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C1 noun #1,500 सबसे आम 14 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

authority

शीर्ष 1,500

At the A1 level, learners are introduced to the most basic, concrete meanings of words. For 'authority', this concept is usually too abstract for absolute beginners to grasp fully, but they might encounter it in very simple contexts, often related to rules or people in charge. An A1 learner might understand that a police officer or a teacher is a person with 'authority'. They learn that this word means someone who can say 'yes' or 'no' to things. For example, in a classroom, the teacher has the authority to tell students to sit down or be quiet. In a city, the police have the authority to stop cars. The focus at this level is simply recognizing the word as being connected to power, rules, and important people. They do not need to understand the complex legal or academic nuances. The plural form, 'authorities', might be introduced simply as 'the police' or 'the government'. Sentences at this level are short and direct: 'The police are the authority here.' or 'The teacher has authority in the school.' The goal is basic recognition and association with figures of control in everyday life.

At the A2 level, learners begin to understand 'authority' in slightly broader contexts, moving beyond just recognizing figures of control to understanding the concept of permission and rules. They learn that having authority means having the official right to do something. For example, they might learn phrases like 'You don't have the authority to do that,' meaning 'You are not allowed to do that.' They start to see the word used in workplace contexts, such as a boss having authority over workers. The distinction between the singular concept of power and the plural 'authorities' (meaning the police or government officials) becomes clearer. An A2 learner can understand a news headline like 'The authorities are looking for the thief.' They also begin to understand simple collocations, such as 'to have authority' or 'to give authority'. The focus is on practical, everyday situations where rules, permission, and basic organizational structures are discussed. They can use the word to describe who is in charge of a simple situation or who makes the rules in a familiar environment like a school, an office, or a local community.

At the B1 level, the understanding of 'authority' expands significantly. Learners can now discuss the concept in more abstract terms, relating it to society, government, and organizations. They understand that authority is not just about physical power, but about legitimate, recognized power. They can use the word to discuss political systems, legal rights, and corporate structures. For instance, they can express ideas like 'The government has the authority to collect taxes.' At this level, the secondary meaning of 'authority'—as an expert on a subject—is introduced. A B1 learner can understand and use sentences like 'He is an authority on local history.' They become comfortable with common verb collocations such as 'to exercise authority', 'to challenge authority', and 'to respect authority'. They can write simple essays or participate in discussions about whether people should always obey authority or when it is right to question it. The vocabulary surrounding the word grows, and they begin to distinguish it from simpler words like 'power' or 'control', recognizing the formal and official tone that 'authority' carries in English.

At the B2 level, learners are expected to handle the word 'authority' with considerable nuance and accuracy across a wide range of contexts. They fully grasp the dual meanings: legitimate institutional power and recognized subject-matter expertise. They can comfortably use complex grammatical structures, such as 'the authority to do something' and 'authority over someone'. In academic and professional settings, they can discuss the delegation of authority, the limits of authority, and the abuse of authority. They are familiar with adjective collocations like 'legal authority', 'moral authority', and 'absolute authority'. A B2 learner can read and understand news articles, opinion pieces, and reports that discuss jurisdictional disputes, regulatory authorities, and expert opinions. They can write clear, detailed texts arguing for or against the actions of authorities in specific situations. They also understand idiomatic uses and the subtle differences between synonyms like 'power', 'jurisdiction', and 'command'. Their use of the word is natural and appropriate for both formal and semi-formal communication, demonstrating a solid intermediate-to-advanced command of English vocabulary.

At the C1 level, the mastery of 'authority' is characterized by precision, stylistic flexibility, and a deep understanding of cultural and academic connotations. Learners at this level use the word effortlessly in complex, abstract discussions regarding sociology, law, politics, and academia. They understand the philosophical underpinnings of authority, such as the difference between traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal authority. They can seamlessly integrate the word into sophisticated arguments, using phrases like 'to assert one's authority', 'to undermine authority', or 'to cite an established authority'. In academic writing, they use the term to evaluate the credibility of sources and construct rigorous literature reviews. They are highly sensitive to register, knowing exactly when to use 'authority' instead of a near-synonym to achieve a specific rhetorical effect. They can comprehend dense, specialized texts—such as legal contracts or academic papers—where the precise scope and nature of authority are critical. Errors in preposition usage (e.g., using 'in' instead of 'on' for expertise) are virtually eliminated. The word is a fully integrated, active part of their advanced vocabulary repertoire.

