यह, वह (This, That, These, Those): प्रदर्शनकारी शब्द
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'this' and 'these' for things close to you, and 'that' and 'those' for things further away.
- Use 'this' for one thing nearby: 'This apple is sweet.'
- Use 'that' for one thing far away: 'That car is fast.'
- Use 'these' (near) and 'those' (far) for more than one item: 'Those stars are bright.'
Overview
I want that one.We do this every single day. Pointing is the ultimate human hack for communication.
this, that, these, and those. They are your best friends when you're shopping online, texting friends about a weird TikTok, or introducing your roommate to your parents.The phone that is currently in my hand is ringing.instead of just
This phone is ringing. You'd sound like a robot from a 1970s sci-fi movie.this है। अगर उसे लेने के लिए तुम्हें कमरे के दूसरी तरफ जाना पड़े, तो वह शायद that है। ये गिनती का भी ध्यान रखते हैं। English एकवचन और बहुवचन को लेकर बहुत पक्की है। तुम एक पिज्जा और पाँच पिज्जा के लिए एक ही शब्द का इस्तेमाल नहीं कर सकते। यह एक सरल सिस्टम है, लेकिन असल दुनिया में समझे जाने की यह नींव है। चाहे तुम किसी जॉब इंटरव्यू में हो या बस Discord पर घूम रहे हो, ये चार शब्द ही सारा भारी काम करते हैं।How This Grammar Works
- Physical Distance: यह सबसे आम उपयोग है। अगर तुमने अपना Starbucks का कप पकड़ा हुआ है, तो वह
thiscoffee है। अगर तुम्हारा दोस्त मेज के उस पार अपना कप पकड़े हुए है, तो वहthatcoffee है। - Time Distance: हम इन्हें समय के लिए भी इस्तेमाल करते हैं! जो चीजें अभी हो रही हैं या बहुत जल्द होने वाली हैं, वे
thisका उपयोग करती हैं।
जो चीजें अतीत में हुईं, वेThisweek is crazy!thatका उपयोग करती हैं।Thatparty last Saturday was legendary. - Emotional Distance: कभी-कभी, हम किसी ऐसी चीज़ से खुद को दूर करने के लिए
thatका उपयोग करते हैं जो हमें पसंद नहीं है। "I don't likethatguy's vibe.« यह »thisguy," जो शायद तुम्हारे ठीक बगल में खड़ा हो, की तुलना में ज़्यादा दूर महसूस होता है।
that अदृश्य सैंडविच चाहिए था! ठीक है, मैं व्याकरण पर ही ध्यान देता हूँ।Formation Pattern
this का प्रयोग करें। (उदाहरण: this laptop on my desk)।
that का प्रयोग करें। (उदाहरण: that plane in the sky)।
these का प्रयोग करें। (उदाहरण: these notifications on my screen)।
those का प्रयोग करें। (उदाहरण: those mountains in the distance)।
this | that
these | those
When To Use It
- On the Phone: जब तुम किसी अनजान नंबर से कॉल उठाते हो, तो तुम कहते हो,
Hello,
यह पूछने के लिए कि कौन कॉल कर रहा है, तुम कहते हो,thisis [Your Name].Who is
that? - Social Media: अगर तुम किसी ग्रुप चैट में एक मीम साझा कर रहे हो, तो तुम टाइप कर सकते हो,
Thisis so me! - Online Shopping: Amazon देख रहे हो? तुम अपने रूममेट से कह सकते हो, "I really want
thoseheadphones, but they're so expensive." - Introducing People: जब तुम किसी पार्टी में हो, तो तुम अपने दोस्त की ओर इशारा करके कहते हो,
जब तुम उसे पहली बार किसी भौतिक स्थान पर मिलवाते हो तोThisis Sarah.She is Sarahनहीं कहते। - Ordering Food: किसी फ़ूड ट्रक पर हो? मेनू की ओर इशारा करो और कहो, "I'll have
thistaco andthatburrito, please."
