتان فکر کنید، «صبر کن، چرا یک 's' اضافه دارد؟»...
No و None: صحبت کردن درباره صفر
Overview یخچال را باز میکنی. گرسنه هستی. یک میانوعده میخواهی. داخل را نگاه میکنی. هیچ `no` غذایی وجود ندارد. شکمت قا...
All در مقابل The Whole: صحبت درباره مجموع
Overview تا حالا شده در حال گشتزنی در تیکتاک باشی و با خودت فکر کنی: «من `all the morning` رو پای این گذاشتم»، اما بعد...
صفتهای ملکی: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
### Overview در زبان انگلیسی، صفات ملکی (Possessive Adjectives) یکی از اولین و مهمترین مباحثی هستند که برای توصیف مالک...
اسمهای جمع انگلیسی: از یک به تعداد زیاد (-s, -es, -ies)
Overview تا حالا سعی کردی عکس کفشهای جدیدت رو تو اینستاگرام پست کنی ولی اشتباهی نوشتی `shoe`؟ یه کم احساس تنهایی میکنه...
