A1 · शुरुआती चैप्टर 4

Identifying People and Objects

3 कुल नियम

33 उदाहरण

5 मिनट

इस अध्याय के नियम त्वरित अभ्यास

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of pointing things out and talking about people with precision and ease.

Identify the correct subject to use in your sentences.
Use object pronouns to describe who receives an action.
Distinguish between near and far objects using demonstratives.

Point, name, and connect with the world around you.

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Get ready to chat about the world around you! We'll explore how to use words like 'this' and 'that' to point things out, and understand how to talk about 'him' or 'her' correctly when they receive the action. You'll be describing everything with confidence!

अंग्रेजी विषयवाचक सर्वनाम (मैं, तुम, वह...)
ये 'काम करने वाले' «कर्ता» होते हैं, जो तुम्हारी अंग्रेजी को «आसान» और «स्वाभाविक» बनाते हैं.
अंग्रेजी ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन: me, you, him, her (क्रिया प्राप्त करना)
तुम इन जादुई शब्दों का इस्तेमाल करते हो: me, you, him/her, it, us, them क्रिया के बाद या preposition के बाद, ये बताने के लिए कि क्रिया का असर किस पर हो रहा है।
यह, वह (This, That, These, Those): प्रदर्शनकारी शब्द
ये «संकेतवाचक शब्द» हमें चीज़ों की «दूरी» और «संख्या» बताते हैं।

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

1
By the end you will be able to: Correctly use subject and object pronouns to describe social interactions.
2
By the end you will be able to: Use 'this', 'that', 'these', and 'those' to identify physical items in your environment.

अध्याय गाइड

Overview

Ever wanted to tell someone about your new friend, or maybe point out a delicious-looking pastry in a cafe? This chapter is your trusty guide to doing just that! It's all about making your conversations clear and simple when you want to talk about people and things around you.

We're diving into the basics of English identifying people and objects for beginners, giving you the tools to chat about who is doing an action (like 'I' or 'she') and who is receiving an action (like 'me' or 'him'). Plus, you'll master those handy pointing words like this and that to show exactly what you mean. Learning these simple patterns is super important for an A1 level because it helps you build foundational sentences and express yourself easily in everyday situations.

Get ready to feel more confident as you learn English A1 grammar and describe your world with clarity!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down how to talk about people and things in English!

First, we have Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. These words are like the star of your sentence – they are the ones *doing* the action. For example, instead of saying

John eats an apple,

we can say

He eats an apple.

Or,

We like pizza.

They help you avoid repeating names and keep sentences smooth and natural.

Next, meet Object Pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them. These pronouns are the ones *receiving* the action. They usually come after a verb (the action word) or a preposition (like to, for, with).

Think about it: if someone gives something, someone else receives it. So, you might say,

She sees him

(he receives the seeing) or

Can you give the book to me?

(I receive the giving).

Finally, let's talk about our pointing words: This, That, These, Those. These are super handy for showing *where* something is and *how many* there are.

Use This for one thing that is close to you.
Look at this phone.
Use That for one thing that is far from you.
Is that your car?
Use These for many things that are close to you.
These are my friends.
Use Those for many things that are far from you.
Those flowers are beautiful.

You can use these words to point to objects, and then use pronouns to talk about them later! For instance,

Look at this book. It is good.

See how they all connect to make your English clearer?

Common Mistakes

1Mixing Subject and Object Pronouns

✗ She likes I.

✓ She likes me.

Explanation: Remember, the person *doing* the action uses a subject pronoun (she), and the person *receiving* the action uses an object pronoun (me). You can't like «I,» but you can like me.

1Using This/That with Plural Nouns

✗ This are my friends.

✓ These are my friends.

Explanation: This and that are for *one* thing (singular). When you have *many* things (plural), use these (close) or those (far).

1Confusing Near and Far Pointing Words

✗ Look at this mountain way over there!

✓ Look at that mountain way over there!

Explanation: If something is far away (like way over there), use that (for one thing) or those (for many things). Save this and these for things close to you.

Real Conversations

Dialogue 1: At a Café

Excuse me, is this my coffee?

Oh, no. That coffee is for him. Your latte is on its way!

Dialogue 2: Introducing Friends

Hi Mark! These are my friends, Emily and Tom. They just arrived.

Nice to meet them! So, you all know each other from school?

Dialogue 3: Shopping

I like this shirt. Do you think it will fit me?

Hmm, it looks a bit small. What about that one, the blue one?

Oh, yes! That looks much better. My sister likes blue too; maybe I will buy it for her.

Quick FAQ

How do I choose between this and that in English?

Use this for singular items *close* to you. Use that for singular items *far* from you. For example, "This is my phone (it's in my hand), but That is your car (it's across the street)."

What's the main difference between subject and object pronouns?

Subject pronouns (I, he, she, we, they) *do* the action in a sentence. Object pronouns (me, him, her, us, them) *receive* the action or come after a preposition. For example:

She (subject) saw him (object).

When should I use him instead of he in English?

Use him when the person is the *receiver* of an action or when it comes after a preposition. For example,

I gave the book to him

She called him.

Use he when the person is *doing* the action, like

He is here.

Can I use

it

to talk about a person?

Generally, no. We use it for objects, animals, or general ideas. For people, always use he or she (subject) or him or her (object). Using

it

for a person can sound very impersonal or even rude.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these pronouns and pointing words constantly in everyday chat. In informal speech, you might hear people shorten things, but the core grammar of who does what and what is where stays the same. For example, pointing with your finger when you say

this

that

is very common and natural!

Don't be afraid to use them often – they make your English clear and direct.

मुख्य उदाहरण (6)

`I` am studying for my exam tonight.

मैं आज रात अपनी परीक्षा के लिए पढ़ाई कर रहा हूँ/रही हूँ।

अंग्रेजी विषयवाचक सर्वनाम (मैं, तुम, वह...)

`You` look great in that new jacket!

तुम उस नई जैकेट में बहुत अच्छे लग रहे हो!

अंग्रेजी विषयवाचक सर्वनाम (मैं, तुम, वह...)

Can you help `me` with this TikTok dance?

क्या तुम इस टिकटॉक डांस में मेरी मदद कर सकते हो?

अंग्रेजी ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन: me, you, him, her (क्रिया प्राप्त करना)

I'll call `you` on Zoom later tonight.

मैं तुम्हें आज रात ज़ूम पर कॉल करूँगा।

अंग्रेजी ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन: me, you, him, her (क्रिया प्राप्त करना)

Is `this` your water bottle?

क्या यह तुम्हारी पानी की बोतल है?

यह, वह (This, That, These, Those): प्रदर्शनकारी शब्द

Look at `that` sunset!

उस सूर्यास्त को देखो!

यह, वह (This, That, These, Those): प्रदर्शनकारी शब्द

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (3)

💡

'I' को हमेशा कैपिटल में लिखो

चाहे 'I' वाक्य में कहीं भी आए, उसे हमेशा «बड़े अक्षर» में लिखते हैं. ये सिर्फ इसी के लिए है, भूलना मत!

I am happy to see you.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: अंग्रेजी विषयवाचक सर्वनाम (मैं, तुम, वह...)

💡

ऑब्जेक्ट का कमाल

याद रखो, 'O'bject (ऑब्जेक्ट) वो होता है जिस पर क्रिया (action) का 'O'utcome (असर) होता है। ये अक्सर वाक्य के आखिर में आता है:

She saw him at the party.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: अंग्रेजी ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन: me, you, him, her (क्रिया प्राप्त करना)

🎯

फ़ोन वाला नियम

जब फ़ोन पर बात करते हो, अपने लिए हमेशा 'this' इस्तेमाल करो: This is John. और सामने वाले के लिए 'that':

Is that you, Mary?

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यह, वह (This, That, These, Those): प्रदर्शनकारी शब्द

मुख्य शब्दावली (6)

me receiver of action him male receiver her female receiver this near singular those far plural they plural subject

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

Shopping for gifts

Review Summary

Pronoun + Verb
Verb + Pronoun
Demonstrative + Verb + Noun

सामान्य गलतियाँ

You should use 'I' because you are the one doing the action. 'Me' is only for receiving actions.

Wrong: Me like this book.

सही: I like this book.

Since he is receiving the action of being seen, you must use the object form 'him'.

Wrong: I see he.

सही: I see him.

Use 'This' for singular items. 'These' is only for plural items.

Wrong: These is my pen.

सही: This is my pen.

इस अध्याय के नियम (3)

Next Steps

You have done an excellent job mastering these basics. Keep practicing, and you will be speaking fluently in no time!

Label items in your house using sticky notes.

Continue to: Describing Your World and Actions

त्वरित अभ्यास (9)

कौन सा वाक्य व्याकरण के हिसाब से सही है?

एक टेक्स्ट मैसेज के लिए सबसे अच्छा वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can you help me?

'me' क्रिया 'help' के बाद इस्तेमाल होने वाला ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: अंग्रेजी ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन: me, you, him, her (क्रिया प्राप्त करना)

गलती ढूंढो और उसे ठीक करो।

Find and fix the mistake:

He is my friend. I like he very much.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I like him very much.

क्रिया 'like' के बाद, हमें ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन 'him' का इस्तेमाल करना होगा, सब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन 'he' का नहीं।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: अंग्रेजी ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन: me, you, him, her (क्रिया प्राप्त करना)

वाक्य में गलती ढूंढो और उसे ठीक करो।

Find and fix the mistake:

The new movie is great. They is very exciting.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The new movie is great. It is very exciting.

प्रोनाउन 'They' बहुवचन है और लोगों या चीज़ों के लिए होता है. 'The new movie' एकवचन, निर्जीव चीज़ है, इसलिए 'It' सही सब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: अंग्रेजी विषयवाचक सर्वनाम (मैं, तुम, वह...)

सही ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन से खाली जगह भरो।

I love this song! I listen to ___ every day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: it

'song' एक चीज़ है, इसलिए हम ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन 'it' का इस्तेमाल करते हैं।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: अंग्रेजी ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन: me, you, him, her (क्रिया प्राप्त करना)

वाक्य पूरा करने के लिए सही सब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन चुनो।

My sister loves to sing. ___ sings every day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She

वाक्य 'मेरी बहन' के बारे में है, जो एक लड़की है. इसलिए, 'She' सही सब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: अंग्रेजी विषयवाचक सर्वनाम (मैं, तुम, वह...)

वाक्य में गलती सुधारो।

Find and fix the mistake:

That shoes are very dirty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those shoes are very dirty.

जूते बहुवचन हैं। 'That' एकवचन है। हमें 'those' (दूर) या 'these' (पास) चाहिए। दिए गए विकल्पों में 'Those' सबसे अच्छा सुधार है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यह, वह (This, That, These, Those): प्रदर्शनकारी शब्द

सही वाक्य चुनो:

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I am hungry.

'I' पहले व्यक्ति एकवचन के लिए सही सब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन है, जो 'भूखा होने' का काम कर रहा है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: अंग्रेजी विषयवाचक सर्वनाम (मैं, तुम, वह...)

कई दूर की चीज़ों का सही वर्णन करने के लिए कौन सा शब्द सही है?

___ clouds look like sheep.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those

बादल बहुवचन हैं और आसमान में दूर हैं, इसलिए हम 'those' का इस्तेमाल करते हैं।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यह, वह (This, That, These, Those): प्रदर्शनकारी शब्द

उस चीज़ के लिए रिक्त स्थान भरें जो तुम पकड़े हुए हो।

I can't believe I found ___ book in the trash!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this

अगर तुम्हें वह मिली है और तुम उसे पकड़े हुए हो या करीब से देख रहे हो, तो एकवचन चीज़ के लिए 'this' का इस्तेमाल करो।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यह, वह (This, That, These, Those): प्रदर्शनकारी शब्द

Score: /9

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

अँग्रेज़ी में 'सब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन' वो शब्द होते हैं (जैसे 'I', 'he', 'they') जो किसी नाम की जगह आते हैं और वाक्य में 'काम' करते हैं. ये काम करने वाले होते हैं. I like apples.

हम इन्हें इसलिए इस्तेमाल करते हैं ताकि नामों को बार-बार दोहराना न पड़े, और हमारी बातें ज़्यादा स्वाभाविक लगें. जैसे 'John went, John saw, John ate' की बजाय हम कहते हैं 'John went, he saw, he ate'.

ऑब्जेक्ट प्रोनाउन वो शब्द होते हैं जैसे 'me', 'him', या 'them', जिन पर क्रिया का असर होता है या जो preposition के बाद आते हैं। ये संज्ञा (noun) की जगह लेते हैं ताकि उसे दोहराना न पड़े। उदाहरण: She called him.

'I' तब इस्तेमाल करो जब तुम क्रिया कर रहे हो ('I see you')। 'me' तब इस्तेमाल करो जब क्रिया तुम पर हो रही हो ('You see me') या 'for', 'to', या 'with' जैसे शब्दों के बाद। उदाहरण: