A1 · مبتدی فصل 4

کی به کیه؟ چی به چیه؟ معرفی آدما و اشیاء

3 مجموع قواعد
33 مثال‌ها
5 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of pointing things out and talking about people with precision and ease.

  • Identify the correct subject to use in your sentences.
  • Use object pronouns to describe who receives an action.
  • Distinguish between near and far objects using demonstratives.
Point, name, and connect with the world around you.

چی یاد می‌گیری

سلام دوست من! آماده‌ای که یه قدم بزرگ توی یادگیری انگلیسی برداری؟ توی این فصل قراره یاد بگیری چطوری خیلی راحت درباره دنیای اطرافت حرف بزنی و به هر چیزی که می‌بینی اشاره کنی. اول از همه با «ضمایر فاعلی» مثل I, You, He و غیره آشنا می‌شیم که پایه و اساس هر جمله‌ای هستن و بهت می‌گن کی داره کار رو انجام میده. بعدش می‌ریم سراغ «ضمایر مفعولی» مثل me, her یا them؛ اینا وقتایی به کارت میان که می‌خوای بگی یه اتفاقی برای کی افتاده یا کی چیزی رو دریافت کرده. مثلاً اگه بخوای توی یه کافه بگی «قهوه رو به من بده»، حتماً به این کلمات نیاز داری! در آخر هم یاد می‌گیری چطوری با کلمات اشاره مثل This و That، به چیزایی که دورت هستن (چه نزدیک باشن چه دور) اشاره کنی. تصور کن توی یه مغازه ایستادی و می‌خوای بگی «این لباس رو می‌خوام» یا «اون کفش‌ها قشنگن»؛ بعد از این فصل، دقیقاً می‌دونی باید چی بگی. این درس‌ها مثل قطعه‌های پازل به هم وصل می‌شن تا تو بتونی با اعتمادبه‌نفس کامل درباره آدما و اشیاء صحبت کنی. اصلاً نگران نباش، این بخش خیلی ساده‌تر و جذاب‌تر از اون چیزیه که فکر می‌کنی. بزن بریم که شروع کنیم!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Correctly use subject and object pronouns to describe social interactions.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'this', 'that', 'these', and 'those' to identify physical items in your environment.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Ever wanted to tell someone about your new friend, or maybe point out a delicious-looking pastry in a cafe? This chapter is your trusty guide to doing just that! It's all about making your conversations clear and simple when you want to talk about people and things around you.
We're diving into the basics of English identifying people and objects for beginners, giving you the tools to chat about who is doing an action (like 'I' or 'she') and who is receiving an action (like 'me' or 'him'). Plus, you'll master those handy pointing words like this and that to show exactly what you mean. Learning these simple patterns is super important for an A1 level because it helps you build foundational sentences and express yourself easily in everyday situations.
Get ready to feel more confident as you learn English A1 grammar and describe your world with clarity!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

Let's break down how to talk about people and things in English!
First, we have Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. These words are like the star of your sentence – they are the ones *doing* the action. For example, instead of saying
John eats an apple,
we can say
He eats an apple.
Or,
We like pizza.
They help you avoid repeating names and keep sentences smooth and natural.
Next, meet Object Pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them. These pronouns are the ones *receiving* the action. They usually come after a verb (the action word) or a preposition (like to, for, with).
Think about it: if someone gives something, someone else receives it. So, you might say,
She sees him
(he receives the seeing) or
Can you give the book to me?
(I receive the giving).
Finally, let's talk about our pointing words: This, That, These, Those. These are super handy for showing *where* something is and *how many* there are.
  • Use This for one thing that is close to you.
    Look at this phone.
  • Use That for one thing that is far from you.
    Is that your car?
  • Use These for many things that are close to you.
    These are my friends.
  • Use Those for many things that are far from you.
    Those flowers are beautiful.
You can use these words to point to objects, and then use pronouns to talk about them later! For instance,
Look at this book. It is good.
See how they all connect to make your English clearer?

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1Mixing Subject and Object Pronouns
✗ She likes I.
✓ She likes me.
Explanation: Remember, the person *doing* the action uses a subject pronoun (she), and the person *receiving* the action uses an object pronoun (me). You can't like «I,» but you can like me.
  1. 1Using This/That with Plural Nouns
✗ This are my friends.
✓ These are my friends.
Explanation: This and that are for *one* thing (singular). When you have *many* things (plural), use these (close) or those (far).
  1. 1Confusing Near and Far Pointing Words
✗ Look at this mountain way over there!
✓ Look at that mountain way over there!
Explanation: If something is far away (like way over there), use that (for one thing) or those (for many things). Save this and these for things close to you.

مکالمات واقعی

Dialogue 1: At a Café

A

A

Excuse me, is this my coffee?
B

B

Oh, no. That coffee is for him. Your latte is on its way!

Dialogue 2: Introducing Friends

A

A

Hi Mark! These are my friends, Emily and Tom. They just arrived.
B

B

Nice to meet them! So, you all know each other from school?

Dialogue 3: Shopping

A

A

I like this shirt. Do you think it will fit me?
B

B

Hmm, it looks a bit small. What about that one, the blue one?
A

A

Oh, yes! That looks much better. My sister likes blue too; maybe I will buy it for her.

سؤالات رایج

Q

How do I choose between this and that in English?

Use this for singular items *close* to you. Use that for singular items *far* from you. For example, "This is my phone (it's in my hand), but That is your car (it's across the street)."

Q

What's the main difference between subject and object pronouns?

Subject pronouns (I, he, she, we, they) *do* the action in a sentence. Object pronouns (me, him, her, us, them) *receive* the action or come after a preposition. For example:

She (subject) saw him (object).

Q

When should I use him instead of he in English?

Use him when the person is the *receiver* of an action or when it comes after a preposition. For example,

I gave the book to him
or
She called him.
Use he when the person is *doing* the action, like
He is here.

Q

Can I use

it
to talk about a person?

Generally, no. We use it for objects, animals, or general ideas. For people, always use he or she (subject) or him or her (object). Using

it
for a person can sound very impersonal or even rude.

بافت فرهنگی

Native English speakers use these pronouns and pointing words constantly in everyday chat. In informal speech, you might hear people shorten things, but the core grammar of who does what and what is where stays the same. For example, pointing with your finger when you say
this
or
that
is very common and natural!
Don't be afraid to use them often – they make your English clear and direct.

مثال‌های کلیدی (6)

1

`I` am so tired today.

من امروز خیلی خسته‌ام.

ضمایر فاعلی انگلیسی (من، تو، او...)
2

`You` look great in that photo!

تو تو اون عکس عالی به نظر میای!

ضمایر فاعلی انگلیسی (من، تو، او...)
3

Can you help `me` with this TikTok dance?

میشه کمکم کنی این رقص تیک‌تاک رو یاد بگیرم؟

ضمایر مفعولی انگلیسی: me, you, him, her (دریافت‌کننده عمل)
4

I'll call `you` on Zoom later tonight.

امشب بهت زنگ می‌زنم تو زوم.

ضمایر مفعولی انگلیسی: me, you, him, her (دریافت‌کننده عمل)
5

Is `this` your water bottle?

این قمقمه توئه؟

این و آن (This, That, These, Those): ضمایر اشاره
6

Look at `that` sunset!

اون غروب آفتاب رو نگاه کن!

این و آن (This, That, These, Those): ضمایر اشاره

نکات و ترفندها (3)

⚠️

حواست به حرف بزرگ باشه!

هیچ‌وقت 'i' رو با حرف کوچیک ننویس. همیشه 'I' هست، حتی اگه وسط جمله باشه. اینجوری شلخته به نظر میای!
My brother and I are going out.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمایر فاعلی انگلیسی (من، تو، او...)
💡

ترفند حرف "O"

یادت باشه که حرف O توی کلمه Object (مفعول)، مثل Outcome (نتیجه) عمل میمونه. معمولاً آخر جمله میاد: She saw him.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمایر مفعولی انگلیسی: me, you, him, her (دریافت‌کننده عمل)
🎯

قانون تلفن

وقتی تلفن میزنی، برای خودت میگی This is John و برای کسی که اونور خطه میپرسی
Is that you, Mary?
. یادته؟
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: این و آن (This, That, These, Those): ضمایر اشاره

واژگان کلیدی (6)

me receiver of action him male receiver her female receiver this near singular those far plural they plural subject

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

Shopping for gifts

Review Summary

  • Pronoun + Verb
  • Verb + Pronoun
  • Demonstrative + Verb + Noun

اشتباهات رایج

You should use 'I' because you are the one doing the action. 'Me' is only for receiving actions.

Wrong: Me like this book.
صحیح: I like this book.

Since he is receiving the action of being seen, you must use the object form 'him'.

Wrong: I see he.
صحیح: I see him.

Use 'This' for singular items. 'These' is only for plural items.

Wrong: These is my pen.
صحیح: This is my pen.

Next Steps

You have done an excellent job mastering these basics. Keep practicing, and you will be speaking fluently in no time!

Label items in your house using sticky notes.

Continue to: Describing Your World and Actions

تمرین سریع (9)

جای خالی رو با ضمیر مفعولی درست پر کن.

I love this song! I listen to ___ every day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: it
چون 'song' یه چیزه، از ضمیر مفعولی 'it' استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمایر مفعولی انگلیسی: me, you, him, her (دریافت‌کننده عمل)

جای خالی رو برای چیزی که تو دستته پر کن.

I can't believe I found ___ book in the trash!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this
اگه پیداش کردی و داری تو دستت گرفتی یا بهش خیلی نزدیک نگاه می‌کنی، برای یه چیز مفرد از 'this' استفاده کن.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: این و آن (This, That, These, Those): ضمایر اشاره

اشتباه رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

My phone it is broken.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My phone is broken.
تو انگلیسی، فاعل رو دوبار تکرار نمی‌کنیم. یا اسم رو استفاده کن یا ضمیر رو، نه هر دو رو.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمایر فاعلی انگلیسی (من، تو، او...)

اشتباه جمله رو درست کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

That shoes are very dirty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those shoes are very dirty.
کفش‌ها جمعن. 'That' مفرده. ما به 'those' (دور) یا 'these' (نزدیک) نیاز داریم. 'those' بهترین گزینه برای درست کردنشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: این و آن (This, That, These, Those): ضمایر اشاره

کدوم کلمه چند تا چیز دور رو درست توصیف می‌کنه؟

___ clouds look like sheep.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those
ابرها جمعن و توی آسمون ازت دورن، پس 'those' استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: این و آن (This, That, These, Those): ضمایر اشاره

بهترین جمله رو برای یه پیام متنی انتخاب کن.

Choose the best sentence for a text message:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can you help me?
'me' ضمیر مفعولی هست که بعد از فعل 'help' استفاده میشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمایر مفعولی انگلیسی: me, you, him, her (دریافت‌کننده عمل)

جای خالی رو با ضمیر درست پر کن.

___ am going to the gym now.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I
ما از 'I' به عنوان ضمیر فاعلی برای اول شخص مفرد استفاده می‌کنیم و همیشه باید با حرف بزرگ نوشته بشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمایر فاعلی انگلیسی (من، تو، او...)

اشتباه رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

He is my friend. I like he very much.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I like him very much.
بعد از فعل 'like'، باید از ضمیر مفعولی 'him' استفاده کنیم، نه ضمیر فاعلی 'he'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمایر مفعولی انگلیسی: me, you, him, her (دریافت‌کننده عمل)

کدوم جمله درسته؟

جمله از نظر گرامری درست رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He and I are friends.
وقتی چند تا فاعل داریم، همیشه از ضمایر فاعلی (He, I) استفاده کن و برای ادب خودت رو آخر بگو.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ضمایر فاعلی انگلیسی (من، تو، او...)

Score: /9

سوالات رایج (6)

آره! تو انگلیسی، ما برای یه نفر یا میلیون‌ها نفر، همون کلمه 'you' رو به کار می‌بریم. فعلش هم عوض نمیشه: You are.
از نظر فنی آره اگه جنسیتش رو ندونی، ولی اکثر آدما اینو بی‌ادبی می‌دونن. بهتره از 'they' استفاده کنی یا بپرسی 'Is it a boy or a girl?'.
ضمیر مفعولی کلمه‌ای مثل me یا him هست که عمل رو «دریافت» می‌کنه یا بعد از حرف اضافه میاد. I saw him.
وقتی «تو» داری کاری رو انجام میدی، میگی I (I see you). وقتی عمل روی «تو» انجام میشه یا بعد از for, to, with میاد، از me استفاده کن (You see me).
آره! خیلی طبیعیه. مثلاً اگه توی یه مهمونی هستی یا پروژه‌ای داری، میتونی بگی: This is great!
'that' به یه چیز خاص اشاره میکنه تا شناساییش کنی. 'it' وقتی استفاده میشه که اون چیز قبلاً مشخص شده. مثلاً:
Look at that! It is a massive bug!
فصل قبلی
Naming Things and People
فصل بعدی
Describing Your World and Actions
برگشت به نقشه راه