A1 · 초급 챕터 4

Identifying People and Objects

3 총 규칙
33 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of pointing things out and talking about people with precision and ease.

  • Identify the correct subject to use in your sentences.
  • Use object pronouns to describe who receives an action.
  • Distinguish between near and far objects using demonstratives.
Point, name, and connect with the world around you.

배울 내용

Get ready to chat about the world around you! We'll explore how to use words like 'this' and 'that' to point things out, and understand how to talk about 'him' or 'her' correctly when they receive the action. You'll be describing everything with confidence!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Correctly use subject and object pronouns to describe social interactions.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'this', 'that', 'these', and 'those' to identify physical items in your environment.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Ever wanted to tell someone about your new friend, or maybe point out a delicious-looking pastry in a cafe? This chapter is your trusty guide to doing just that! It's all about making your conversations clear and simple when you want to talk about people and things around you.
We're diving into the basics of English identifying people and objects for beginners, giving you the tools to chat about who is doing an action (like 'I' or 'she') and who is receiving an action (like 'me' or 'him'). Plus, you'll master those handy pointing words like this and that to show exactly what you mean. Learning these simple patterns is super important for an A1 level because it helps you build foundational sentences and express yourself easily in everyday situations.
Get ready to feel more confident as you learn English A1 grammar and describe your world with clarity!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down how to talk about people and things in English!
First, we have Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. These words are like the star of your sentence – they are the ones *doing* the action. For example, instead of saying
John eats an apple,
we can say
He eats an apple.
Or,
We like pizza.
They help you avoid repeating names and keep sentences smooth and natural.
Next, meet Object Pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them. These pronouns are the ones *receiving* the action. They usually come after a verb (the action word) or a preposition (like to, for, with).
Think about it: if someone gives something, someone else receives it. So, you might say,
She sees him
(he receives the seeing) or
Can you give the book to me?
(I receive the giving).
Finally, let's talk about our pointing words: This, That, These, Those. These are super handy for showing *where* something is and *how many* there are.
  • Use This for one thing that is close to you.
    Look at this phone.
  • Use That for one thing that is far from you.
    Is that your car?
  • Use These for many things that are close to you.
    These are my friends.
  • Use Those for many things that are far from you.
    Those flowers are beautiful.
You can use these words to point to objects, and then use pronouns to talk about them later! For instance,
Look at this book. It is good.
See how they all connect to make your English clearer?

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Mixing Subject and Object Pronouns
✗ She likes I.
✓ She likes me.
Explanation: Remember, the person *doing* the action uses a subject pronoun (she), and the person *receiving* the action uses an object pronoun (me). You can't like «I,» but you can like me.
  1. 1Using This/That with Plural Nouns
✗ This are my friends.
✓ These are my friends.
Explanation: This and that are for *one* thing (singular). When you have *many* things (plural), use these (close) or those (far).
  1. 1Confusing Near and Far Pointing Words
✗ Look at this mountain way over there!
✓ Look at that mountain way over there!
Explanation: If something is far away (like way over there), use that (for one thing) or those (for many things). Save this and these for things close to you.

Real Conversations

Dialogue 1: At a Café

A

A

Excuse me, is this my coffee?
B

B

Oh, no. That coffee is for him. Your latte is on its way!

Dialogue 2: Introducing Friends

A

A

Hi Mark! These are my friends, Emily and Tom. They just arrived.
B

B

Nice to meet them! So, you all know each other from school?

Dialogue 3: Shopping

A

A

I like this shirt. Do you think it will fit me?
B

B

Hmm, it looks a bit small. What about that one, the blue one?
A

A

Oh, yes! That looks much better. My sister likes blue too; maybe I will buy it for her.

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I choose between this and that in English?

Use this for singular items *close* to you. Use that for singular items *far* from you. For example, "This is my phone (it's in my hand), but That is your car (it's across the street)."

Q

What's the main difference between subject and object pronouns?

Subject pronouns (I, he, she, we, they) *do* the action in a sentence. Object pronouns (me, him, her, us, them) *receive* the action or come after a preposition. For example:

She (subject) saw him (object).

Q

When should I use him instead of he in English?

Use him when the person is the *receiver* of an action or when it comes after a preposition. For example,

I gave the book to him
or
She called him.
Use he when the person is *doing* the action, like
He is here.

Q

Can I use

it
to talk about a person?

Generally, no. We use it for objects, animals, or general ideas. For people, always use he or she (subject) or him or her (object). Using

it
for a person can sound very impersonal or even rude.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these pronouns and pointing words constantly in everyday chat. In informal speech, you might hear people shorten things, but the core grammar of who does what and what is where stays the same. For example, pointing with your finger when you say
this
or
that
is very common and natural!
Don't be afraid to use them often – they make your English clear and direct.

주요 예문 (6)

1

`I` am studying for my exam tonight.

저는 오늘 밤 시험공부를 하고 있어요.

영어 주어 대명사 (I, you, he...)
2

`You` look great in that new jacket!

그 새 재킷 정말 잘 어울리네요!

영어 주어 대명사 (I, you, he...)
3

Can you help `me` with this TikTok dance?

이 틱톡 춤 좀 도와줄 수 있어?

영어 목적격 대명사: me, you, him, her (동작을 받는 사람)
4

I'll call `you` on Zoom later tonight.

오늘 밤 늦게 줌으로 전화할게.

영어 목적격 대명사: me, you, him, her (동작을 받는 사람)
5

Is `this` your water bottle?

이것이 당신의 물병인가요?

이것, 저것 (This, That, These, Those): 지시어
6

Look at `that` sunset!

저 일몰 좀 봐!

이것, 저것 (This, That, These, Those): 지시어

팁과 요령 (3)

💡

'I'는 항상 대문자예요

문장 어디에 오든 'I'는 항상 대문자로 써야 해요. 이건 'I'만 가진 특별한 규칙이니까 꼭 기억하세요!
I am a student, and I love learning English.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 주어 대명사 (I, you, he...)
💡

'O' 로 기억하기

Object(목적어)는 Outcome(결과물)과 비슷하게 문장 끝에 오는 경우가 많아요!
It usually comes at the end of the sentence.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 목적격 대명사: me, you, him, her (동작을 받는 사람)
🎯

전화 통화 규칙

전화 통화할 때는 항상 자신을 'this'로 소개하고 상대방은 'that'으로 물어봐요. This is John (제가 존입니다),
Is that you, Mary?
(메리 맞아요?) 처럼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 이것, 저것 (This, That, These, Those): 지시어

핵심 어휘 (6)

me receiver of action him male receiver her female receiver this near singular those far plural they plural subject

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

Shopping for gifts

Review Summary

  • Pronoun + Verb
  • Verb + Pronoun
  • Demonstrative + Verb + Noun

자주 하는 실수

You should use 'I' because you are the one doing the action. 'Me' is only for receiving actions.

Wrong: Me like this book.
정답: I like this book.

Since he is receiving the action of being seen, you must use the object form 'him'.

Wrong: I see he.
정답: I see him.

Use 'This' for singular items. 'These' is only for plural items.

Wrong: These is my pen.
정답: This is my pen.

Next Steps

You have done an excellent job mastering these basics. Keep practicing, and you will be speaking fluently in no time!

Label items in your house using sticky notes.

Continue to: Describing Your World and Actions

빠른 연습 (9)

빈칸에 올바른 목적격 대명사를 채우세요.

I love this song! I listen to ___ every day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: it
'노래(song)'는 사물이니까 목적격 대명사 'it'을 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 목적격 대명사: me, you, him, her (동작을 받는 사람)

당신이 들고 있는 물건에 들어갈 빈칸을 채우세요.

I can't believe I found ___ book in the trash!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this
찾았고 아마도 들고 있거나 가까이 보고 있는 단수 물건에는 'this'를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 이것, 저것 (This, That, These, Those): 지시어

멀리 있는 여러 개의 물건을 올바르게 설명하는 단어는 무엇인가요?

___ clouds look like sheep.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those
구름은 복수이고 하늘에 멀리 떨어져 있으므로 'those'를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 이것, 저것 (This, That, These, Those): 지시어

문장의 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

The new movie is great. They is very exciting.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The new movie is great. It is very exciting.
'They'는 복수이고 사람이나 사물을 가리킵니다. 'The new movie'는 단수의 사람이 아닌 사물이므로, 'It'이 올바른 주격 대명사입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 주어 대명사 (I, you, he...)

틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

He is my friend. I like he very much.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I like him very much.
'좋아하다(like)'라는 동사 뒤에는 주격 대명사 'he'가 아니라 목적격 대명사 'him'을 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 목적격 대명사: me, you, him, her (동작을 받는 사람)

주격 대명사가 올바르게 사용된 문장을 고르세요.

올바른 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I am hungry.
'I'는 1인칭 단수 주격 대명사로, '배고픈' 행동을 하는 주체에게 올바르게 사용되었습니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 주어 대명사 (I, you, he...)

문장을 완성하는 올바른 주격 대명사를 선택하세요.

My sister loves to sing. ___ sings every day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She
문장은 'my sister'에 대한 내용이고, 'my sister'는 여성이므로 'She'가 올바른 주격 대명사입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 주어 대명사 (I, you, he...)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

That shoes are very dirty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those shoes are very dirty.
신발은 복수형이에요. 'That'은 단수이므로, 'those' (멀리 있는) 또는 'these' (가까이 있는)를 써야 해요. 주어진 선택지 중 'Those'가 가장 적절한 수정이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 이것, 저것 (This, That, These, Those): 지시어

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

문자 메시지에 가장 적합한 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can you help me?
'도와주다(help)'라는 동사 뒤에는 목적격 대명사 'me'를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 목적격 대명사: me, you, him, her (동작을 받는 사람)

Score: /9

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

주격 대명사는 문장에서 명사를 대신해서 동사의 행동을 '하는' 단어예요. (예: I, he, they) 행동의 주인공이라고 생각하면 쉬워요.
명사를 계속 반복하는 걸 피해서 문장을 더 자연스럽고 매끄럽게 만들기 위해 사용해요. 예를 들어, 'John went, John saw, John ate' 대신 'John went, he saw, he ate'라고 말하는 거죠.
목적격 대명사는 'me', 'him', 'them'처럼 동사의 행동을 받거나 전치사 뒤에 오는 단어예요. 명사를 반복하지 않으려고 대신 사용하죠.
행동을 하는 주체일 때는 'I'를 쓰고 ('I see you'), 행동을 받을 때는 'me'를 써요 ('You see me'). 'for', 'to', 'with' 같은 단어 뒤에도 'me'를 써요.
네, 그럼요! 현재 진행 중인 파티나 프로젝트에 대해 말할 때 This is great! (이거 정말 좋네요!) 라고 할 수 있어요.
'that'은 특정 대상을 가리켜 식별할 때 사용해요. 'it'은 이미 식별된 대상을 다시 지칭할 때 쓰고요. 예를 들어:
Look at that! It is a massive bug!
(저것 좀 봐! 엄청 큰 벌레야!)
이전 챕터
Naming Things and People
다음 챕터
Describing Your World and Actions
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