At the C2 level, the learner's understanding and use of 'authority' are indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. They can manipulate the word and its derivatives to express the most subtle shades of meaning, irony, or academic critique. They are comfortable with archaic or highly specialized uses of the word found in historical texts, constitutional law, or classical literature. They can engage in profound debates about the nature of sovereignty, the legitimacy of state authority versus individual autonomy, and the epistemological authority of different paradigms of knowledge. Their writing exhibits complete mastery of all collocations, idioms, and syntactic structures associated with the word. They can effortlessly deconstruct texts that challenge or establish authority, analyzing the linguistic strategies used by the author. At this level, 'authority' is not just a vocabulary item; it is a conceptual tool used to analyze and articulate complex power dynamics, institutional structures, and intellectual hierarchies with absolute fluency, precision, and rhetorical elegance.

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

authority 30 सेकंड में

Legitimate power to command.
Right to make decisions.
An expert on a subject.
Government or police (plural).

The concept of authority is fundamental to understanding how societies, organizations, and academic disciplines function. At its core, authority refers to the legitimate power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience within a specific jurisdiction or domain. It is the foundation upon which laws are built, rules are enforced, and order is maintained in any structured environment. When we speak of authority, we are often discussing a formalized system of power that is recognized and accepted by those subject to it. This acceptance is what distinguishes authority from mere coercion or force; authority is legitimate power. In academic and professional contexts, the term takes on an additional, equally important meaning. It denotes an individual, organization, or text that is recognized as having extensive, reliable knowledge or expertise in a particular subject. When someone is described as an authority on a topic, it means their opinions, research, and statements carry significant weight and are trusted by others in the field. Understanding both dimensions of this word—the power to command and the power of expertise—is crucial for mastering its use in advanced English.

Legitimate Power: The legally or socially recognized right to exercise control, make binding decisions, and direct the actions of others within a defined scope.

The city council has the authority to approve or reject the new zoning laws proposed by the developers.

Furthermore, authority is not a static concept; it is dynamic and contextual. A person may have absolute authority in one setting, such as a judge in a courtroom, but possess no special authority in another, such as a scientific laboratory. This contextual nature requires speakers and writers to carefully specify the domain of authority when using the word. In historical and sociological discussions, the evolution of authority—from traditional and charismatic forms to rational-legal systems—is a major topic of analysis. Max Weber, a foundational sociologist, famously categorized authority into these three types, illustrating how the justification for power changes as societies modernize. In everyday discourse, we frequently encounter the plural form, 'the authorities,' which typically refers to the police, government officials, or other regulatory bodies responsible for maintaining public order and safety. This plural usage is ubiquitous in news reporting and legal contexts.

Recognized Expertise: A high level of knowledge or skill in a particular area that makes a person or organization a trusted source of information and guidance.

Dr. Aris is widely regarded as the world's leading authority on ancient Mesopotamian economic systems.

The concept also extends to documents and texts. A textbook, a legal precedent, or a religious scripture can be considered an authority if it is treated as a definitive and reliable source of truth or rules. In legal writing, lawyers cite 'authorities'—previous court decisions and statutes—to support their arguments. This demonstrates how authority is intrinsically linked to credibility and justification. Without recognized authority, systems of governance, education, and law would struggle to function cohesively. The word implies a hierarchy, a structure where some entities have the right to guide or dictate to others, based either on institutional position or superior knowledge. Recognizing these nuances allows for precise and sophisticated communication, particularly in academic essays, professional reports, and formal debates.

Institutional Power: The power vested in a specific organization or body to regulate, manage, or oversee a particular sector or activity.

The transit authority announced a significant increase in subway fares starting next month.

You do not have the authority to access these confidential medical records without explicit patient consent.

Local authorities have issued a severe weather warning and advised residents to stay indoors.

Using the word 'authority' correctly requires an understanding of its collocations and the specific prepositions that follow it depending on the intended meaning. When expressing the idea of having the power to do something, the most common structure is 'have the authority to do [something]'. This is an infinitive phrase construction that clearly links the power to the specific action. For example, a manager might 'have the authority to hire and fire employees'. Another crucial construction involves the preposition 'over'. When you want to specify who or what is being controlled, you use 'authority over [someone/something]'. A teacher has authority over their classroom; a regulatory body has authority over an industry. These structural patterns are essential for maintaining a natural and professional tone in English writing and speaking. Deviating from these established patterns can result in awkward or confusing sentences that undermine the speaker's own linguistic authority.

Authority + To-Infinitive: Used to express the specific action that someone is empowered or permitted to take.

The committee was granted the authority to investigate the allegations of financial misconduct.

When shifting the meaning from 'power' to 'expertise', the preposition changes. As noted previously, we say someone is an 'authority on' a subject. This is a very strong collocation and substituting 'on' with 'in' or 'about' is a common error among learners. For instance, 'She is an authority on climate change' is correct, whereas 'She is an authority about climate change' sounds unnatural. Additionally, authority is often modified by adjectives that describe its source, scope, or legitimacy. We speak of 'moral authority', 'legal authority', 'absolute authority', and 'ultimate authority'. These adjectives add necessary nuance. Moral authority, for example, relies on a person's perceived righteousness and ethical standing, rather than legal statutes. A religious leader may wield significant moral authority without possessing any formal legal authority. Understanding these adjective-noun pairings is a hallmark of C1-level proficiency.

Authority + Over: Used to indicate the domain, territory, or group of people that are subject to control.

The federal government exercises exclusive authority over interstate commerce and trade.

Verbs that collocate with authority are also vital. You can 'exercise authority', 'assert authority', 'challenge authority', 'delegate authority', or 'undermine authority'. Delegating authority is a common concept in business and management, referring to the transfer of decision-making power from a superior to a subordinate. Challenging or questioning authority is a frequent theme in political discourse and social movements. When writing academic papers, you might need to 'cite an authority' to back up your claims. These verb-noun collocations provide the dynamic action needed to describe how power and expertise are used, contested, and shared in real-world situations. Mastering these combinations will significantly elevate your writing style, making it more precise and authoritative.

An Authority + On: Used to designate someone as a leading expert in a specific academic, scientific, or cultural field.

The professor is a recognized authority on the migratory patterns of monarch butterflies.

The manager decided to delegate authority to her team leaders to speed up the project.

After the incident, the school principal had to assert his authority to restore order in the hallways.

The word 'authority' permeates almost every formal domain of English communication. In legal and political contexts, it is omnipresent. You will hear it in courtrooms when judges discuss the 'legal authority' for a ruling, or in parliamentary debates when politicians argue over who has the 'authority' to enact a specific policy. News broadcasts frequently use the term, especially in its plural form, to report on law enforcement actions, such as 'The authorities are currently investigating the cause of the fire.' In these contexts, the word conveys a sense of officialdom, gravity, and systemic power. It is a cornerstone vocabulary item for anyone reading broadsheet newspapers, listening to political podcasts, or studying international relations, law, or public policy. The tone associated with the word in these settings is usually serious, objective, and formal.

Legal & Political Discourse: Frequent use in discussions regarding jurisdiction, constitutional rights, law enforcement, and governmental power.

The Supreme Court ruled that the executive branch overstepped its constitutional authority.

In academic and scientific environments, the word shifts slightly to emphasize expertise and credibility. When attending university lectures, reading peer-reviewed journals, or participating in academic conferences, you will frequently encounter phrases like 'a leading authority on the subject' or 'citing established authorities'. Here, the word is used to validate arguments and establish the reliability of information. A researcher might state that a particular study is the 'definitive authority' on a phenomenon. This usage highlights the academic reliance on recognized experts to build upon existing knowledge. If you are preparing for university studies in an English-speaking country, recognizing and correctly using 'authority' in this sense is absolutely vital for writing literature reviews, research proposals, and critical essays.

Academic & Scientific Contexts: Used to denote leading experts, definitive texts, and the credibility of sources cited in research.

The journal article relies heavily on the works of Chomsky, a recognized authority in linguistics.