octopus के लिए शब्द नहीं जानते, तो बस इशारा करो और कहो That, please. यह जान बचाता है (और भूख भी)।Common Mistakes
- 1Mixing Singular and Plural: यह #1 गलती है। लोग
की जगहtheseshoes
कह देते हैं। याद रखना:thisshoesthisअकेला है (singular)।theseको भीड़ पसंद है (plural)। - 2The
ItTrap:itका उपयोग करना जब तुम्हेंthisका उपयोग करना चाहिए। यदि तुम कोई अवधारणा पेश कर रहे हो या बातचीत शुरू कर रहे हो, तोthisसे शुरू करो।
कहनाThisis a great idea!It is a great idea!
से बेहतर है जब तुम इसे पहली बार प्रस्तुत कर रहे हो। - 3Pronunciation:
this(छोटी 'i' ध्वनि जैसे 'fish' में) औरthese(लंबी 'ee' ध्वनि जैसे 'cheese' में)। यदि तुम उन्हें गलत बोलते हो, तो लोग भ्रमित हो सकते हैं कि तुम कितनी चीज़ों के बारे में बात कर रहे हो। - 4Overusing
That: उन चीज़ों के लिएthatका उपयोग न करें जिन्हें तुमने पकड़ा हुआ है। ऐसा लगता है जैसे तुम उस वस्तु से डर रहे हो।What is
(अपने ही हाथ की ओर इशारा करते हुए) ऐसा लगता है जैसे तुम्हें कोई कीड़ा मिल गया हो।that?What is
का प्रयोग करो।this?
Contrast With Similar Patterns
ये it, here, और there जैसे अन्य «इशारा करने वाले» शब्दों से कैसे भिन्न हैं?
this और that ज़्यादा विशिष्ट हैं। वे अंतरिक्ष में किसी विशेष चीज़ की ओर इशारा करते हैं। it ज़्यादा सामान्य है और इसका उपयोग तब किया जाता है जब हम पहले से ही जानते हैं कि हम किस बारे में बात कर रहे हैं।Look at(इशारा करने के लिएthisdog!Itis so cute.
this का प्रयोग करें, फिर बात जारी रखने के लिए it का)।here और there स्थान के क्रियाविशेषण (adverbs of place) हैं। वे संज्ञा की जगह नहीं लेते; वे स्थान का वर्णन करते हैं।My phone is here. (स्थान)This is my phone. (पहचान)these से ऐसा लगता है कि घटनाएँ अभी हो रही हैं। those से «वो भी क्या दिन थे» वाली भावना आती है।Quick FAQ
क्या मैं लोगों के लिए this का उपयोग कर सकता हूँ?
हाँ! लेकिन ज़्यादातर परिचय देने या किसी तस्वीर में किसी की पहचान करने के लिए।
This is my brother.
क्या मुझे हमेशा उनके बाद एक संज्ञा (noun) का उपयोग करना होगा?
नहीं। वे सर्वनाम (pronouns) के रूप में अकेले खड़े हो सकते हैं।
I like this. या वे विशेषण (adjectives) हो सकते हैं: I like this song.
क्या उंगली से इशारा करना असभ्य है?
कुछ संस्कृतियों में, हाँ! लेकिन this और that शब्दों का उपयोग करना बिल्कुल विनम्र है। बस अगर तुम किसी फैंसी रेस्टोरेंट में हो तो एक उंगली के बजाय शायद अपने पूरे हाथ का उपयोग करो।
Memory Trick
अक्षरों के बारे में सोचो!
- THIS में एक I है। केवल 1 I है। तो this 1 चीज़ के लिए है।
- THESE में कई E हैं। यह Extra चीज़ों (plural) के लिए है।
- THAT और THOSE? अगर यह T-H से शुरू होता है और लंबा है, तो यह दूर है। (ठीक है, यह थोड़ा अजीब है, लेकिन हो सकता है यह तुम्हारे लिए काम कर जाए!)
Real Conversations
Scenario 1: At a Clothing Store
Customer
these jeans?Clerk
Those ones on the rack? They are $50.Customer
this pair in my hand.Clerk
Those are on sale for $30.Scenario 2: Watching Netflix
Sam
this show?Alex
That documentary about tigers?Sam
this new reality show on the home screen.Progressive Practice
अभी अपने कमरे के चारों ओर देखो। 5 चीजों को छुओ और कहो
This is my...
अपनी खिड़की से बाहर देखो। दूर की 3 चीजों की ओर इशारा करो और कहो
That is a...
अपना फोटो ऐप खोलो। एक ग्रुप फोटो ढूंढो। इशारा करो और कहो
These are my friends.
कल्पना करो कि तुम एक टेक स्टोर में हो। कमरे के उस पार रखे लैपटॉप की कीमत पूछो:
How much is that?
इस वाक्य को सही करो:
I love this movies.(रुको, क्या तुमने इसे पकड़ लिया? यह
these movies होना चाहिए!)
The Demonstrative Grid
| Distance | Singular (1) | Plural (2+) |
|---|---|---|
|
Near (Close)
|
This
|
These
|
|
Far (Distant)
|
That
|
Those
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
That is
|
That's
|
Very common in speech
|
|
This is
|
None
|
Rarely contracted in writing
|
|
These are
|
None
|
Never contracted
|
|
Those are
|
None
|
Never contracted
|
Meanings
Words used to point to specific people or things in relation to the speaker in space or time.
Physical Distance
Pointing to objects based on their physical proximity to the speaker.
“This chair is comfortable.”
“That mountain is very high.”
Time Reference
Referring to events happening now or in the past/future.
“This week is very busy.”
“That was a great party last night.”
Introduction/Identification
Identifying people or things, often on the phone or when introducing someone.
“Hi, this is Sarah speaking.”
“Mom, this is my friend, Alex.”
Reference Table
| संकेतवाचक शब्द | मात्रा | दूरी | उदाहरण |
|---|---|---|---|
|
this
|
Singular
|
Near
|
This is my phone.
|
|
that
|
Singular
|
Far
|
That is a bird.
|
|
these
|
Plural
|
Near
|
These are my keys.
|
|
those
|
Plural
|
Far
|
Those are stars.
|
|
this (adjective)
|
Singular
|
Near
|
I like this song.
|
|
those (adjective)
|
Plural
|
Far
|
Look at those trees.
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
Could you tell me what this item is? (Shopping or curiosity)
What is this? (Shopping or curiosity)
What's this? (Shopping or curiosity)
What's this thingy? (Shopping or curiosity)
संकेतवाचक शब्दों की दुनिया
तुम्हारे पास
- this एकवचन
- these बहुवचन
तुमसे दूर
- that एकवचन
- those बहुवचन
एकवचन बनाम बहुवचन तुलना
मुझे कौन सा शब्द इस्तेमाल करना चाहिए?
क्या यह सिर्फ़ एक चीज़ है?
क्या यह तुम्हारे पास है?
क्या यह पास है (बहुवचन)?
आधुनिक उपयोग के परिदृश्य
फ़ोन पर
- • This is Mark speaking.
- • Who is that?
कैफे में
- • I'll have this muffin.
- • That latte looks good.
सोशल मीडिया
- • Look at these comments!
- • Those filters are weird.
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
This is my cat.
This is my cat.
That is a big tree.
That is a big tree.
These are my friends.
These are my friends.
Are those your keys?
Are those your keys?
This coffee is very hot.
This coffee is very hot.
I don't like that movie.
I don't like that movie.
These sandwiches are delicious.
These sandwiches are delicious.
Who are those people over there?
Who are those people over there?
This is exactly what I was talking about.
This is exactly what I was talking about.
That was a difficult time for everyone.
That was a difficult time for everyone.
These rules are quite confusing.
