A1 · مبتدئ فصل 4

Identifying People and Objects

3 القواعد الإجمالية
33 أمثلة
5 دقيقة
القواعد في هذا الفصل تدريب سريع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of pointing things out and talking about people with precision and ease.

  • Identify the correct subject to use in your sentences.
  • Use object pronouns to describe who receives an action.
  • Distinguish between near and far objects using demonstratives.
Point, name, and connect with the world around you.

ما ستتعلمه

Get ready to chat about the world around you! We'll explore how to use words like 'this' and 'that' to point things out, and understand how to talk about 'him' or 'her' correctly when they receive the action. You'll be describing everything with confidence!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Correctly use subject and object pronouns to describe social interactions.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'this', 'that', 'these', and 'those' to identify physical items in your environment.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

Ever wanted to tell someone about your new friend, or maybe point out a delicious-looking pastry in a cafe? This chapter is your trusty guide to doing just that! It's all about making your conversations clear and simple when you want to talk about people and things around you.
We're diving into the basics of English identifying people and objects for beginners, giving you the tools to chat about who is doing an action (like 'I' or 'she') and who is receiving an action (like 'me' or 'him'). Plus, you'll master those handy pointing words like this and that to show exactly what you mean. Learning these simple patterns is super important for an A1 level because it helps you build foundational sentences and express yourself easily in everyday situations.
Get ready to feel more confident as you learn English A1 grammar and describe your world with clarity!

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

Let's break down how to talk about people and things in English!
First, we have Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. These words are like the star of your sentence – they are the ones *doing* the action. For example, instead of saying
John eats an apple,
we can say
He eats an apple.
Or,
We like pizza.
They help you avoid repeating names and keep sentences smooth and natural.
Next, meet Object Pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them. These pronouns are the ones *receiving* the action. They usually come after a verb (the action word) or a preposition (like to, for, with).
Think about it: if someone gives something, someone else receives it. So, you might say,
She sees him
(he receives the seeing) or
Can you give the book to me?
(I receive the giving).
Finally, let's talk about our pointing words: This, That, These, Those. These are super handy for showing *where* something is and *how many* there are.
  • Use This for one thing that is close to you.
    Look at this phone.
  • Use That for one thing that is far from you.
    Is that your car?
  • Use These for many things that are close to you.
    These are my friends.
  • Use Those for many things that are far from you.
    Those flowers are beautiful.
You can use these words to point to objects, and then use pronouns to talk about them later! For instance,
Look at this book. It is good.
See how they all connect to make your English clearer?

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1Mixing Subject and Object Pronouns
✗ She likes I.
✓ She likes me.
Explanation: Remember, the person *doing* the action uses a subject pronoun (she), and the person *receiving* the action uses an object pronoun (me). You can't like «I,» but you can like me.
  1. 1Using This/That with Plural Nouns
✗ This are my friends.
✓ These are my friends.
Explanation: This and that are for *one* thing (singular). When you have *many* things (plural), use these (close) or those (far).
  1. 1Confusing Near and Far Pointing Words
✗ Look at this mountain way over there!
✓ Look at that mountain way over there!
Explanation: If something is far away (like way over there), use that (for one thing) or those (for many things). Save this and these for things close to you.

محادثات حقيقية

Dialogue 1: At a Café

A

A

Excuse me, is this my coffee?
B

B

Oh, no. That coffee is for him. Your latte is on its way!

Dialogue 2: Introducing Friends

A

A

Hi Mark! These are my friends, Emily and Tom. They just arrived.
B

B

Nice to meet them! So, you all know each other from school?

Dialogue 3: Shopping

A

A

I like this shirt. Do you think it will fit me?
B

B

Hmm, it looks a bit small. What about that one, the blue one?
A

A

Oh, yes! That looks much better. My sister likes blue too; maybe I will buy it for her.

أسئلة شائعة

Q

How do I choose between this and that in English?

Use this for singular items *close* to you. Use that for singular items *far* from you. For example, "This is my phone (it's in my hand), but That is your car (it's across the street)."

Q

What's the main difference between subject and object pronouns?

Subject pronouns (I, he, she, we, they) *do* the action in a sentence. Object pronouns (me, him, her, us, them) *receive* the action or come after a preposition. For example:

She (subject) saw him (object).

Q

When should I use him instead of he in English?

Use him when the person is the *receiver* of an action or when it comes after a preposition. For example,

I gave the book to him
or
She called him.
Use he when the person is *doing* the action, like
He is here.

Q

Can I use

it
to talk about a person?

Generally, no. We use it for objects, animals, or general ideas. For people, always use he or she (subject) or him or her (object). Using

it
for a person can sound very impersonal or even rude.

السياق الثقافي

Native English speakers use these pronouns and pointing words constantly in everyday chat. In informal speech, you might hear people shorten things, but the core grammar of who does what and what is where stays the same. For example, pointing with your finger when you say
this
or
that
is very common and natural!
Don't be afraid to use them often – they make your English clear and direct.

أمثلة رئيسية (6)

1

`I` am studying for my exam tonight.

أنا أدرس لامتحاني الليلة.

ضمائر الفاعل الإنجليزية (أنا، أنت، هو...)
2

`You` look great in that new jacket!

تبدو رائعًا بهذا الجاكيت الجديد!

ضمائر الفاعل الإنجليزية (أنا، أنت، هو...)
3

Can you help `me` with this TikTok dance?

هل يمكنك مساعدتي في رقصة تيك توك هذه؟

ضمائر المفعول به في الإنجليزية: me, you, him, her (تلقي الفعل)
4

I'll call `you` on Zoom later tonight.

سأتصل بك على زووم الليلة.

ضمائر المفعول به في الإنجليزية: me, you, him, her (تلقي الفعل)
5

Is `this` your water bottle?

هل هذه زجاجة مائك؟

هذا وتلك (This, That, These, Those): أسماء الإشارة
6

Look at `that` sunset!

انظر إلى غروب الشمس ذاك!

هذا وتلك (This, That, These, Those): أسماء الإشارة

نصائح وحيل (3)

💡

الـ 'I' دايماً كبيرة

تخيل إنك بتكتب رسالة مهمة، دايماً خلي بالك إن حرف الـ 'I' (أنا) بيتكتب بحرف كبير، في أي مكان في الجملة. هي قاعدة فريدة لهذا الضمير، فما تنساش!
I am learning English.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمائر الفاعل الإنجليزية (أنا، أنت، هو...)
💡

خدعة حرف الـ 'O'

تذكر أن الـ Object (المفعول به) هو نتيجة الفعل. وعادة ما يأتي في نهاية الجملة: I see him.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمائر المفعول به في الإنجليزية: me, you, him, her (تلقي الفعل)
🎯

قاعدة التليفون

لما تتكلم في التليفون، دايماً استخدم this عشان تقدم نفسك (This is John) وthat عشان تسأل عن الشخص التاني (
Is that you, Mary?
).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: هذا وتلك (This, That, These, Those): أسماء الإشارة

المفردات الرئيسية (6)

me receiver of action him male receiver her female receiver this near singular those far plural they plural subject

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

Shopping for gifts

Review Summary

  • Pronoun + Verb
  • Verb + Pronoun
  • Demonstrative + Verb + Noun

أخطاء شائعة

You should use 'I' because you are the one doing the action. 'Me' is only for receiving actions.

Wrong: Me like this book.
صحيح: I like this book.

Since he is receiving the action of being seen, you must use the object form 'him'.

Wrong: I see he.
صحيح: I see him.

Use 'This' for singular items. 'These' is only for plural items.

Wrong: These is my pen.
صحيح: This is my pen.

Next Steps

You have done an excellent job mastering these basics. Keep practicing, and you will be speaking fluently in no time!

Label items in your house using sticky notes.

Continue to: تحدث عن عالمك: كيف تصف يومك وأفعالك بكل ثقة

تدريب سريع (9)

صحح الخطأ في الجملة.

