A1 Pronouns 4 min read آسان

این و آن (This, That, These, Those): ضمایر اشاره

این کلمات مثل انگشت اشاره میمونن. باهاشون به چیزا اشاره می‌کنی. مهم اینه که چقدر «نزدیک» یا «دور» باشن و چند «تعداد» ازشون باشه.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'this' and 'these' for things close to you, and 'that' and 'those' for things further away.

  • Use 'this' for one thing nearby: 'This apple is sweet.'
  • Use 'that' for one thing far away: 'That car is fast.'
  • Use 'these' (near) and 'those' (far) for more than one item: 'Those stars are bright.'
☝️ (Near/1) This | ☝️☝️ (Near/2+) These | 👉 (Far/1) That | 👉👉 (Far/2+) Those

مرور کلی

تا حالا شده توی شیرینی‌فروشی بخوای یه شیرینی خاص رو سفارش بدی ولی اسمش یادت رفته باشه؟ احتمالا فقط بهش اشاره کردی و گفتی: «من اونو می‌خوام.» ما هر روز این کار رو انجام می‌دیم. اشاره کردن، کاربردی‌ترین ترفند انسان‌ها برای ارتباط گرفتنه.
توی انگلیسی، ما از چهار کلمه خاص به اسم ضمایر اشاره استفاده می‌کنیم تا به جای ما اشاره کنن. این کلمه‌ها this، that، these و those هستن. اونا موقع خرید آنلاین، پیام دادن به دوستات درباره یه تیک‌تاک عجیب، یا معرفی هم‌اتاقیت به پدر و مادرت، بهترین دوستات هستن.
بدون اونا، باید کلی وقت صرف توصیف چیزها می‌کردی. فکر کن به جای اینکه بگی
This phone is ringing.
(این گوشی داره زنگ می‌خوره)، بگی «گوشی‌ای که الان توی دست منه داره زنگ می‌خوره.» شبیه ربات‌های فیلم‌های علمی-تخیلی دهه ۷۰ به نظر می‌رسیدی.
ضمایر اشاره دو تا چیز رو به ما می‌گن: اینکه یه چیزی کجاست و چند تا ازش وجود داره. بهشون مثل یه GPS برای جمله‌هات نگاه کن. اونا فاصله بین تو (گوینده) و جسم رو دنبال می‌کنن.
اگه بتونی لمسش کنی، معمولا this هست. اگه مجبوری برای گرفتنش تا اون سر اتاق بری، احتمالا that هست. اونا حساب‌کتاب هم بلدن.
انگلیسی روی مفرد و جمع بودن خیلی حساسه. نمی‌تونی از همون کلمه‌ای که برای یک پیتزا استفاده می‌کنی، برای پنج تا پیتزا استفاده کنی. سیستم ساده‌ایه، اما پایه و اساس اینه که توی دنیای واقعی منظورت رو بفهمن.
چه توی یه مصاحبه کاری باشی، چه فقط توی دیسکورد با دوستات گپ بزنی، این چهار تا کلمه بار اصلی رو به دوش می‌کشن.

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

منطقش یه جدول ۲ در ۲ ساده‌ست. باید دو تا سوال از خودت بپرسی. سوال اول: بهم نزدیکه یا ازم دوره؟ سوال دوم: یکی‌یه یا بیشتر از یکی؟
  • فاصله فیزیکی: این رایج‌ترین کاربردشه. اگه لیوان استارباکست دستته، می‌شه this coffee. اگه دوستت اون طرف میز لیوانش رو نگه داشته، می‌شه that coffee.
  • فاصله زمانی: ما از این‌ها برای زمان هم استفاده می‌کنیم! اتفاقاتی که الان یا خیلی زود می‌فتن از this استفاده می‌کنن.
    This week is crazy!
    (این هفته دیوانه‌کننده‌ست!). اتفاقاتی که توی گذشته افتادن از that استفاده می‌کنن.
    That party last Saturday was legendary.
    (اون مهمونی شنبه گذشته افسانه‌ای بود.)
  • فاصله احساسی: گاهی اوقات از that استفاده می‌کنیم تا از چیزی که دوست نداریم فاصله بگیریم. "I don't like that guy's vibe.« (از فاز اون پسره خوشم نمیاد). اینجوری اون فرد دورتر از »this guy" به نظر میاد، که ممکنه درست بغل دستت ایستاده باشه.
راستی یه جوک بگیم؟ چرا دانش‌آموز به بشقاب خالی اشاره کرد؟ چون اون ساندویچ نامرئی رو (that) می‌خواست! خب، بهتره بچسبم به گرامر.

