A1 · Principiante Capítulo 4

Identifying People and Objects

3 Reglas totales
33 ejemplos
5 min
Reglas en este capítulo Práctica rápida

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of pointing things out and talking about people with precision and ease.

  • Identify the correct subject to use in your sentences.
  • Use object pronouns to describe who receives an action.
  • Distinguish between near and far objects using demonstratives.
Point, name, and connect with the world around you.

Lo que aprenderás

Get ready to chat about the world around you! We'll explore how to use words like 'this' and 'that' to point things out, and understand how to talk about 'him' or 'her' correctly when they receive the action. You'll be describing everything with confidence!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Correctly use subject and object pronouns to describe social interactions.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'this', 'that', 'these', and 'those' to identify physical items in your environment.

Guía del capítulo

Overview

Ever wanted to tell someone about your new friend, or maybe point out a delicious-looking pastry in a cafe? This chapter is your trusty guide to doing just that! It's all about making your conversations clear and simple when you want to talk about people and things around you.
We're diving into the basics of English identifying people and objects for beginners, giving you the tools to chat about who is doing an action (like 'I' or 'she') and who is receiving an action (like 'me' or 'him'). Plus, you'll master those handy pointing words like this and that to show exactly what you mean. Learning these simple patterns is super important for an A1 level because it helps you build foundational sentences and express yourself easily in everyday situations.
Get ready to feel more confident as you learn English A1 grammar and describe your world with clarity!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down how to talk about people and things in English!
First, we have Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. These words are like the star of your sentence – they are the ones *doing* the action. For example, instead of saying
John eats an apple,
we can say
He eats an apple.
Or,
We like pizza.
They help you avoid repeating names and keep sentences smooth and natural.
Next, meet Object Pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them. These pronouns are the ones *receiving* the action. They usually come after a verb (the action word) or a preposition (like to, for, with).
Think about it: if someone gives something, someone else receives it. So, you might say,
She sees him
(he receives the seeing) or
Can you give the book to me?
(I receive the giving).
Finally, let's talk about our pointing words: This, That, These, Those. These are super handy for showing *where* something is and *how many* there are.
  • Use This for one thing that is close to you.
    Look at this phone.
  • Use That for one thing that is far from you.
    Is that your car?
  • Use These for many things that are close to you.
    These are my friends.
  • Use Those for many things that are far from you.
    Those flowers are beautiful.
You can use these words to point to objects, and then use pronouns to talk about them later! For instance,
Look at this book. It is good.
See how they all connect to make your English clearer?

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Mixing Subject and Object Pronouns
✗ She likes I.
✓ She likes me.
Explanation: Remember, the person *doing* the action uses a subject pronoun (she), and the person *receiving* the action uses an object pronoun (me). You can't like «I,» but you can like me.
  1. 1Using This/That with Plural Nouns
✗ This are my friends.
✓ These are my friends.
Explanation: This and that are for *one* thing (singular). When you have *many* things (plural), use these (close) or those (far).
  1. 1Confusing Near and Far Pointing Words
✗ Look at this mountain way over there!
✓ Look at that mountain way over there!
Explanation: If something is far away (like way over there), use that (for one thing) or those (for many things). Save this and these for things close to you.

Real Conversations

Dialogue 1: At a Café

A

A

Excuse me, is this my coffee?
B

B

Oh, no. That coffee is for him. Your latte is on its way!

Dialogue 2: Introducing Friends

A

A

Hi Mark! These are my friends, Emily and Tom. They just arrived.
B

B

Nice to meet them! So, you all know each other from school?

Dialogue 3: Shopping

A

A

I like this shirt. Do you think it will fit me?
B

B

Hmm, it looks a bit small. What about that one, the blue one?
A

A

Oh, yes! That looks much better. My sister likes blue too; maybe I will buy it for her.

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I choose between this and that in English?

Use this for singular items *close* to you. Use that for singular items *far* from you. For example, "This is my phone (it's in my hand), but That is your car (it's across the street)."

Q

What's the main difference between subject and object pronouns?

Subject pronouns (I, he, she, we, they) *do* the action in a sentence. Object pronouns (me, him, her, us, them) *receive* the action or come after a preposition. For example:

She (subject) saw him (object).

Q

When should I use him instead of he in English?

Use him when the person is the *receiver* of an action or when it comes after a preposition. For example,

I gave the book to him
or
She called him.
Use he when the person is *doing* the action, like
He is here.

Q

Can I use

it
to talk about a person?

Generally, no. We use it for objects, animals, or general ideas. For people, always use he or she (subject) or him or her (object). Using

it
for a person can sound very impersonal or even rude.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these pronouns and pointing words constantly in everyday chat. In informal speech, you might hear people shorten things, but the core grammar of who does what and what is where stays the same. For example, pointing with your finger when you say
this
or
that
is very common and natural!
Don't be afraid to use them often – they make your English clear and direct.

Ejemplos clave (6)

1

`I` am studying for my exam tonight.

Yo estoy estudiando para mi examen esta noche.

Pronombres Sujeto en Inglés (yo, tú, él...)
2

`You` look great in that new jacket!

¡Te ves genial con esa chaqueta nueva!

Pronombres Sujeto en Inglés (yo, tú, él...)
3

Can you help `me` with this TikTok dance?

¿Puedes ayudarme con este baile de TikTok?

Pronombres de objeto en inglés: me, you, him, her (Quién recibe la acción)
4

I'll call `you` on Zoom later tonight.

Te llamaré por Zoom más tarde esta noche.

Pronombres de objeto en inglés: me, you, him, her (Quién recibe la acción)
5

Is `this` your water bottle?

¿Es esta tu botella de agua?

Este, Ese, Estos, Esos (This, That, These, Those)
6

Look at `that` sunset!

¡Mira esa puesta de sol!

Este, Ese, Estos, Esos (This, That, These, Those)

Consejos y trucos (3)

💡

Siempre con Mayúscula 'I'

No importa dónde esté 'I' en la frase, ¡siempre va con mayúscula! Es una regla única para este pronombre, así que no lo olvides:
I love learning English.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronombres Sujeto en Inglés (yo, tú, él...)
💡

El truco de la 'O'

Piensa que el Objeto es el Resultado de la acción. ¡Casi siempre va al final! "The 'O'bject is the 'O'utcome of the action. It usually comes at the end of the sentence."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronombres de objeto en inglés: me, you, him, her (Quién recibe la acción)
🎯

La Regla del Teléfono

Cuando hablas por teléfono, siempre usas 'this' para ti y 'that' para la otra persona:
Hello, this is Alex speaking.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Este, Ese, Estos, Esos (This, That, These, Those)

Vocabulario clave (6)

me receiver of action him male receiver her female receiver this near singular those far plural they plural subject

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

Shopping for gifts

Review Summary

  • Pronoun + Verb
  • Verb + Pronoun
  • Demonstrative + Verb + Noun

Errores comunes

You should use 'I' because you are the one doing the action. 'Me' is only for receiving actions.

Wrong: Me like this book.
Correcto: I like this book.

Since he is receiving the action of being seen, you must use the object form 'him'.

Wrong: I see he.
Correcto: I see him.

Use 'This' for singular items. 'These' is only for plural items.

Wrong: These is my pen.
Correcto: This is my pen.

Next Steps

You have done an excellent job mastering these basics. Keep practicing, and you will be speaking fluently in no time!

Label items in your house using sticky notes.

Continue to: Describe tu mundo: Rutinas y acciones del momento

Práctica rápida (9)

Corrige el error en la oración.

Find and fix the mistake:

That shoes are very dirty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those shoes are very dirty.
Los zapatos son plurales. 'That' es singular. Necesitamos 'those' (lejos) o 'these' (cerca). 'Those' es la mejor corrección aquí.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Este, Ese, Estos, Esos (This, That, These, Those)

Completa el espacio para algo que tienes en la mano.

I can't believe I found ___ book in the trash!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this
Si lo encontraste y probablemente lo estás sosteniendo o mirando de cerca, usa 'this' para un objeto singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Este, Ese, Estos, Esos (This, That, These, Those)

Rellena el espacio en blanco con el pronombre objeto correcto.

I love this song! I listen to ___ every day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: it
Como 'song' es una cosa, usamos el pronombre objeto 'it'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronombres de objeto en inglés: me, you, him, her (Quién recibe la acción)

¿Qué frase usa correctamente un pronombre personal sujeto?

Elige la frase correcta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I am hungry.
'I' es el pronombre personal sujeto correcto para la primera persona del singular, realizando la acción de 'estar' hambriento.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronombres Sujeto en Inglés (yo, tú, él...)

¿Qué palabra describe correctamente varias cosas lejanas?

___ clouds look like sheep.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those
Las nubes son plurales y están lejos en el cielo, por eso usamos 'those'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Este, Ese, Estos, Esos (This, That, These, Those)

Encuentra y corrige el error en la frase.

Find and fix the mistake:

The new movie is great. They is very exciting.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The new movie is great. It is very exciting.
El pronombre 'They' es plural y se refiere a personas o cosas. 'The new movie' es una cosa singular no humana, así que 'It' es el pronombre personal sujeto correcto.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronombres Sujeto en Inglés (yo, tú, él...)

Encuentra y corrige el error.

Find and fix the mistake:

He is my friend. I like he very much.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I like him very much.
Después del verbo 'like', debemos usar el pronombre objeto 'him', no el pronombre sujeto 'he'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronombres de objeto en inglés: me, you, him, her (Quién recibe la acción)

Elige el pronombre personal sujeto correcto para completar la frase.

My sister loves to sing. ___ sings every day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She
La frase habla de 'my sister', que es una mujer. Por lo tanto, 'She' es el pronombre personal sujeto correcto.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronombres Sujeto en Inglés (yo, tú, él...)

¿Qué oración es gramaticalmente correcta?

Elige la mejor oración para un mensaje de texto:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can you help me?
'me' es el pronombre objeto usado después del verbo 'help'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronombres de objeto en inglés: me, you, him, her (Quién recibe la acción)

Score: /9

Preguntas frecuentes (6)

Un pronombre personal sujeto es una palabra (como 'I', 'he', 'they') que reemplaza a un sustantivo y realiza la acción del verbo en una frase. Es el 'quien hace' la acción.
Los usamos para no repetir sustantivos, haciendo que nuestras frases suenen más naturales y menos robóticas. Por ejemplo, en lugar de 'John went, John saw, John ate', decimos 'John went, he saw, he ate'.
Un pronombre objeto es una palabra como 'me', 'him' o 'them' que recibe la acción de un verbo o va después de una preposición. Reemplaza a un sustantivo para no tener que repetirlo.
Usa 'I' cuando tú haces la acción ('I see you'). Usa 'me' cuando la acción recae sobre ti ('You see me') o después de palabras como 'for', 'to' o 'with'.
¡Claro que sí! Puedes decir 'This is great!' para hablar de una fiesta o un proyecto en el que estás. Es como decir '¡Esto es genial!'.
'That' señala algo específico para identificarlo. 'It' se usa después de que la cosa ya ha sido identificada. Ejemplo:
Look at that! It is a massive bug!
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