Find and fix the mistake:

That shoes are very dirty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those shoes are very dirty.
Shoes جمع. That مفرد. نحتاج those (بعيد) أو these (قريب). Those هو أفضل تصحيح متوفر.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: هذا وتلك (This, That, These, Those): أسماء الإشارة

املأ الفراغ بضمير المفعول به الصحيح.

I love this song! I listen to ___ every day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: it
بما أن 'song' شيء، نستخدم ضمير المفعول به 'it'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمائر المفعول به في الإنجليزية: me, you, him, her (تلقي الفعل)

أي كلمة تصف بشكل صحيح أشياء متعددة بعيدة؟

___ clouds look like sheep.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those
Clouds جمع وبعيدة في السماء، لذا نستخدم those.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: هذا وتلك (This, That, These, Those): أسماء الإشارة

اختر الجملة الصحيحة:

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I am hungry.
I هو الضمير الفاعل الصحيح للمتكلم المفرد، وهو اللي بيقوم بفعل «أن تكون» جائعًا.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمائر الفاعل الإنجليزية (أنا، أنت، هو...)

أي جملة صحيحة نحوياً؟

Choose the best sentence for a text message:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can you help me?
'me' هو ضمير المفعول به المستخدم بعد الفعل 'help'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمائر المفعول به في الإنجليزية: me, you, him, her (تلقي الفعل)

ابحث عن الخطأ وصححه.

Find and fix the mistake:

He is my friend. I like he very much.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I like him very much.
بعد الفعل 'like'، يجب أن نستخدم ضمير المفعول به 'him'، وليس ضمير الفاعل 'he'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمائر المفعول به في الإنجليزية: me, you, him, her (تلقي الفعل)

املأ الفراغ لشيء تمسكه بيدك.

I can't believe I found ___ book in the trash!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this
إذا وجدته وعلى الأرجح تمسكه أو تنظر إليه عن كثب، استخدم this لشيء مفرد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: هذا وتلك (This, That, These, Those): أسماء الإشارة

ابحث عن الخطأ في الجملة وصححه.

Find and fix the mistake:

The new movie is great. They is very exciting.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The new movie is great. It is very exciting.
الضمير 'They' جمع ويشير لأشخاص أو أشياء متعددة. 'The new movie' هو شيء مفرد غير عاقل، لذا 'It' هو الضمير الفاعل الصحيح.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمائر الفاعل الإنجليزية (أنا، أنت، هو...)

اختر الضمير الفاعل الصحيح لإكمال الجملة.

My sister loves to sing. ___ sings every day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She
الجملة تتحدث عن 'أختي'، وهي مؤنث. لذلك، 'She' هو الضمير الفاعل الصحيح.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمائر الفاعل الإنجليزية (أنا، أنت، هو...)

Score: /9

أسئلة شائعة (6)

الضمير الفاعل هو كلمة (مثل I, he, they) بتحل محل اسم وبتنفذ الفعل في الجملة. هو «الفاعل» اللي بيعمل الحركة.
He eats an apple.
بنستخدمها عشان ما نكررش الأسماء، وده بيخلي جملنا تبدو طبيعية أكتر ومو سلسة. مثلاً، بدل ما نقول «جون راح، جون شاف، جون أكل»، بنقول «جون راح، هو شاف، هو أكل». He saw her.
ضمير المفعول به هو كلمة مثل me، him، أو them تتلقى فعل الفعل أو تأتي بعد حرف جر. إنه يحل محل الاسم لكي لا نكرره.
استخدم I عندما تكون أنت من يقوم بالفعل (I see you). استخدم me عندما يقع الفعل عليك (You see me) أو بعد كلمات مثل for، to، أو with.
نعم! ممكن تقول This is great! لما تتكلم عن حفلة أو مشروع أنت فيه الحين.
that تشير لشيء معين عشان تحدده. it تستخدم بعد ما الشيء يكون معروف خلاص. مثال:
Look at that! It is a massive bug!
الفصل السابق
تسمية عالمك: الأسماء والجمع والملكية
الفصل التالي
تحدث عن عالمك: كيف تصف يومك وأفعالك بكل ثقة
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