A1 · 入门 章节 4

Identifying People and Objects

3 总规则
33 例句
5 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of pointing things out and talking about people with precision and ease.

  • Identify the correct subject to use in your sentences.
  • Use object pronouns to describe who receives an action.
  • Distinguish between near and far objects using demonstratives.
Point, name, and connect with the world around you.

你将学到什么

Get ready to chat about the world around you! We'll explore how to use words like 'this' and 'that' to point things out, and understand how to talk about 'him' or 'her' correctly when they receive the action. You'll be describing everything with confidence!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Correctly use subject and object pronouns to describe social interactions.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'this', 'that', 'these', and 'those' to identify physical items in your environment.

章节指南

Overview

Ever wanted to tell someone about your new friend, or maybe point out a delicious-looking pastry in a cafe? This chapter is your trusty guide to doing just that! It's all about making your conversations clear and simple when you want to talk about people and things around you.
We're diving into the basics of English identifying people and objects for beginners, giving you the tools to chat about who is doing an action (like 'I' or 'she') and who is receiving an action (like 'me' or 'him'). Plus, you'll master those handy pointing words like this and that to show exactly what you mean. Learning these simple patterns is super important for an A1 level because it helps you build foundational sentences and express yourself easily in everyday situations.
Get ready to feel more confident as you learn English A1 grammar and describe your world with clarity!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down how to talk about people and things in English!
First, we have Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. These words are like the star of your sentence – they are the ones *doing* the action. For example, instead of saying
John eats an apple,
we can say
He eats an apple.
Or,
We like pizza.
They help you avoid repeating names and keep sentences smooth and natural.
Next, meet Object Pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them. These pronouns are the ones *receiving* the action. They usually come after a verb (the action word) or a preposition (like to, for, with).
Think about it: if someone gives something, someone else receives it. So, you might say,
She sees him
(he receives the seeing) or
Can you give the book to me?
(I receive the giving).
Finally, let's talk about our pointing words: This, That, These, Those. These are super handy for showing *where* something is and *how many* there are.
  • Use This for one thing that is close to you.
    Look at this phone.
  • Use That for one thing that is far from you.
    Is that your car?
  • Use These for many things that are close to you.
    These are my friends.
  • Use Those for many things that are far from you.
    Those flowers are beautiful.
You can use these words to point to objects, and then use pronouns to talk about them later! For instance,
Look at this book. It is good.
See how they all connect to make your English clearer?

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Mixing Subject and Object Pronouns
✗ She likes I.
✓ She likes me.
Explanation: Remember, the person *doing* the action uses a subject pronoun (she), and the person *receiving* the action uses an object pronoun (me). You can't like «I,» but you can like me.
  1. 1Using This/That with Plural Nouns
✗ This are my friends.
✓ These are my friends.
Explanation: This and that are for *one* thing (singular). When you have *many* things (plural), use these (close) or those (far).
  1. 1Confusing Near and Far Pointing Words
✗ Look at this mountain way over there!
✓ Look at that mountain way over there!
Explanation: If something is far away (like way over there), use that (for one thing) or those (for many things). Save this and these for things close to you.

Real Conversations

Dialogue 1: At a Café

A

A

Excuse me, is this my coffee?
B

B

Oh, no. That coffee is for him. Your latte is on its way!

Dialogue 2: Introducing Friends

A

A

Hi Mark! These are my friends, Emily and Tom. They just arrived.
B

B

Nice to meet them! So, you all know each other from school?

Dialogue 3: Shopping

A

A

I like this shirt. Do you think it will fit me?
B

B

Hmm, it looks a bit small. What about that one, the blue one?
A

A

Oh, yes! That looks much better. My sister likes blue too; maybe I will buy it for her.

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I choose between this and that in English?

Use this for singular items *close* to you. Use that for singular items *far* from you. For example, "This is my phone (it's in my hand), but That is your car (it's across the street)."

Q

What's the main difference between subject and object pronouns?

Subject pronouns (I, he, she, we, they) *do* the action in a sentence. Object pronouns (me, him, her, us, them) *receive* the action or come after a preposition. For example:

She (subject) saw him (object).

Q

When should I use him instead of he in English?

Use him when the person is the *receiver* of an action or when it comes after a preposition. For example,

I gave the book to him
or
She called him.
Use he when the person is *doing* the action, like
He is here.

Q

Can I use

it
to talk about a person?

Generally, no. We use it for objects, animals, or general ideas. For people, always use he or she (subject) or him or her (object). Using

it
for a person can sound very impersonal or even rude.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these pronouns and pointing words constantly in everyday chat. In informal speech, you might hear people shorten things, but the core grammar of who does what and what is where stays the same. For example, pointing with your finger when you say
this
or
that
is very common and natural!
Don't be afraid to use them often – they make your English clear and direct.

