خانه
یادگیری
انگلیسی
گرامر
A1 — Describing Your World and Actions

A1 · مبتدی فصل 5

Describing Your World and Actions

Q: فعل 'regular' یعنی چی؟

فعل 'regular' فعلیه که از یک قانون استاندارد پیروی میکنه و ریشهاش به طور غیرقابل پیشبینی تغییر نمیکنه. برای 'I'، 'you'، 'we'، 'they' توی زمان حال، یعنی فقط کلمه رو دقیقاً همونطور که توی دیکشنری هست، استفاده میکنی. مثلا: "I walk to work."

4 مجموع قواعد

47 مثال‌ها

5 دقیقه

قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power to describe your daily life and everything happening around you right now.

Master the base form of verbs for most people.
Understand the special 's' ending for he, she, and it.
Distinguish between routine habits and actions happening this very second.

From simple facts to living descriptions.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Let's learn to talk about what you and others are doing and what happens every day! We'll discover how to use action words correctly, like when to add -ing or «-s.» Get ready to describe your world clearly and easily!

افعال انگلیسی: من، تو، ما، آنها (حال ساده)
برای «من»، «تو»، «ما» و «اونها»، فقط از «شکل اصلی فعل» استفاده کن تا در مورد «عادت‌ها» و «واقعیت‌ها» بگی.
قانون سوم شخص مفرد: اضافه کردن -s و -es به افعال
برای 'he', 'she', 'it' یا یه چیز «مفرد»، همیشه s یا es به فعل اضافه کن.
حال استمراری: کارهایی که الان در حال انجام هستند
سه تا ابزار جادویی داری: actions in progress برای کارایی که همین الان دارن انجام میشن، temporary states برای موقعیت‌های موقتی و definite future arrangements برای برنامه‌های قطعی آینده. همه‌شون با be + -ing ساخته میشن.
قوانین املایی برای فرم -ing (حال استمراری)
وقتی داری در مورد کاری که «الان» یا «عموماً» در حال انجام شدنه حرف می‌زنی، این «قوانین املایی» بهت کمک می‌کنه که نوشته‌هات «واضح» و «درست» باشن.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

1
By the end you will be able to: State facts about yourself and groups of people using the present simple.
2
By the end you will be able to: Correctly apply the third-person 's' to verbs when talking about another person.
3
By the end you will be able to: Describe what is happening in a photo or in your current environment using the present continuous.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Imagine yourself trying to share what you do every day, or tell someone what your friend is up to right now. This is where the magic of English grammar comes in! In this chapter, we're going to unlock the secrets of English describing your world and actions for beginners.

You’ll learn how to talk about your daily routines, facts about yourself and others, and even things that are happening right at this moment.

Mastering these basic structures is super important as you learn English A1 grammar. We'll look at how to use action words (verbs) when you talk about yourself (I eat), about groups (we play), and about single people or things (he works, she sings). We'll also dive into how to describe actions that are still in progress, like

I am reading

they are laughing.

By the end of this guide, you’ll feel much more confident describing your world clearly and easily, making your conversations much more vibrant!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

At its heart, talking about your world and actions means using verbs correctly. For actions that are habits, facts, or things that happen regularly, we often use the Present Simple. When you talk about yourself (I), or you, we, and they, it's super easy!

You just use the basic form of the verb. For example,

I eat breakfast every morning,

They play football on Saturdays.

This form describes regular occurrences that are true often or always.

Now, things change a little when you talk about he, she, it, or a single person/thing (like my sister or the cat). This is our special He/She/It Rule. For these, we add an -s or -es to the end of the verb.

So,

She drinks coffee,

and

He watches TV.

Knowing when to add -s or -es is key to sounding natural and correct.

But what if something is happening *right now*? That's where the Present Continuous comes in! We use a form of the verb 'be' (am/is/are) plus the -ing form of the main verb.

For example,

I am studying English,

They are listening to music.

This tells us the action is still in progress at the moment of speaking. Finally, we'll quickly look at the spelling rules for adding -ing to verbs, like changing dance to dancing or swim to swimming – it helps keep your writing and speaking accurate.

اشتباهات رایج

1Forgetting the -s with He/She/It

✗ He like coffee.

✓ He likes coffee.

Explanation: Always remember to add -s (or -es) to the verb when the subject is he, she, it, or a single person/thing. This is a very common A1 mistake, but easy to fix!

1Confusing Present Simple and Present Continuous

✗ I am eat breakfast every day.

✓ I eat breakfast every day. (This is a habit/routine)

✓ I am eating breakfast now. (This is an action happening at this exact moment)

Explanation: Use Present Simple for routines and facts, and Present Continuous for actions happening right now or temporarily.

1Incorrect -ing Spelling

✗ I am swiming.

✓ I am swimming.

Explanation: For many short verbs ending in a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern, you often double the last consonant before adding -ing (e.g., run -> running, sit -> sitting). Also, remember to drop the 'e' from verbs like make before adding -ing (making).

مکالمات واقعی

What do you do on weekends?

I play tennis, and my brother reads books.

Look! What is he doing?

He is drawing a picture. He draws every day, it's his hobby.

Where are you going right now?

I am going to the shop. We need some milk for breakfast tomorrow.

سؤالات رایج

How do I use the Present Simple in English to talk about myself?

For yourself (I), you just use the base form of the verb. For example,

I work in an office,

I learn English online,

I eat fruit for lunch.

When should I add -s or -es to a verb?

You add -s or -es to a verb when the subject is he, she, it, or a single person/thing. For example,

He works hard,

She learns fast,

It eats a lot of food.

What is the difference between

I eat

and

I am eating

I eat

means it's a habit or a general fact (e.g.,

I eat breakfast every day at 7 AM

I am eating

means the action is happening right now, at this moment (e.g., "Shhh, I am eating lunch now, I can't talk").

How do I spell verbs ending with -ing correctly?

Most times, you just add -ing (e.g., read -> reading). If a verb ends in 'e', you usually drop the 'e' then add -ing (e.g., make -> making). If it's a short verb ending in consonant-vowel-consonant, you often double the last consonant (e.g., run -> running).

بافت فرهنگی

Native English speakers use these patterns constantly, making them absolutely essential for everyday communication. While formal settings might prefer complete sentences, in informal chats, you'll often hear shortened versions like "She's working instead of She is working." There are very few regional differences in how these basic grammar structures are formed; they are universally understood across English-speaking countries.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

I `drink` coffee every morning before work.

من هر روز صبح قبل از کار قهوه می‌نوشم.

افعال انگلیسی: من، تو، ما، آنها (حال ساده)

You `post` really cool photos on Instagram.

تو عکس‌های خیلی باحالی تو اینستاگرام پست می‌کنی.

افعال انگلیسی: من، تو، ما، آنها (حال ساده)

He `drinks` coffee every morning.

اون هر روز صبح قهوه می‌خوره.

قانون سوم شخص مفرد: اضافه کردن -s و -es به افعال

She `watches` Netflix on weekends.

اون آخر هفته‌ها نتفلیکس می‌بینه.

قانون سوم شخص مفرد: اضافه کردن -s و -es به افعال

I am sending you the link on WhatsApp right now.

الان دارم لینک رو تو واتساپ برات می‌فرستم.

حال استمراری: کارهایی که الان در حال انجام هستند

She is vlogging her trip to Japan this week.

اون این هفته داره از سفرش به ژاپن ویدئو می‌گیره.

حال استمراری: کارهایی که الان در حال انجام هستند

I'm just chilling at home today.

امروز فقط دارم تو خونه استراحت می‌کنم.

قوانین املایی برای فرم -ing (حال استمراری)

She is making a latte for you.

اون داره برات یه لاته درست می‌کنه.

قوانین املایی برای فرم -ing (حال استمراری)

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

به تکرار فکر کن

اگه از کلماتی مثل 'همیشه' (always)، 'معمولا' (usually) یا 'هیچ وقت' (never) استفاده می‌کنی، تقریباً همیشه باید از همین زمان حال ساده استفاده کنی.

I always drink tea.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال انگلیسی: من، تو، ما، آنها (حال ساده)

🎯

قانون 'Does'

اگه 'does' یا 'doesn't' رو دیدی، فعل اصلی دیگه 's' نمی‌گیره! 's' رفته چسبیده به 'does': "She doesn't like coffee."