These rules are quite confusing.
Those who finish early can leave.
Those who finish early can leave.
This new policy will affect all employees.
This new policy will affect all employees.
That is a very interesting point you've raised.
That is a very interesting point you've raised.
These findings suggest a need for further research.
These findings suggest a need for further research.
Those arguments are simply not valid in this context.
Those arguments are simply not valid in this context.
This brings us to the final conclusion of the report.
This brings us to the final conclusion of the report.
That the economy is failing is a common misconception.
That the economy is failing is a common misconception.
These are not merely suggestions; they are requirements.
These are not merely suggestions; they are requirements.
Those present at the meeting agreed to the terms.
Those present at the meeting agreed to the terms.
This, then, is the crux of the matter.
This, then, is the crux of the matter.
I simply cannot stand that constant whistling of his.
I simply cannot stand that constant whistling of his.
These are but a few of the challenges we face.
These are but a few of the challenges we face.
Those were the days of wine and roses.
Those were the days of wine and roses.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners use 'it' to point to things for the first time.
In relative clauses, learners aren't sure which one to use.
Using 'they' to point to specific objects.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
This books are good.
These books are good.
That is my keys.
Those are my keys.
Look at this!
Look at that!
I like these cake.
I like this cake.
In that days, life was hard.
In those days, life was hard.
Who is that?
Who is this?
This is a good news.
This is good news.
That people are waiting.
Those people are waiting.
This was a great party last week.
That was a great party last week.
Those present at the meeting was...
Those present at the meeting were...
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
Is this ___?
I like those ___.
This is my friend, ___.
That was a ___ ___.
Real World Usage
How much is this shirt?
I'll take two of those croissants, please.
Hi, this is Mark. Is that Sarah?
This experience helped me develop leadership skills.
Check out this video! That was so funny.
Go past that building and turn left.
फ़ोन वाला नियम
This is John. और सामने वाले के लिए 'that': Is that you, Mary?
'S' लगाना मत भूलना
these apples.परिचय का तरीका
This is my friend.
Smart Tips
If you are touching the item, use 'this'. If the shopkeeper has to get it for you, use 'that'.
Always use 'these are' even if you are introducing them one by one as a group.
Use 'that' to show you were listening to their past experience.
Use 'this thing' or 'that thing' while pointing. It's a perfect survival strategy!
उच्चारण
The 'TH' sound
All four words start with the voiced 'th' sound /ð/. Your tongue should be between your teeth.
This vs. These Vowels
'This' has a short /ɪ/ (like 'sit'). 'These' has a long /iː/ (like 'see'). This is the most important distinction.
Emphasis on the demonstrative
I want THIS one, not THAT one.
Stressing the word shows a strong contrast between choices.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
THIS and THESE have an 'I' or 'E' like 'NEAR'. THAT and THOSE have an 'A' or 'O' like 'AFAR'.
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a circle around your feet. Anything inside the circle is 'This/These'. Anything outside the circle, where you have to stretch your arm to point, is 'That/Those'.
Rhyme
This and These are close to me, That and Those are far, you see!
Story
You are at a market. You hold an apple (This). You point to a mountain (That). You hold your keys (These). You point to the stars (Those).
Word Web
चैलेंज
Look around your room. Point to 3 things near you using 'This/These' and 3 things far away using 'That/Those'. Say them out loud!
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
When answering the phone, we say 'This is [Name].' We never say 'I am [Name]' or 'That is [Name]'.
In the UK, when asking who is on the other end of the phone, people often say 'Who is that?' whereas Americans might say 'Who is this?'
Pointing with a finger while saying 'that' can be considered rude in some cultures. Using the word alone is polite.
Demonstratives come from Old English 'þis' (this) and 'þæt' (that).
बातचीत की शुरुआत
What is this in English?
Do you like these shoes I'm wearing?
Is that your car parked outside?
What do you think of this weather we're having?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
___ clouds look like sheep.
I can't believe I found ___ book in the trash!
Find and fix the mistake:
That shoes are very dirty.
Score: /3
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercises___ is my favorite book in my hand.
Look at ___ stars in the sky!
Find and fix the mistake:
These is my brother, Tom.
1. This 2. These 3. That 4. Those
are / keys / those / your / ?
___ was a great movie we saw last night.
Hello, ___ is Sarah. Is ___ John?
I want to buy ___ shoes over there.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises___ (near) are my favorite cookies.
is / laptop / mine / that
Translate: 'Dies sind meine Eltern.'
फ़ोन पर बात करने वाले व्यक्ति के लिए सही वाक्य पहचानो:
संकेतवाचक शब्द को उसकी श्रेणी से मिलाओ:
गलती सुधारो: 'I want those apple on the table।'
Look at ___ bird way up in the tree!
अपने दोस्त मार्क का परिचय कैसे कराओगे?
अनुवाद करो: 'Jene Häuser sind alt।'
expensive / are / those / glasses
Score: /10
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
Yes, but mainly for introductions like `This is my friend` or on the phone. In other cases, use `he` or `she`.
We use `this` for the present or future (`this week`) and `that` for the past (`that year`).
English requires subject-verb agreement. `This` is singular, so it needs `is`. `These` is plural, so it needs `are`.
It is always `that's` with an apostrophe, which is short for `that is`.
Yes, `these ones` and `those ones` are very common in informal English to emphasize specific items.
Make sure the 'e' sound is long like in 'bee' and the 's' sounds like a 'z'.
Usually no. However, you might use it if you are referring to something the other person is holding.
No. In English, `this`, `that`, `these`, and `those` are the same for masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
este / ese / aquel
English lacks the 'middle' distance word (ese).
ce / cette / ces
English demonstratives are gender-neutral.
dieser / jener
English forms are much simpler and don't change for case.
kore / sore / are
Japanese distinguishes between 'near you' and 'far from us'.
hadha / dhalika
English has no 'dual' form for exactly two things.
zhè / nà
English has unique plural words (these/those) rather than adding a suffix.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
संबंधित वीडियो
Which Sidekick Notepad Is For You?
What to know about orgasms: Sex Ed #13
Supreme Court BANS Faithless Electors…………?
The Parts of Speech: PRONOUNS | 8 Types of Pronouns | English Grammar for Beginners
Sparkle English
Pronouns for Kids | Grammar for Elementary Students
Homeschool Pop
Related Grammar Rules
अंग्रेजी ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन: me, you, him, her (क्रिया प्राप्त करना)
Overview क्या आपने कभी सेल्फी पोस्ट की है और सोचा है कि आप सिर्फ `Look at I!` क्यों नहीं लिख सकते? खैर, जब तक आप 17वीं स...
अंग्रेजी रिफ्लेक्सिव प्रोनाउन (myself, yourself)
Overview क्या आपने कभी अपने चेहरे की फोटो लेने की कोशिश की है? आपने शायद इसे `selfie` कहा होगा। यह छोटा सा शब्द वास्तव म...
सर्वनाम के रूप में 'One' और 'Ones' का प्रयोग
क्या तुम्हें कभी ऑनलाइन कपड़े खरीदते समय अटके हुए रिकॉर्ड जैसा महसूस हुआ है? तुम्हें एक मस्त शर्ट मिलती है। फिर तुम्हें...
मैं, तुम, यह — आपके पहले सर्वनाम
क्या आपने कभी ध्यान दिया है कि अगर हम नामों को बार-बार दोहराते रहें तो यह कितना अजीब लगेगा? "मारिया स्पेन से है। मारिया...
गैर-संदर्भित और प्लियोनास्टिक 'it' (मैं समझता हूँ कि तुम जा रहे हो)
### Overview English grammar का एक बहुत ही दिलचस्प और महत्वपूर्ण नियम यह है कि हर finite verb (सीमित क्रिया) के लिए एक...