Ce, Cette, Ces (This, That, These, Those): Les Démonstratifs
montrer des objets en anglais. C'est simple: près ou loin, un ou plusieurs.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'this' and 'these' for things close to you, and 'that' and 'those' for things further away.
- Use 'this' for one thing nearby: 'This apple is sweet.'
- Use 'that' for one thing far away: 'That car is fast.'
- Use 'these' (near) and 'those' (far) for more than one item: 'Those stars are bright.'
Overview
Je veux celle-là. On fait ça tous les jours.this, that, these et those.Le téléphone qui est actuellement dans ma main sonneau lieu de juste
This phone is ringing. Tu aurais l'air d'un robot tout droit sorti d'un film de science-fiction des années 70.this. Si tu dois traverser la pièce pour l'attraper, c'est probablement that. Ils gèrent aussi les maths.How This Grammar Works
- Physical Distance : C'est l'utilisation la plus courante. Si tu tiens ton gobelet Starbucks, c'est
thiscoffee. Si ton ami tient son gobelet de l'autre côté de la table, c'estthatcoffee. - Time Distance : On les utilise aussi pour le temps ! Les choses qui se passent maintenant ou très bientôt utilisent
this.
(Cette semaine est dingue !). Les choses qui se sont passées dans le passé utilisentThisweek is crazy!that.
(Cette fête samedi dernier était légendaire).Thatparty last Saturday was legendary. - Emotional Distance : Parfois, on utilise
thatpour mettre de la distance avec quelque chose qu'on n'aime pas. "I don't likethatguy's vibe." (Je n'aime pas l'ambiance de ce type). Il semble plus éloigné que
, qui pourrait être debout juste à côté de toi.thisguy
that sandwich invisible ! Ok, je vais m'en tenir à la grammaire.Formation Pattern
this. (Exemple : this laptop on my desk).
that. (Exemple : that plane in the sky).
these. (Exemple : these notifications on my screen).
those. (Exemple : those mountains in the distance).
this | that
these | those
mâle ou femelle. Tu t'intéresses seulement à savoir s'il y a une table ou tout un showroom IKEA de tables.
When To Use It
- On the Phone : Quand tu réponds à un appel d'un numéro inconnu, tu dis :
Hello,
Pour demander qui appelle, tu dis :thisis [Ton Nom].Who is
that? - Social Media : Si tu partages un mème dans une discussion de groupe, tu pourrais écrire :
(C'est tellement moi !).Thisis so me! - Online Shopping : Tu navigues sur Amazon ? Tu pourrais dire à ton coloc : "I really want
thoseheadphones, but they're so expensive." (Je veux vraiment ce casque, mais il est si cher). - Introducing People : Quand tu es à une fête, tu pointes ton ami et tu dis :
Tu ne dis pasThisis Sarah.She is Sarahquand tu la présentes pour la première fois dans un espace physique. - Ordering Food : À un food truck ? Pointe le menu et dis : "I'll have
thistaco andthatburrito, please."
pieuvre sur un marché local, pointe simplement du doigt et dis That, please. Ça sauve des vies (et la faim).Common Mistakes
- 1Mixing Singular and Plural : C'est l'erreur n°1. Les gens disent
au lieu dethisshoes
Rappelle-toi :theseshoes.thisest un solitaire (singulier).theseaime la foule (pluriel). - 2The
ItTrap : Utiliseritquand tu devrais utiliserthis. Si tu présentes un concept ou commences une conversation, commence parthis.
est mieux queThisis a great idea!It is a great idea!
quand tu le présentes pour la première fois. - 3Pronunciation :
this('i' court comme dans 'fish') etthese('e' long comme dans 'cheese'). Si tu les prononces mal, les gens pourraient être confus sur le nombre d'articles dont tu parles. - 4Overusing
That: N'utilise pasthatpour des choses que tu tiens actuellement. On dirait que tu as peur de l'objet.What is
(en pointant ta propre main) donne l'impression que tu as trouvé un insecte. Utilisethat?What is
.this?
Contrast With Similar Patterns
En quoi sont-ils différents d'autres mots de pointage comme it, here et there ?
this et that sont plus spécifiques. Ils pointent vers une chose précise dans l'espace. it est plus général et utilisé une fois qu'on sait déjà de quoi on parle.Look at(Utilisethisdog!Itis so cute.
this pour pointer, puis it pour continuer à parler).here et there sont des adverbes de lieu. Ils ne remplacent pas le nom ; ils décrivent l'emplacement.My phone is here. (Emplacement)This is my phone. (Identification)these donne l'impression que les événements se passent maintenant. those fait penser au bon vieux temps.Quick FAQ
this pour des personnes ?R: Oui ! Mais surtout pour les présentations ou pour identifier quelqu'un sur une photo.
This is my brother.
R: Non. Ils peuvent être autonomes comme pronoms.
I like this. ou ils peuvent être adjectifs : I like this song.
R: Dans certaines cultures, oui ! Mais utiliser les mots this et that est parfaitement poli. Utilise peut-être toute ta main au lieu d'un seul doigt si tu es dans un restaurant chic.
Memory Trick
Pense aux lettres !
- THIS a un I. Il n'y a qu'1 I. Donc this est pour 1 chose.
- THESE a beaucoup de E. C'est pour les choses Extra (pluriel).
- THAT et THOSE ? Si ça commence par T-H et que c'est long, c'est loin. (Ok, celle-là est un peu tirée par les cheveux, mais hé, ça pourrait marcher pour toi !)
Real Conversations
Scénario 1 : Dans un magasin de vêtements
Client
these jeans ?Vendeur
Those ones sur le portant ? Ils sont à 50 $.Client
this pair dans ma main.Vendeur
Those sont en solde à 30 $.Scénario 2 : Regarder Netflix
Sam
this show ?Alex
That documentaire sur les tigres ?Sam
this nouvelle télé-réalité sur l'écran d'accueil.Progressive Practice
Regarde autour de ta chambre maintenant. Touche 5 choses et dis
This is my...
Regarde par la fenêtre. Pointe 3 choses au loin et dis
That is a...
Ouvre ton application photos. Trouve une photo de groupe. Pointe et dis
These are my friends.
Imagine que tu es dans un magasin de technologie. Demande le prix d'un ordinateur portable à l'autre bout de la pièce :
How much is that?
Corrige cette phrase :
I love this movies.(Attends, tu l'as vu ? Ça devrait être
these movies !)
The Demonstrative Grid
| Distance | Singular (1) | Plural (2+) |
|---|---|---|
|
Near (Close)
|
This
|
These
|
|
Far (Distant)
|
That
|
Those
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
That is
|
That's
|
Very common in speech
|
|
This is
|
None
|
Rarely contracted in writing
|
|
These are
|
None
|
Never contracted
|
|
Those are
|
None
|
Never contracted
|
Meanings
Words used to point to specific people or things in relation to the speaker in space or time.
Physical Distance
Pointing to objects based on their physical proximity to the speaker.
“This chair is comfortable.”
“That mountain is very high.”
Time Reference
Referring to events happening now or in the past/future.
“This week is very busy.”
“That was a great party last night.”
Introduction/Identification
Identifying people or things, often on the phone or when introducing someone.
“Hi, this is Sarah speaking.”
“Mom, this is my friend, Alex.”
Reference Table
| Démonstratif | Quantité | Distance | Exemple |
|---|---|---|---|
|
this
|
Singulier
|
Proche
|
This is my phone.
|
|
that
|
Singulier
|
Loin
|
That is a bird.
|
|
these
|
Pluriel
|
Proche
|
These are my keys.
|
|
those
|
Pluriel
|
Loin
|
Those are stars.
|
|
this (adjectif)
|
Singulier
|
Proche
|
I like this song.
|
|
those (adjectif)
|
Pluriel
|
Loin
|
Look at those trees.
|
Spectre de formalité
Could you tell me what this item is? (Shopping or curiosity)
What is this? (Shopping or curiosity)
What's this? (Shopping or curiosity)
What's this thingy? (Shopping or curiosity)
Le monde des démonstratifs
Près de toi
- this singulier
- these pluriel
Loin de toi
- that singulier
- those pluriel
Comparaison : Singulier vs. Pluriel
Quel mot devrais-je user ?
Est-ce une seule chose ?
Est-ce proche de toi ?
Est-ce proche (pluriel) ?
Scénarios d'usage modernes
Au téléphone
- • This is Mark speaking.
- • Who is that?
Dans un café
- • I'll have this muffin.
- • That latte looks good.
Réseaux sociaux
- • Look at these comments!
- • Those filters are weird.
Exemples par niveau
This is my cat.
This is my cat.
That is a big tree.
That is a big tree.
These are my friends.
These are my friends.
Are those your keys?
Are those your keys?
This coffee is very hot.
This coffee is very hot.
I don't like that movie.
I don't like that movie.
These sandwiches are delicious.
These sandwiches are delicious.
Who are those people over there?
Who are those people over there?
This is exactly what I was talking about.
This is exactly what I was talking about.
That was a difficult time for everyone.
That was a difficult time for everyone.
These rules are quite confusing.
These rules are quite confusing.
Those who finish early can leave.
Those who finish early can leave.
This new policy will affect all employees.
This new policy will affect all employees.
That is a very interesting point you've raised.
That is a very interesting point you've raised.
These findings suggest a need for further research.
These findings suggest a need for further research.
Those arguments are simply not valid in this context.
Those arguments are simply not valid in this context.
This brings us to the final conclusion of the report.
This brings us to the final conclusion of the report.
That the economy is failing is a common misconception.
That the economy is failing is a common misconception.
These are not merely suggestions; they are requirements.
These are not merely suggestions; they are requirements.
Those present at the meeting agreed to the terms.
Those present at the meeting agreed to the terms.
This, then, is the crux of the matter.
This, then, is the crux of the matter.
I simply cannot stand that constant whistling of his.
I simply cannot stand that constant whistling of his.
These are but a few of the challenges we face.
These are but a few of the challenges we face.
Those were the days of wine and roses.
Those were the days of wine and roses.
Facile à confondre
Learners use 'it' to point to things for the first time.
In relative clauses, learners aren't sure which one to use.
Using 'they' to point to specific objects.
Erreurs courantes
This books are good.
These books are good.
That is my keys.
Those are my keys.
Look at this!
Look at that!
I like these cake.
I like this cake.
In that days, life was hard.
In those days, life was hard.
Who is that?
Who is this?
This is a good news.
This is good news.
That people are waiting.
Those people are waiting.
This was a great party last week.
That was a great party last week.
Those present at the meeting was...
Those present at the meeting were...
Structures de phrases
Is this ___?
I like those ___.
This is my friend, ___.
That was a ___ ___.
Real World Usage
How much is this shirt?
I'll take two of those croissants, please.
Hi, this is Mark. Is that Sarah?
This experience helped me develop leadership skills.
Check out this video! That was so funny.
Go past that building and turn left.
La règle du téléphone
This is John) et « that » pour la personne au bout du fil (Is that you, Mary?).
N'oublie pas le 'S'
these appleS).L'étiquette des présentations
Smart Tips
If you are touching the item, use 'this'. If the shopkeeper has to get it for you, use 'that'.
Always use 'these are' even if you are introducing them one by one as a group.
Use 'that' to show you were listening to their past experience.
Use 'this thing' or 'that thing' while pointing. It's a perfect survival strategy!
Prononciation
The 'TH' sound
All four words start with the voiced 'th' sound /ð/. Your tongue should be between your teeth.
This vs. These Vowels
'This' has a short /ɪ/ (like 'sit'). 'These' has a long /iː/ (like 'see'). This is the most important distinction.
Emphasis on the demonstrative
I want THIS one, not THAT one.
Stressing the word shows a strong contrast between choices.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
THIS and THESE have an 'I' or 'E' like 'NEAR'. THAT and THOSE have an 'A' or 'O' like 'AFAR'.
Association visuelle
Imagine a circle around your feet. Anything inside the circle is 'This/These'. Anything outside the circle, where you have to stretch your arm to point, is 'That/Those'.
Rhyme
This and These are close to me, That and Those are far, you see!
Story
You are at a market. You hold an apple (This). You point to a mountain (That). You hold your keys (These). You point to the stars (Those).
Word Web
Défi
Look around your room. Point to 3 things near you using 'This/These' and 3 things far away using 'That/Those'. Say them out loud!
Notes culturelles
When answering the phone, we say 'This is [Name].' We never say 'I am [Name]' or 'That is [Name]'.
In the UK, when asking who is on the other end of the phone, people often say 'Who is that?' whereas Americans might say 'Who is this?'
Pointing with a finger while saying 'that' can be considered rude in some cultures. Using the word alone is polite.
Demonstratives come from Old English 'þis' (this) and 'þæt' (that).
Amorces de conversation
What is this in English?
Do you like these shoes I'm wearing?
Is that your car parked outside?
What do you think of this weather we're having?
Sujets d'écriture
Erreurs courantes
Test Yourself
___ clouds look like sheep.
I can't believe I found ___ book in the trash!
Find and fix the mistake:
That shoes are very dirty.
Score: /3
Exercices pratiques
8 exercises___ is my favorite book in my hand.
Look at ___ stars in the sky!
Find and fix the mistake:
These is my brother, Tom.
1. This 2. These 3. That 4. Those
are / keys / those / your / ?
___ was a great movie we saw last night.
Hello, ___ is Sarah. Is ___ John?
I want to buy ___ shoes over there.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises___ (near) are my favorite cookies.
is / laptop / mine / that
Translate: 'Dies sind meine Eltern.'
Identifie la phrase correcte pour une personne qui appelle au téléphone :
Associe le démonstratif à sa catégorie :
Corrige : 'I want those apple on the table.'
Look at ___ bird way up in the tree!
Comment présentes-tu ton ami Mark ?
Translate: 'Jene Häuser sind alt.'
expensive / are / those / glasses
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
Yes, but mainly for introductions like `This is my friend` or on the phone. In other cases, use `he` or `she`.
We use `this` for the present or future (`this week`) and `that` for the past (`that year`).
English requires subject-verb agreement. `This` is singular, so it needs `is`. `These` is plural, so it needs `are`.
It is always `that's` with an apostrophe, which is short for `that is`.
Yes, `these ones` and `those ones` are very common in informal English to emphasize specific items.
Make sure the 'e' sound is long like in 'bee' and the 's' sounds like a 'z'.
Usually no. However, you might use it if you are referring to something the other person is holding.
No. In English, `this`, `that`, `these`, and `those` are the same for masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
este / ese / aquel
English lacks the 'middle' distance word (ese).
ce / cette / ces
English demonstratives are gender-neutral.
dieser / jener
English forms are much simpler and don't change for case.
kore / sore / are
Japanese distinguishes between 'near you' and 'far from us'.
hadha / dhalika
English has no 'dual' form for exactly two things.
zhè / nà
English has unique plural words (these/those) rather than adding a suffix.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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