الگوی ساخت

1
یاد گرفتن حالت‌ها مثل یاد گرفتن یه رقص ساده‌ست. کلا ۴ تا حرکت هست که باید یادت بمونه.
2
مفرد + نزدیک: از this استفاده کن. (مثال: this laptop on my desk).
3
مفرد + دور: از that استفاده کن. (مثال: that plane in the sky).
4
جمع + نزدیک: از these استفاده کن. (مثال: these notifications on my screen).
5
جمع + دور: از those استفاده کن. (مثال: those mountains in the distance).
6
Conjugation Table (Agreement)
7
Number | Near | Far
8
--- | --- | ---
9
Singular | this | that
10
Plural | these | those
11
برخلاف زبان‌هایی مثل فرانسوی یا اسپانیایی، ضمایر اشاره انگلیسی به جنسیت (مذکر و مونث) اهمیت نمی‌دن. لازم نیست نگران باشی که یه میز «مرده» یا «زن». فقط برات مهمه که یه دونه میز هست یا یه نمایشگاه کامل ایکیا پر از میز.

کی استفاده کنیم

این‌ها رو همه جا استفاده می‌کنی. بیا چند تا سناریوی مدرن رو ببینیم.
  • پشت تلفن: وقتی به یه شماره ناشناس جواب می‌دی، می‌گی:
    Hello, this is [Your Name].
    برای اینکه بپرسی کی پشت خطه، می‌گی:
    Who is that?
  • شبکه‌های اجتماعی: اگه داری یه میم (meme) رو توی گروه چت می‌فرستی، ممکنه بنویسی:
    This is so me!
    (این دقیقا منم!).
  • خرید آنلاین: داری توی آمازون می‌چرخی؟ ممکنه به هم‌اتاقیت بگی: "I really want those headphones, but they're so expensive." (من واقعا اون هدفون‌ها رو می‌خوام، ولی خیلی گرونن.)
  • معرفی کردن افراد: وقتی توی یه مهمونی هستی، به دوستت اشاره می‌کنی و می‌گی:
    This is Sarah.
    وقتی برای بار اول کسی رو توی یک فضای فیزیکی معرفی می‌کنی، نمی‌گی She is Sarah.
  • سفارش غذا: جلوی یه فودتراک (ماشین غذا) ایستادی؟ به منو اشاره کن و بگو: "I'll have this taco and that burrito, please." (لطفا این تاکو و اون بوریتو رو برای من بیارید.)
نکته حرفه‌ای: اگه داری سفر می‌کنی و کلمه «هشت‌پا» رو توی یه بازار محلی بلد نیستی، فقط اشاره کن و بگو
That, please.
(لطفا اون). این کار جون آدم رو نجات می‌ده (و جلوی گرسنگی رو می‌گیره).

اشتباهات رایج

با اینکه گرامر سطح A1 هست، ولی مردم همیشه سوتی می‌دن.
  1. 1قاطی کردن مفرد و جمع: این اشتباه شماره یکه. مردم می‌گن
    this shoes
    به جای
    these shoes.
    یادت باشه: this تنهایی رو دوست داره (مفرده). these عاشق شلوغیه (جمعه).
  2. 2تله It: استفاده از it وقتی که باید از this استفاده کنی. اگه داری یه ایده رو معرفی می‌کنی یا مکالمه رو شروع می‌کنی، با this شروع کن.
    This is a great idea!
    خیلی بهتر از
    It is a great idea!
    هست وقتی داری برای اولین بار مطرحش می‌کنی.
  3. 3تلفظ: کلمه this (ی کوتاه مثل 'fish') و these (ای کشیده مثل 'cheese'). اگه اشتباه تلفظشون کنی، ممکنه مردم بابت تعداد چیزهایی که درباره‌شون حرف می‌زنی گیج بشن.
  4. 4استفاده بیش از حد از That: برای چیزهایی که همین الان توی دستته از that استفاده نکن. اینجوری به نظر میاد که از اون جسم می‌ترسی.
    What is that?
    (درحالی که به دست خودت اشاره می‌کنی) طوری به نظر میاد که انگار یه حشره پیدا کردی. بگو
    What is this?

مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه

این‌ها چه فرقی با بقیه کلمات «اشاره‌گر» مثل it ، here و there دارن؟

This/That در مقابل It: کلمات this و that مشخص‌تر هستن. اونا به یه چیز خاص توی فضا اشاره می‌کنن. it کلی‌تره و وقتی استفاده می‌شه که دیگه می‌دونیم داریم درباره چی حرف می‌زنیم.
Look at this dog! It is so cute.
(از this برای اشاره استفاده کن، بعد از it برای ادامه حرف زدن).
This/That در مقابل Here/There: کلمات here و there قید مکان هستن. اونا جای اسم رو نمی‌گیرن؛ بلکه موقعیت رو توصیف می‌کنن.
My phone is here.
(موقعیت)
This is my phone.
(شناسایی/معرفی)
These در مقابل Those توی داستان‌ها: موقع تعریف کردن یه داستان، these جوریه که انگار اتفاقات همین الان دارن می‌فتن. those حس «اون قدیما» یا «اون روزای خوب» رو می‌ده.

سؤالات رایج

Q

Can I use this for people?

ج: بله! ولی بیشتر برای معرفی کردن یا شناسایی کردن کسی توی عکس.
This is my brother.
Q

Do I always have to use a noun after them?

ج: نه. اونا می‌تونن به تنهایی به عنوان ضمیر بیان:
I like this.
یا می‌تونن صفت باشن:
I like this song.
Q

Is it rude to point?

ج: توی بعضی فرهنگ‌ها بله! اما استفاده از کلمه‌های this و that کاملا مودبانه‌ست. فقط شاید اگه توی یه رستوران شیک هستی، به جای یک انگشت، با کل دستت اشاره کنی بهتر باشه.

ترفند حافظه

به حروف دقت کن!

- THIS یه حرف I داره. کلا 1 دونه I وجود داره. پس this برای 1 چیزه.

- THESE کلی حرف E داره. پس برای چیزهای اضافه (Extra) یا همون جمع هست.

- THAT و THOSE؟ اگه با T-H شروع می‌شه و طولانی‌تره، یعنی دوره. (قبول دارم این یکی یکم الکی بود، ولی خب، ممکنه برات جواب بده!)

مکالمات واقعی

Scenario 1: At a Clothing Store

م

مشتری

ببخشید، قیمت these شلوار جین‌ها چنده؟
ف

فروشنده

Those که روی رگاله؟ ۵۰ دلاره.
م

مشتری

نه، this جفتی که توی دستمه.
ف

فروشنده

اوه! Those توی حراجه و ۳۰ دلاره.

Scenario 2: Watching Netflix

س

سام

this سریال رو دیدی؟
ا

الکس

کدوم؟ That مستند درباره ببرها؟
س

سام

نه، this ریالیتی‌شوی جدید که روی صفحه اصلیه.

تمرین پیشرونده

1

همین الان به دور و بر اتاقت نگاه کن. ۵ تا چیز رو لمس کن و بگو

...This is my

2

از پنجره به بیرون نگاه کن. به ۳ تا چیز در دوردست اشاره کن و بگو

...That is a

3

اپلیکیشن عکس‌هات رو باز کن. یه عکس دسته‌جمعی پیدا کن. اشاره کن و بگو

.These are my friends

4

تصور کن توی یه فروشگاه تکنولوژی هستی. قیمت لپ‌تاپی که اون طرف اتاقه رو بپرس:

?How much is that

5

این جمله رو اصلاح کن:

.I love this movies
(صبر کن، متوجه شدی؟ باید بشه these movies!)

The Demonstrative Grid

Distance Singular (1) Plural (2+)
Near (Close)
This
These
Far (Distant)
That
Those

Common Contractions

Full Form Contraction Usage Note
That is
That's
Very common in speech
This is
None
Rarely contracted in writing
These are
None
Never contracted
Those are
None
Never contracted

Meanings

Words used to point to specific people or things in relation to the speaker in space or time.

1

Physical Distance

Pointing to objects based on their physical proximity to the speaker.

“This chair is comfortable.”

“That mountain is very high.”

2

Time Reference

Referring to events happening now or in the past/future.

“This week is very busy.”

“That was a great party last night.”

3

Introduction/Identification

Identifying people or things, often on the phone or when introducing someone.

“Hi, this is Sarah speaking.”

“Mom, this is my friend, Alex.”

Reference Table

Reference table for این و آن (This, That, These, Those): ضمایر اشاره
کلمه اشاره تعداد فاصله مثال
this
مفرد
نزدیک
This is my phone.
that
مفرد
دور
That is a bird.
these
جمع
نزدیک
These are my keys.
those
جمع
دور
Those are stars.
this (adjective)
مفرد
نزدیک
I like this song.
those (adjective)
جمع
دور
Look at those trees.

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Could you tell me what this item is?

Could you tell me what this item is? (Shopping or curiosity)

خنثی
What is this?

What is this? (Shopping or curiosity)

غیر رسمی
What's this?

What's this? (Shopping or curiosity)

عامیانه
What's this thingy?

What's this thingy? (Shopping or curiosity)

دنیای کلمات اشاره

کلمات اشاره

نزدیک تو

  • this مفرد
  • these جمع

دور از تو

  • that مفرد
  • those جمع

مقایسه مفرد و جمع

مفرد (1)
this نزدیک
that دور
جمع (2+)
these نزدیک
those دور

کدوم کلمه رو استفاده کنم؟

1

آیا فقط یه چیزه؟

YES
برو به 'فاصله'
NO
برو به 'فاصله (جمع)'
2

بهت نزدیکه؟

YES
از THIS استفاده کن
NO
از THAT استفاده کن
3

نزدیکه (جمع)؟

YES
از THESE استفاده کن
NO ↓

سناریوهای استفاده روزمره

📱

تلفن

  • This is Mark speaking.
  • Who is that?

کافه

  • I'll have this muffin.
  • That latte looks good.
📸

شبکه‌های اجتماعی

  • Look at these comments!
  • Those filters are weird.

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

This is my cat.

This is my cat.

2

That is a big tree.

That is a big tree.

3

These are my friends.

These are my friends.

4

Are those your keys?

Are those your keys?

1

This coffee is very hot.

This coffee is very hot.

2

I don't like that movie.

I don't like that movie.

3

These sandwiches are delicious.

These sandwiches are delicious.

4

Who are those people over there?

Who are those people over there?

1

This is exactly what I was talking about.

This is exactly what I was talking about.

2

That was a difficult time for everyone.

That was a difficult time for everyone.

3

These rules are quite confusing.

These rules are quite confusing.

4

Those who finish early can leave.

Those who finish early can leave.

1

This new policy will affect all employees.

This new policy will affect all employees.

2

That is a very interesting point you've raised.

That is a very interesting point you've raised.

3

These findings suggest a need for further research.

These findings suggest a need for further research.

4

Those arguments are simply not valid in this context.

Those arguments are simply not valid in this context.

1

This brings us to the final conclusion of the report.

This brings us to the final conclusion of the report.

2

That the economy is failing is a common misconception.

That the economy is failing is a common misconception.

3

These are not merely suggestions; they are requirements.

These are not merely suggestions; they are requirements.

4

Those present at the meeting agreed to the terms.

Those present at the meeting agreed to the terms.

1

This, then, is the crux of the matter.

This, then, is the crux of the matter.

2

I simply cannot stand that constant whistling of his.

I simply cannot stand that constant whistling of his.

3

These are but a few of the challenges we face.

These are but a few of the challenges we face.

4

Those were the days of wine and roses.

Those were the days of wine and roses.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

This, That, These, Those: Pointing Words در مقابل This vs. It

Learners use 'it' to point to things for the first time.

This, That, These, Those: Pointing Words در مقابل That vs. Which

In relative clauses, learners aren't sure which one to use.

This, That, These, Those: Pointing Words در مقابل Those vs. They

Using 'they' to point to specific objects.

اشتباهات رایج

This books are good.

These books are good.

You must use 'these' for plural nouns.

That is my keys.

Those are my keys.

Keys are plural, so use 'those' and 'are'.

Look at this!

Look at that!

If you are pointing to something far away, use 'that'.

I like these cake.

I like this cake.

Cake is singular here, so use 'this'.

In that days, life was hard.

In those days, life was hard.

Days is plural, so 'those' is required.

Who is that?

Who is this?

When introducing someone standing right next to you, use 'this'.

This is a good news.

This is good news.

News is uncountable, so 'a' is not used, but 'this' is correct.

That people are waiting.

Those people are waiting.

People is a plural noun.

This was a great party last week.

That was a great party last week.

Use 'that' for past events.

Those present at the meeting was...

Those present at the meeting were...

Subject-verb agreement with the plural 'those'.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Is this ___?

I like those ___.

This is my friend, ___.

That was a ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Shopping at a Mall constant

How much is this shirt?

Ordering at a Bakery very common

I'll take two of those croissants, please.

Phone Conversations very common

Hi, this is Mark. Is that Sarah?

Job Interview common

This experience helped me develop leadership skills.

Social Media very common

Check out this video! That was so funny.

Giving Directions common

Go past that building and turn left.

🎯

قانون تلفن

وقتی تلفن میزنی، برای خودت میگی This is John و برای کسی که اونور خطه میپرسی
Is that you, Mary?
. یادته؟
⚠️

حواست به 'S' باشه!

اگه 'these' یا 'those' استفاده کردی، اسم بعدش حتماً باید جمع باشه (مثل 'these apples').
💬

آداب معرفی کردن

توی انگلیسی، حتی اگه کسی بزرگتر یا مهمتر باشه، میگی
This is my friend
تا معرفیش کنی. اینجوری رسمی و قشنگه.

Smart Tips

If you are touching the item, use 'this'. If the shopkeeper has to get it for you, use 'that'.

I want that shirt (holding the shirt). I want this shirt (holding the shirt).

Always use 'these are' even if you are introducing them one by one as a group.

This is my parents. These are my parents.

Use 'that' to show you were listening to their past experience.

This was a crazy story! That was a crazy story!

Use 'this thing' or 'that thing' while pointing. It's a perfect survival strategy!

(Silence because you forgot the word 'stapler') Can I use this thing?

تلفظ

/ðɪs/, /ðæt/, /ðiːz/, /ðəʊz/

The 'TH' sound

All four words start with the voiced 'th' sound /ð/. Your tongue should be between your teeth.

This /ðɪs/ vs These /ðiːz/

This vs. These Vowels

'This' has a short /ɪ/ (like 'sit'). 'These' has a long /iː/ (like 'see'). This is the most important distinction.

Emphasis on the demonstrative

I want THIS one, not THAT one.

Stressing the word shows a strong contrast between choices.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

THIS and THESE have an 'I' or 'E' like 'NEAR'. THAT and THOSE have an 'A' or 'O' like 'AFAR'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a circle around your feet. Anything inside the circle is 'This/These'. Anything outside the circle, where you have to stretch your arm to point, is 'That/Those'.

Rhyme

This and These are close to me, That and Those are far, you see!

Story

You are at a market. You hold an apple (This). You point to a mountain (That). You hold your keys (These). You point to the stars (Those).

شبکه واژگان

thisthatthesethoseheretherenearfar

چالش

Look around your room. Point to 3 things near you using 'This/These' and 3 things far away using 'That/Those'. Say them out loud!

نکات فرهنگی

When answering the phone, we say 'This is [Name].' We never say 'I am [Name]' or 'That is [Name]'.

In the UK, when asking who is on the other end of the phone, people often say 'Who is that?' whereas Americans might say 'Who is this?'

Pointing with a finger while saying 'that' can be considered rude in some cultures. Using the word alone is polite.

Demonstratives come from Old English 'þis' (this) and 'þæt' (that).

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

What is this in English?

Do you like these shoes I'm wearing?

Is that your car parked outside?

What do you think of this weather we're having?

موضوعات نگارش

Look at your desk. Write 5 sentences about the things you see using 'This' and 'These'.
Describe your dream house. Use 'that' and 'those' to describe things in the distance (e.g., the garden, the mountains).
Compare your life now with your life 5 years ago. Use 'these days' and 'those days'.
Write a short story about a mysterious object you found. Use 'this' to create a sense of mystery.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

کدوم کلمه چند تا چیز دور رو درست توصیف می‌کنه؟ چند گزینه‌ای

___ clouds look like sheep.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those
ابرها جمعن و توی آسمون ازت دورن، پس 'those' استفاده می‌کنیم.
جای خالی رو برای چیزی که تو دستته پر کن.

I can't believe I found ___ book in the trash!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this
اگه پیداش کردی و داری تو دستت گرفتی یا بهش خیلی نزدیک نگاه می‌کنی، برای یه چیز مفرد از 'this' استفاده کن.
اشتباه جمله رو درست کن. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

That shoes are very dirty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those shoes are very dirty.
کفش‌ها جمعن. 'That' مفرده. ما به 'those' (دور) یا 'these' (نزدیک) نیاز داریم. 'those' بهترین گزینه برای درست کردنشه.

Score: /3

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

___ is my favorite book in my hand.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This
The book is singular and 'in my hand' (near).
Fill in the blank with 'this', 'that', 'these', or 'those'.

Look at ___ stars in the sky!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: those
Stars are plural and far away in the sky.
Find the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

These is my brother, Tom.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: These
Brother is singular, so it should be 'This'.
Match the demonstrative with the correct noun. جفت کردن

1. This 2. These 3. That 4. Those

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Apple, 2-Apples, 3-Cloud, 4-Clouds
This/That are singular; These/Those are plural.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Building

are / keys / those / your / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Are those your keys?
In questions, the verb 'are' comes before the subject 'those'.
Select the correct demonstrative for the time reference. چند گزینه‌ای

___ was a great movie we saw last night.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That
Use 'that' for events in the past.
Complete the phone introduction.

Hello, ___ is Sarah. Is ___ John?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this / that
Use 'this' for yourself and 'that' for the other person on the phone.
Identify the correct plural form. چند گزینه‌ای

I want to buy ___ shoes over there.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: those
Shoes are plural and 'over there' indicates distance.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
پر کردن جای خالی

___ (near) are my favorite cookies.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: These
Sentence Reorder

is / laptop / mine / that

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That laptop is mine.
ترجمه

Translate: 'Dies sind meine Eltern.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: These are my parents.
چند گزینه‌ای

Identify the correct sentence for a person calling on the phone:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Who is that?
جفت کردن

Match the demonstrative to its category:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this - Near/Singular
Error Correction

Fix: 'I want those apple on the table.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I want that apple on the table.
پر کردن جای خالی

Look at ___ bird way up in the tree!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: that
چند گزینه‌ای

How do you introduce your friend Mark?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This is Mark.
ترجمه

Translate: 'Jene Häuser sind alt.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those houses are old.
Sentence Reorder

expensive / are / those / glasses

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Those glasses are expensive.

Score: /10

سوالات متداول (8)

Yes, but mainly for introductions like `This is my friend` or on the phone. In other cases, use `he` or `she`.

We use `this` for the present or future (`this week`) and `that` for the past (`that year`).

English requires subject-verb agreement. `This` is singular, so it needs `is`. `These` is plural, so it needs `are`.

It is always `that's` with an apostrophe, which is short for `that is`.

Yes, `these ones` and `those ones` are very common in informal English to emphasize specific items.

Make sure the 'e' sound is long like in 'bee' and the 's' sounds like a 'z'.

Usually no. However, you might use it if you are referring to something the other person is holding.

No. In English, `this`, `that`, `these`, and `those` are the same for masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

este / ese / aquel

English lacks the 'middle' distance word (ese).

French partial

ce / cette / ces

English demonstratives are gender-neutral.

German high

dieser / jener

English forms are much simpler and don't change for case.

Japanese moderate

kore / sore / are

Japanese distinguishes between 'near you' and 'far from us'.

Arabic moderate

hadha / dhalika

English has no 'dual' form for exactly two things.

Chinese high

zhè / nà

English has unique plural words (these/those) rather than adding a suffix.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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