关键例句 (6)

1

`I` am studying for my exam tonight.

Yo estoy estudiando para mi examen esta noche.

英语主格代词 (我，你，他...)
2

`You` look great in that new jacket!

¡Te ves genial con esa chaqueta nueva!

英语主格代词 (我，你，他...)
3

Can you help `me` with this TikTok dance?

你能帮**我**跳这个TikTok舞吗？

英语宾格代词：me, you, him, her（动作的接收者）
4

I'll call `you` on Zoom later tonight.

我今晚晚些时候会在Zoom上给**你**打电话。

英语宾格代词：me, you, him, her（动作的接收者）
5

Is `this` your water bottle?

这是你的水壶吗？

这个，那个 (This, That, These, Those): 指示代词
6

Look at `that` sunset!

看那个日落！

这个，那个 (This, That, These, Those): 指示代词

技巧与窍门 (3)

💡

The 'I' Rule

Always capitalize 'I', even in the middle of a sentence. It shows you are important!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英语主格代词 (我，你，他...)
💡

“O”的小秘密

记住，**O**bject (宾格) 就是动作的**O**utcome (结果)。它通常在句子的末尾出现。
The dog chased it.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英语宾格代词：me, you, him, her（动作的接收者）
🎯

📞 电话规则

在打电话的时候，介绍自己总是用“this”：“This is John.”；问对方是不是某人时用“that”：“
Is that you, Mary?
”
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 这个，那个 (This, That, These, Those): 指示代词

核心词汇 (6)

me receiver of action him male receiver her female receiver this near singular those far plural they plural subject

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

Shopping for gifts

Review Summary

  • Pronoun + Verb
  • Verb + Pronoun
  • Demonstrative + Verb + Noun

常见错误

You should use 'I' because you are the one doing the action. 'Me' is only for receiving actions.

Wrong: Me like this book.
正确: I like this book.

Since he is receiving the action of being seen, you must use the object form 'him'.

Wrong: I see he.
正确: I see him.

Use 'This' for singular items. 'These' is only for plural items.

Wrong: These is my pen.
正确: This is my pen.

Next Steps

You have done an excellent job mastering these basics. Keep practicing, and you will be speaking fluently in no time!

Label items in your house using sticky notes.

Continue to: Describing Your World and Actions

快速练习 (9)

选择语法正确的句子。

Choose the best sentence for a text message:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can you help me?
“me”是动词“help”后面使用的宾格代词。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英语宾格代词：me, you, him, her（动作的接收者）

Choose the correct pronoun for a girl.

___ is my sister.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She
'She' is used for females.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英语主格代词 (我，你，他...)

Fix the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

Is raining today.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It is raining
Weather sentences need 'it'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英语主格代词 (我，你，他...)

哪个词正确描述了远处的多个事物？

___ clouds look like sheep.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those
“Clouds”是复数，而且在天空中很远，所以我们用“those”。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 这个，那个 (This, That, These, Those): 指示代词

用正确的宾格代词填空。

I love this song! I listen to ___ every day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: it
因为“song”是一个事物，我们用宾格代词“it”。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英语宾格代词：me, you, him, her（动作的接收者）

Fill in the blank with the correct pronoun.

___ am a student.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I
We use 'I' with 'am'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英语主格代词 (我，你，他...)

找出并改正错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

He is my friend. I like he very much.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I like him very much.
在动词“like”后面，我们必须使用宾格代词“him”，而不是主格代词“he”。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英语宾格代词：me, you, him, her（动作的接收者）

修正句中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

That shoes are very dirty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those shoes are very dirty.
“Shoes”是复数。“That”是单数。我们需要“those”（远）或“these”（近）。提供的选项中，“Those”是最好的修正。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 这个，那个 (This, That, These, Those): 指示代词

填空，描述你手里拿着的东西。

I can't believe I found ___ book in the trash!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this
如果你找到了它，很可能正拿着或仔细看着它，那么对于一个单数物品用“this”。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 这个，那个 (This, That, These, Those): 指示代词

Score: /9

常见问题 (6)

Historically, a small 'i' was hard to read in old manuscripts, so it was made capital to stand out.
Yes! It is used when you don't know the person's gender or want to be inclusive.
宾格代词就像 me, him, them 这样的词，它们接收动词的动作，或者跟在介词后面。它代替名词，这样我们就不用重复提及了。
I saw him.
当你是动作的发出者时，用“I”（比如 I see you）。当动作发生在你身上时，或者在 like for, to, with 这样的词后面，用“me”（比如
You see me
）。
当然可以！你可以说：“This is great!”来描述一个派对或你正在参与的项目。
“that”指向某个特定事物来指明它，“it”则在事物已经被指明后使用。例如：“
Look at that! It is a massive bug!
”
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给万物起个名：掌握名词与所属关系
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Describing Your World and Actions
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