The corporate and business world also relies heavily on the concept of authority. Organizational charts are essentially maps of authority. In business meetings, performance reviews, and corporate communications, terms like 'delegation of authority', 'managerial authority', and 'authority limits' are standard vocabulary. A project manager might complain that they have responsibility for a project but lack the necessary authority to allocate budget resources. This highlights the practical, everyday application of the word in professional settings. Understanding how to navigate and articulate issues of authority is a key soft skill in management and leadership. Whether you are reading a corporate policy manual or negotiating a contract, the precise boundaries of authority will be a central concern.

Business & Corporate Environments: Central to discussions about management structures, decision-making power, and organizational hierarchies.

The CEO restructured the company to decentralize decision-making authority across regional offices.

As a junior analyst, she did not have the authority to sign off on expenses exceeding $500.

The customs authority seized the undeclared goods at the border checkpoint.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with the word 'authority' involves incorrect preposition usage, particularly when referring to expertise. As emphasized earlier, the correct phrase is 'an authority ON a subject'. Many learners, directly translating from their native languages, will say 'an authority in' or 'an authority about'. While native speakers might understand the intended meaning, these errors immediately mark the speaker as non-native and detract from the professional or academic tone expected at the C1 level. For example, writing 'He is an authority in quantum physics' is less idiomatic than 'He is an authority on quantum physics'. This distinction is subtle but critical for achieving native-like fluency and precision in formal writing.

Preposition Errors (Expertise): Using 'in' or 'about' instead of the correct preposition 'on' when describing someone's area of expertise.

Incorrect: She is an authority in European history.
Correct: She is an authority on European history.

Another common area of confusion lies in the distinction between the singular 'authority' and the plural 'authorities'. The singular form usually refers to the abstract concept of power, the right to do something, or a single expert. The plural form, 'authorities', almost exclusively refers to the people or organizations in charge, typically the police, government officials, or regulatory bodies. A learner might incorrectly say, 'I need to report this crime to the authority,' when they should say, 'I need to report this crime to the authorities.' Mixing up these forms can lead to significant confusion, as the listener might think you are referring to an abstract concept rather than a concrete group of officials. Mastering this singular/plural distinction is essential for clear communication in emergency, legal, or administrative contexts.

Singular vs. Plural Confusion: Failing to use the plural 'authorities' when referring to government or law enforcement agencies.

Incorrect: The local authority are investigating the robbery.
Correct: The local authorities are investigating the robbery.

Finally, learners sometimes confuse 'authority' with related but distinct concepts like 'power', 'control', or 'influence'. While these words are synonyms in broad contexts, they have different nuances. 'Power' is the raw ability to act or compel, which may or may not be legitimate. 'Authority' specifically implies that the power is legitimate, recognized, and rightful. A dictator might have absolute power through military force, but lack moral or legal authority. 'Influence' refers to the ability to affect someone's decisions without necessarily having the formal right to command them. Using 'authority' when you mean 'influence' can misrepresent the nature of a relationship. For instance, a celebrity has influence over consumer trends, but they do not have authority over them. Precision in vocabulary choice is a hallmark of advanced language proficiency.

Nuance Errors (Power vs. Authority): Using authority interchangeably with power or influence, ignoring the implication of legitimacy and formal recognition.

Incorrect nuance: The advertising campaign had a lot of authority over teenagers' buying habits. (Better: influence)

Incorrect: He has the authority of lifting 100 kilograms. (Better: power/ability)

Incorrect: The manager has authority to the team.
Correct: The manager has authority over the team.

Expanding your vocabulary around the concept of 'authority' involves understanding its synonyms and related terms, and more importantly, the subtle differences between them. While words like 'power', 'control', 'jurisdiction', and 'command' share semantic space with authority, they are not always interchangeable. Choosing the precise word demonstrates a sophisticated grasp of English. For instance, 'power' is a broader term encompassing physical strength, energy, or the raw ability to act, regardless of legitimacy. 'Authority', as we have seen, is specifically legitimate or recognized power. 'Control' focuses on the practical ability to manage or direct a situation or machine, often implying a hands-on, operational dominance. 'Jurisdiction' is a highly specific legal term referring to the geographical area or subject matter over which a court or government body has the legal authority to act. Understanding these distinctions allows for more accurate and impactful writing.

Power vs. Authority: Power is the raw ability to do something or compel others, while authority is the recognized, legitimate right to do so.

The military junta seized power by force, but they lacked the moral authority to govern the nation.

Another set of related words revolves around the concept of expertise. When 'authority' means an expert, synonyms include 'expert', 'specialist', 'connoisseur', and 'pundit'. An 'expert' is a general term for someone with high-level knowledge or skill. A 'specialist' implies a narrow, highly focused area of expertise, often within a broader profession like medicine. A 'connoisseur' is an expert in matters of taste, such as art, wine, or food. A 'pundit' is an expert who frequently offers opinions to the public through the media, often on politics or sports. While you might call a renowned scientist an 'authority' or an 'expert', you would rarely call them a 'pundit' unless they were a regular commentator on television. Selecting the right synonym in this context depends heavily on the specific field of knowledge and the person's public role.

Expert vs. Authority: An expert has deep knowledge; an authority is an expert whose opinions are considered definitive and highly respected by others in the field.

While many doctors are experts in cardiology, Dr. Smith is considered the ultimate authority on this rare heart condition.

Finally, consider words related to command and governance, such as 'supremacy', 'sovereignty', and 'dominion'. These are elevated, formal terms often found in historical, political, or legal texts. 'Sovereignty' refers to supreme, independent authority over a geographic area, usually a nation-state. 'Supremacy' denotes the state of being the highest in rank or authority, such as the 'supremacy of the constitution'. 'Dominion' is an older term implying absolute control or ownership. These words are much stronger and more specific than the general term 'authority'. When analyzing political structures or historical events, using these precise terms demonstrates a C1/C2 level of vocabulary mastery. Recognizing the subtle gradations of meaning among these synonyms allows you to tailor your language precisely to the context, enhancing both clarity and stylistic elegance.

Jurisdiction vs. Authority: Jurisdiction is the specific legal boundary (territorial or subject-based) within which authority can be exercised.

The local police have the authority to make arrests, but only within their city's jurisdiction.

The treaty established the nation's absolute sovereignty and authority over its coastal waters.

The board of directors holds the ultimate authority over corporate strategy and major financial decisions.

How Formal Is It?

औपचारिक

तटस्थ

अनौपचारिक

कठिनाई स्तर

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

The police are the authority here.

police, power, control

Used as a simple noun to mean the people in charge.

The teacher has authority in the classroom.

teacher, rules, classroom

Used with 'has' to show possession of power.

You must listen to the authority.

listen, rules, boss

Used with the definite article 'the'.

My boss is an authority at work.

boss, work, leader

Used to describe a person's role.

The city authority fixed the road.

city, fix, road

Used as an adjective modifying 'city'.

He has no authority here.

no power, not boss

Used with 'no' to indicate a lack of power.

We need authority to enter.

permission, enter, door

Used as an uncountable noun meaning permission.

She is a person of authority.

important person, boss

Used in the phrase 'person of authority'.

The manager has the authority to hire new staff.

manager, power, hire

Authority + to + infinitive verb.

You do not have the authority to change the rules.

no power, change, rules

Negative statement with authority + to + infinitive.

The local authorities closed the park today.

government, close, park

Plural 'authorities' meaning government officials.

She speaks with a lot of authority.

speak, confidence, power

Used with the preposition 'with'.

He is an authority on dogs.

expert, dogs, know

Authority + on + subject (meaning expert).

We must respect the authority of the police.

respect, police, power

Authority + of + noun.

Who gave you the authority to do this?

who, give, power

Question form asking about the source of power.

The school authority sent a letter to parents.

school, letter, parents

Used as a compound noun 'school authority'.

The government has the legal authority to collect taxes from citizens.

government, legal power, taxes

Adjective 'legal' modifying authority.

Many teenagers like to challenge the authority of their parents and teachers.

teenagers, question, parents

Verb collocation 'challenge authority'.

The professor is a recognized authority on ancient Roman history.

professor, expert, history

Adjective 'recognized' + authority + on.

The health authorities advised everyone to stay home during the flu outbreak.

health officials, advise, stay home

Plural 'authorities' specific to a sector (health).

The captain exercises authority over all the sailors on the ship.

captain, control, sailors

Verb 'exercises' + authority + over.

She lost her moral authority when she was caught lying to the public.

lose, moral power, lie

Adjective 'moral' modifying authority.

The new law gives the police more authority to search vehicles.

law, give power, search

Give + someone + authority + to + infinitive.

He acted on the authority of the company president.

act, permission, president

Phrase 'on the authority of'.

The board of directors decided to delegate more authority to the regional managers.

board, give power, managers

Verb collocation 'delegate authority'.

The author is widely regarded as the foremost authority on climate change policy.

author, top expert, climate

Adjective 'foremost' + authority + on.

The transit authority announced a comprehensive plan to upgrade the subway system.

transit organization, plan, subway

Used as part of an institutional name.

The court ruled that the agency had exceeded its statutory authority.

court, go beyond, legal power

Verb 'exceeded' + adjective 'statutory' + authority.

Rebel groups have been trying to undermine the authority of the central government.

rebels, weaken, government

Verb collocation 'undermine authority'.

Only the CEO has the ultimate authority to approve a merger of this size.

CEO, final power, approve

Adjective 'ultimate' modifying authority.

The documentary relies on interviews with leading medical authorities.

documentary, interviews, medical experts

Plural 'authorities' meaning multiple experts.

He spoke with such authority that no one dared to contradict him.

speak, confidence, contradict

Phrase 'with such authority that'.

The jurisdictional dispute centered on which regulatory body held the definitive authority over offshore drilling.

dispute, final power, drilling

Adjective 'definitive' + authority + over.

Her groundbreaking research established her as an unimpeachable authority in the field of quantum cryptography.

research, unquestionable expert, cryptography

Adjective 'unimpeachable' + authority + in (field).

The philosopher argued that rational-legal authority is the cornerstone of modern democratic institutions.

philosopher, logical power, democracy

Sociological term 'rational-legal authority'.

The defense attorney cited several historical authorities to bolster her argument regarding constitutional intent.

attorney, historical texts, argument

Plural 'authorities' meaning historical texts or precedents.

The gradual erosion of traditional authority structures has led to increased social fragmentation.

erosion, old power structures, fragmentation

Compound noun phrase 'authority structures'.

He was accused of abusing his authority by awarding lucrative contracts to his political allies.

accused, misuse power, contracts

Verb collocation 'abusing one's authority'.

The treaty explicitly delineates the scope of the international tribunal's authority.

treaty, define limits, tribunal

Phrase 'scope of authority'.

Despite lacking formal authority, she wielded immense influence behind the scenes.

lack official power, influence, behind scenes

Contrast between 'formal authority' and 'influence'.

The treatise systematically deconstructs the epistemological authority historically granted to empirical observation.

treatise, knowledge power, observation

Academic phrase 'epistemological authority'.

The sovereign's authority, once considered absolute and divinely ordained, was increasingly circumscribed by parliamentary statute.

king's power, limited, parliament

Historical/political context with complex passive structure.

In his seminal work, he arrogated to himself the authority to redefine the very parameters of the discipline.

book, claim power, redefine

Verb 'arrogated' + authority + to + infinitive.

The committee's mandate was deliberately nebulous, leaving the precise contours of its authority open to contentious interpretation.

mandate, unclear limits, interpretation

Phrase 'contours of its authority'.

She navigates the labyrinthine bureaucracy with the quiet authority of someone who implicitly understands its hidden levers of power.

navigate, quiet confidence, bureaucracy

Metaphorical use 'quiet authority'.

The appellate court's decision serves as binding authority on all lower tribunals within the circuit.

court decision, mandatory rule, lower courts

Legal term 'binding authority'.

The sudden power vacuum precipitated a crisis of authority, as rival factions vied for hegemony.

power vacuum, crisis, factions

Phrase 'crisis of authority'.

His pronouncements on the matter carry the ex cathedra authority of a recognized master.

statements, absolute power, master

Latin phrase 'ex cathedra' modifying authority.

समानार्थी शब्द

power jurisdiction command expert specialist influence

विलोम शब्द

powerlessness subservience amateur

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

have the authority

exercise authority

abuse of authority

local authority

moral authority

legal authority

challenge authority

an authority on

delegate authority

ultimate authority

सामान्य वाक्यांश

in a position of authority

on good authority

the proper authorities

a leading authority

without authority

assert one's authority

undermine someone's authority

exceed one's authority

stamp one's authority on

a recognized authority

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

authority vs power

authority vs control

authority vs influence

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

authority vs

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

note

The phrase 'have it on good authority' is a common idiom meaning you heard information from a reliable source.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Saying 'an authority in' instead of 'an authority on' a subject.
Using the singular 'authority' when referring to the police (should be 'authorities').
Confusing 'authority' (noun) with 'authorize' (verb).
Using 'authority' to mean physical strength or raw power.
Pronouncing the stress on the first syllable instead of the second.

सुझाव

Preposition 'On'

Always use 'on' when talking about expertise: 'An authority ON history'.

Plural for Police

Use 'the authorities' as a synonym for the police or government officials.

Delegate Power

Use the verb 'delegate' when talking about sharing authority in a business context.

Good Authority

Use 'I have it on good authority' to sound like a native speaker when sharing reliable gossip or news.

Legitimacy

Remember that authority implies *legitimate* power, unlike the raw word 'power'.

Academic Tone

In essays, use 'cite an authority' to refer to referencing an expert.

Stress the Second Syllable

Ensure the stress is on 'THOR': uh-THOR-uh-tee.

Authority To

Use the infinitive 'to' when describing the action: 'authority to sign'.

Authority Over

Use 'over' when describing the people being controlled: 'authority over the team'.

Authoritative vs Authoritarian

Use authoritative for trusted sources, authoritarian for strict dictators.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

AUTHORity: An AUTHOR writes the rules, so they have the power.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

Middle English, from Old French 'auctorite', from Latin 'auctoritas' (invention, advice, opinion, influence, command), from 'auctor' (master, leader, author).

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

In the UK, 'local authority' is a very common term for the local government council. In the US, terms like 'city council' or 'county government' are more common, though 'authority' is used for specific agencies (e.g., 'transit authority').

The transition from the 'divine right of kings' (absolute authority) to constitutional democracies (limited, legal authority) is a central narrative in Western history.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"Do you think people today respect authority more or less than in the past?"

"Who would you consider to be the ultimate authority on your favorite hobby?"

"When is it justified to challenge or disobey legal authority?"

"How does a leader build moral authority in a team?"

"Have you ever had to assert your authority in a difficult situation?"

डायरी विषय

Describe a time when you had to question the authority of a teacher, boss, or rule.

Write about someone you consider an authority in their field. What makes them credible?

How do you think the concept of authority changes as we grow from children to adults?

Analyze the difference between having power and having authority in a workplace.

Reflect on a situation where someone abused their authority. What were the consequences?

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

Power is the raw ability to make things happen or force people to do things, regardless of whether it is right or legal. Authority is legitimate power. It is the recognized right to make decisions and give orders, usually granted by a law, a constitution, or an organization.

When referring to someone's expertise, you must use 'authority on'. For example, 'She is an authority on marine biology.' Using 'in' is a very common mistake for non-native speakers.

Use 'authorities' when you are referring to the people or organizations in charge of a specific area, most commonly the police or government officials. For example, 'If you see a crime, you should call the authorities.'

Yes. When 'authority' refers to the abstract concept of power or permission, it is uncountable. For example, 'He has no authority here.' When it refers to an expert or a specific agency, it is countable (e.g., 'He is an authority', 'The transit authorities').

Moral authority is the power to influence others based on one's perceived goodness, ethical behavior, and principles, rather than on legal rules or physical force. A respected community leader might have great moral authority even if they hold no official political office.

In the UK and some other English-speaking countries, a 'local authority' is the official organization that is responsible for the public services and facilities in a particular area, similar to a city council or county government.

To delegate authority means to give a part of your power or decision-making responsibility to someone else, usually a subordinate. Managers often delegate authority to team leaders to make projects run more efficiently.

It is pronounced /əˈθɒr.ə.ti/ (uh-THOR-uh-tee). The stress is on the second syllable. Make sure to clearly pronounce the 'th' sound.

This is an idiom that means you have heard a piece of information from a very reliable source, so you believe it is true. For example, 'I have it on good authority that the boss is going to announce a bonus tomorrow.'

No. 'Authoritative' is positive; it means reliable, accurate, and commanding respect (e.g., 'an authoritative book'). 'Authoritarian' is negative; it describes a strict system or person that demands total obedience and allows no personal freedom (e.g., 'an authoritarian government').