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قانون سوم شخص مفرد: اضافه کردن -s و -es به افعال

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قانون عکس در برابر ویدئو

اگه می‌تونی تصورش کنی که داری یه ویدئوی تند می‌بینی، از '-ing' استفاده کن. اگه یه حقیقت ثابته، مثل یه عکس، از زمان ساده استفاده کن. مثلاً: He is running (ویدئو) در مقابل

He runs every day

(عکس).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حال استمراری: کارهایی که الان در حال انجام هستند

💡

قانون ساندویچ

وقتی یه فعل کوتاه داری که سه حرفه و وسطش صداداره (مثل sit که s: صامت، i: مصوت، t: صامت)، همیشه حرف آخرش «دوبار» تکرار میشه. مثل:

She is sitting down.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قوانین املایی برای فرم -ing (حال استمراری)

واژگان کلیدی (7)

eat to consume food work to do a job watch to look at something for a time run to move fast on feet write to mark paper with words now at this moment every day daily habit

Real-World Preview

phone

A Phone Call from the Park

Review Summary

Subject (I/You/We/They) + Verb (base)
Subject (He/She/It) + Verb + -s/-es
Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing

اشتباهات رایج

This is the most common mistake. Beginners often forget the 's' for the third person singular (he/she/it).

Wrong: He work in a bank.

صحیح: He works in a bank.

You cannot have an '-ing' action without the 'am/is/are' helper verb to show when it is happening.

Wrong: I reading a book.

صحیح: I am reading a book.

For short verbs with a 'consonant-vowel-consonant' pattern, you must double the final letter before adding -ing.

Wrong: He is runing.

صحیح: He is running.

قواعد این فصل (4)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked the most active part of the English language. Keep practicing by narrating what you see around you today. You're doing amazing!

Photo Description

Daily Routine List

Continue to: گپ‌وگفت درباره عادت‌ها و کارهای روزمره

تمرین سریع (10)

جای خالی رو با شکل درست پر کن.

I ___ (study) for my exams this week.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: am studying

برای کارهایی که این هفته در حال انجامه، از 'am' + 'فعل-ing' استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حال استمراری: کارهایی که الان در حال انجام هستند

اشتباه رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

They plays football on Sundays.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They play football on Sundays.

حرف 's' رو حذف کن. برای 'they' (آنها)، فعل باید به شکل اصلیش باشه: 'play' (بازی کردن).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال انگلیسی: من، تو، ما، آنها (حال ساده)

اشتباه املایی رو اصلاح کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

The baby is lieing in the crib.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The baby is lying in the crib.

فعل‌هایی که به 'ie' ختم میشن، قبل از اضافه کردن '-ing' به 'y' تغییر می‌کنن.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قوانین املایی برای فرم -ing (حال استمراری)

جای خالی رو با شکل صحیح 'work' پر کن.

My brother ___ at a bank.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: works

چون 'my brother' همون 'he' هست، 's' به فعل اضافه می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قانون سوم شخص مفرد: اضافه کردن -s و -es به افعال

کدوم جمله درسته؟

جمله‌ای که از نظر گرامری درسته رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: We live in a big house.

برای 'We' (ما)، از شکل اصلی فعل 'live' (زندگی کردن) استفاده می‌کنیم. نه 's' و نه 'ing' برای واقعیت‌های کلی لازم نیست.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال انگلیسی: من، تو، ما، آنها (حال ساده)

جمله درست رو انتخاب کن:

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She is eating lunch right now.

هم فعل 'to be' (is) و هم پسوند '-ing' نیاز داری.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حال استمراری: کارهایی که الان در حال انجام هستند

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا و اصلاح کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

She wash her car every Sunday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She washes her car every Sunday.

فعل‌هایی که به 'sh' تموم میشن، تو سوم شخص مفرد 'es' می‌گیرن.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قانون سوم شخص مفرد: اضافه کردن -s و -es به افعال

جای خالی رو با املای صحیح پر کن.

The car is ___ now.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: stopping

'Stop' یک کلمه کوتاه CVC (صامت-مصوت-صامت) هست، پس حرف آخر رو دوبرابر می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قوانین املایی برای فرم -ing (حال استمراری)

جمله صحیح رو پیدا کن.

Which sentence uses the correct spelling?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I am making a cake.

باید 'e' بی‌صدا رو از 'make' قبل از اضافه کردن '-ing' حذف کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قوانین املایی برای فرم -ing (حال استمراری)

جای خالی رو با شکل درست فعل پر کن.

I ___ (check) my phone every morning.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: check

برای 'I' (من)، از شکل اصلی فعل بدون هیچ پسوندی استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال انگلیسی: من، تو، ما، آنها (حال ساده)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

فعل 'regular' فعلیه که از یک قانون استاندارد پیروی می‌کنه و ریشه‌اش به طور غیرقابل پیش‌بینی تغییر نمی‌کنه. برای 'I'، 'you'، 'we'، 'they' توی زمان حال، یعنی فقط کلمه رو دقیقاً همونطور که توی دیکشنری هست، استفاده می‌کنی. مثلا: