A1 · مبتدی فصل 6

گپ‌وگفت درباره عادت‌ها و کارهای روزمره

4 مجموع قواعد
46 مثال‌ها
5 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of asking questions and saying no to navigate daily life with confidence.

  • Form negative sentences using don't and doesn't.
  • Construct questions with do and does.
  • Describe current actions using continuous questions and negatives.
Unlock the power of conversation.

چی یاد می‌گیری

سلام! آماده‌ای که از سطح کلمات ساده فراتر بری و واقعاً شروع کنی به گپ زدن؟ توی این فصل یاد می‌گیری چطور خیلی راحت درباره زندگی و عادت‌های روزمره‌ت حرف بزنی. اول از همه، یاد می‌گیری با استفاده از don’t و doesn’t خیلی با اعتمادبه‌نفس «نه» بگی؛ مثلاً وقتی می‌خوای به کسی بگی اهل قهوه نیستی یا فلان ورزش رو انجام نمی‌دی. بعدش می‌ریم سراغ یکی از هیجان‌انگیزترین بخش‌ها: سوال پرسیدن! با یاد گرفتن do و does، کلید ارتباط با بقیه دستته. می‌تونی از دوستت بپرسی «بستنی دوست داری؟» یا «برادرت اینجا کار می‌کنه؟». یه نکته‌ی خیلی مهم هم درباره فعل have یاد می‌گیریم که چطور با کمک do و does سوالی یا منفیش کنی تا مثل یک حرفه‌ای صحبت کنی. در نهایت، یاد می‌گیری درباره کارهایی که «همین الان» در حال انجامشون هستی سوال بپرسی یا بگی که در حال انجام اون کار نیستی؛ مثلاً وقتی پشت تلفنی و می‌خوای بپرسی «داری درس می‌خونی؟». آخر این فصل، تو دیگه فقط یه شنونده نیستی، بلکه می‌تونی فعالانه توی مکالمه‌های واقعی شرکت کنی، از بقیه سوال بپرسی و درباره عادت‌های خودت توضیح بدی. اصلاً نگران نباش، این قواعد خیلی ساده‌تر از چیزی هستن که فکر می‌کنی و با هم قدم‌به‌قدم استادشون می‌شیم!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'don't' and 'doesn't' to accurately express daily habits.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Formulate questions using 'do' and 'does' to interview a peer.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Discuss current activities in the negative and interrogative forms.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Mastering English talking about actions and habits is a cornerstone of A1 English grammar, and this chapter is your friendly guide! Imagine being able to share what you do every day, or what you *don't* do, without hesitation. That's exactly what we'll achieve here.
You'll learn simple yet powerful ways to say no to actions and habits, like "I don't like coffee,
and to ask straightforward questions such as
What do you do? or Is he working right now?" This ability to describe ongoing actions and regular routines will unlock countless simple conversations, helping you connect with others and talk about your daily life. Get ready to build essential communication skills that make your English sound natural and confident!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

At the heart of talking about actions and habits in English are a few key helper words that make questions and negatives easy. When you want to say you don't do something regularly, or someone else doesn't do something, you use do or does plus not (contracted to don't or doesn't), followed by the base form of the verb. For example, "I don't speak French, or She doesn't live here.
For questions about habits, do or does comes first:
Do you work? or Does he like pizza?"
When you use the verb have, which is super common, it follows the same pattern for questions and negatives. You always need do or does as the helper verb. So, it's
Do you have a car?
not
Have you a car?
and "I don't have a pet, not I haven't a pet."
Finally, for actions happening at this very moment – what you are doing right now – we use the Present Continuous. This involves a form of the verb be (am, is, are) and the -ing form of the main verb. To make it negative, you add not after be:
I am not working
or "He isn't reading.
To ask a question, you simply move the be verb to the front:
Are you listening? or Is she eating?" These structures work together to help you describe your world accurately, whether it's an everyday routine or something happening as we speak.

اشتباهات رایج

Learning new grammar can sometimes lead to small mix-ups, but that's part of the journey! Here are some common errors and how to fix them:
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    He no like coffee.
    /
    You have a car?
✓ Correct: "He doesn't like coffee.« / »Do you have a car?"
*Explanation:* Always use don't or doesn't for negatives, and do or does for questions about habits and with the verb have.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    I am not work now.
    / Are you study?
✓ Correct:
I am not working now.
/
Are you studying?
*Explanation:* For actions happening right now (Present Continuous), you need both the be verb and the -ing form of the main verb.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: "She don't live here."
✓ Correct: "She doesn't live here."
*Explanation:* Remember the 's' for third-person singular (he, she, it) with does and doesn't.

مکالمات واقعی

Let's see these grammar points in action!

A

A

Hi Sarah! Do you work on Saturdays?
B

B

No, I don't work on Saturdays. I relax! Do you have any plans today?
A

A

Hey, what are you doing?
B

B

I am watching a movie. Are you busy?
A

A

No, I am not working right now. I don't have any meetings.
A

A

Does he live near here?
B

B

No, he doesn't live near here. He lives far away.
A

A

Oh. Does he have a car?
B

B

Yes, he does. He drives to work every day.

سؤالات رایج

Q

When do I use don't versus doesn't?

You use don't for I, you, we, they (e.g., "I don't like that"). You use doesn't for he, she, it (e.g., "He doesn't like that"). It depends on who is doing the action.

Q

Can I use do for questions about actions happening 'right now'?

No, for actions happening 'right now', you use a form of be and the -ing verb. For example,

Are you reading?
not
Do you read?
(unless you mean 'Do you read generally?').

Q

Why do we say

Do you have
instead of
Have you
for questions about possession?

In modern English, especially American English, do/does is almost always used as the helper verb for questions and negatives with have when it means possession. While

Have you a car?
might be understood,
Do you have a car?
is much more common and natural.

Q

What's the main difference between "I don't work and I am not working"?

"I don't work

talks about a habit or general fact (e.g.,
I don't have a job«). »I am not working
talks about an action that is not happening at this specific moment (e.g.,
I am not working *right now*").

بافت فرهنگی

Native English speakers use these patterns constantly in daily conversation. You'll often hear contractions like don't and doesn't because they make speech flow more smoothly. While some older or more formal varieties of British English might still use Have you...? for possession, using do/does with have for questions and negatives is overwhelmingly common and natural in contemporary English everywhere.
Don't be afraid to use these helper verbs – they sound very natural!

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

I `don't` have enough data to watch this YouTube video.

دیتای کافی ندارم این ویدیوی یوتیوب رو ببینم.

گفتن 'نه' در انگلیسی: Don't و Doesn't
2

She `doesn't` like my latest post on Instagram.

اون پست آخر منو توی اینستاگرام لایک نکرده.

گفتن 'نه' در انگلیسی: Don't و Doesn't
3

Do you follow me on Instagram?

تو منو تو اینستاگرام فالو می‌کنی؟

پرسیدن سوال: Do و Does (سوالات زمان حال ساده)
4

Does he like spicy food?

اون غذای تند دوست داره؟

پرسیدن سوال: Do و Does (سوالات زمان حال ساده)
5

I don't have a car for the trip.

من برای سفر ماشین ندارم.

فعل 'have': سوالات و منفی‌ها (do/does)
6

Do you have a pen I can borrow?

خودکاری داری که بتونم قرض بگیرم؟

فعل 'have': سوالات و منفی‌ها (do/does)
7

I'm not checking my phone every five minutes.

قول می‌دم هر پنج دقیقه گوشیمو چک نمی‌کنم.

حال استمراری: منفی و سوالی (آیا من کار می کنم؟)
8

Are you watching that new series?

اون سریال جدید نتفلیکس که همه راجع‌بهش حرف می‌زنن رو داری می‌بینی؟

حال استمراری: منفی و سوالی (آیا من کار می کنم؟)

نکات و ترفندها (4)

🎯

The 'Does' is the Boss

وقتی does داری، فعل اصلی دیگه s نمیگیره. does خودش همه نیروی s رو داره: "He doesn't play."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن 'نه' در انگلیسی: Don't و Doesn't
⚠️

اون 's' نامرئی!

وقتی does استفاده می‌کنی، دیگه نیازی نیست به فعل اصلی 's' اضافه کنی. مثلاً Does he go, نه Does he goes!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: پرسیدن سوال: Do و Does (سوالات زمان حال ساده)
💡

جواب‌های کوتاه رو تمرین کن

جواب‌های کوتاه مثل Yes, I do. یا "No, she doesn't." توی مکالمات انگلیسی خیلی رایج هستن. زیاد تمرینشون کن تا طبیعی‌تر و با اعتماد به نفس بیشتری جواب بدی.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل 'have': سوالات و منفی‌ها (do/does)
🎯

کوتاه شده‌ها رو استفاده کن

وقتی حرف می‌زنی، همیشه از "isn't« یا »aren't« استفاده کن تا طبیعی‌تر به نظر برسی، نه مثل کتاب. »She isn't coming."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حال استمراری: منفی و سوالی (آیا من کار می کنم؟)

واژگان کلیدی (6)

work to perform tasks have to possess study to learn drink to consume liquid now at this moment breakfast morning meal

Real-World Preview

coffee

At the Office

Review Summary

  • Subject + don't/doesn't + verb
  • Do/Does + subject + verb?
  • Do/Does + subject + have?
  • Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing?

اشتباهات رایج

When using 'does', the main verb loses the 's'. The auxiliary takes all the work.

Wrong: Does he works here?
صحیح: Does he work here?

To ask a question, start with 'Do'. Don't just add a question mark to a statement.

Wrong: I don't have a car? (as a question)
صحیح: Do you have a car?

Present continuous requires the -ing ending. Without it, the sentence is grammatically incomplete.

Wrong: Are you work?
صحیح: Are you working?

Next Steps

You are building a fantastic foundation. Keep practicing, and don't stop asking questions!

Watch a short English interview and note the questions used.

Continue to: Asking Questions and Saying No

تمرین سریع (10)

کدوم سوال از نظر گرامری درسته؟

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Are you playing games?
توی سوالات، فعل 'be' (Are) باید قبل از فاعل (you) بیاد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حال استمراری: منفی و سوالی (آیا من کار می کنم؟)

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

He doesn't has a bicycle.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He doesn't have a bicycle.
وقتی 'does' استفاده میشه، فعل اصلی 'have' باید به شکل اصلیش برگرده. پس 'has' به 'have' تغییر می‌کنه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل 'have': سوالات و منفی‌ها (do/does)

جای خالی رو پر کن

___ you like pizza?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Do
برای فاعل 'you' از 'do' استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: پرسیدن سوال: Do و Does (سوالات زمان حال ساده)

شکل صحیح رو برای کامل کردن جمله انتخاب کن.

My phone ___ a good camera.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: doesn't have
فاعل 'My phone' (گوشی من) 'it' هست، پس از 'doesn't' استفاده می‌کنیم. بعد از 'doesn't' همیشه شکل اصلی فعل 'have' میاد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل 'have': سوالات و منفی‌ها (do/does)

جمله درست گرامری رو درباره اینستاگرام انتخاب کن:

Choose the grammatically correct sentence about Instagram:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She doesn't use Instagram.
برای 'she' از 'doesn't' استفاده می‌کنیم و فعل 'use' رو به شکل ساده نگه می‌داریم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن 'نه' در انگلیسی: Don't و Doesn't

اشتباه رو پیدا کن و درستش کن

Find and fix the mistake:

Does she likes to dance?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Does she like to dance?
وقتی 'does' استفاده میشه، فعل اصلی باید به شکل ساده‌ش ('like' نه 'likes') باشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: پرسیدن سوال: Do و Does (سوالات زمان حال ساده)

کدوم جمله به درستی درباره مالکیت سوال می‌پرسه؟

جمله صحیح رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Does she have a sister?
برای 'she' از 'does' استفاده می‌کنیم. بعد از 'does'، فعل 'have' همیشه به شکل اصلیشه، نه 'has'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل 'have': سوالات و منفی‌ها (do/does)

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

They not coming to the meeting.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They aren't coming to the meeting.
حالت منفی به فعل 'be' نیاز داره. 'They' از 'are' استفاده می‌کنه، پس منفی‌اش 'aren't' میشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حال استمراری: منفی و سوالی (آیا من کار می کنم؟)

جاهای خالی رو با شکل منفی درست پر کن.

He ___ (not / work) on Saturdays.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: doesn't work
چون فاعل 'He' هست، از 'doesn't' و فعل اصلی 'work' بدون 's' استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن 'نه' در انگلیسی: Don't و Doesn't

کدوم جمله درسته؟

سوال درست گرامری رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Do they play football?
برای 'they' از 'do' استفاده میشه و فعل 'play' به شکل ساده میاد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: پرسیدن سوال: Do و Does (سوالات زمان حال ساده)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

نه. با اینکه I no like تو بعضی زبون‌ها رایجه، تو انگلیسی غلطه. حتماً باید بگی: "I don't like."
"Don't« برای »I/you/we/they« هست. »Doesn't« فقط برای »he/she/it« (سوم شخص مفرد) استفاده میشه: »He doesn't know."
فعل کمکی یه فعل 'یار' یا 'کمک‌کننده' است. اینجا 'do' و 'does' کمک می‌کنن که سوال بسازیم چون فعل اصلی به تنهایی نمی‌تونه این کار رو بکنه. مثلاً: Do you understand?
توی صحبت‌های خیلی خودمونی و با لحن خاص میشه این کارو کرد، ولی از نظر گرامری اشتباهه.
Does he like pizza?
راه درست و کامل برای پرسیدنه.
وقتی 'have' به عنوان فعل اصلی برای مالکیت استفاده میشه، مثل بقیه فعل‌های انگلیسی نیاز به فعل‌های کمکی do یا does داره تا سوالی و منفی بشه. برعکس فعل 'be' که خودش این کار رو انجام میده.
هیچ تفاوتی توی معنی ندارن! 'Do not have' شکل کاملشه، در حالی که 'don't have' شکل مخففشه. 'Don't have' توی صحبت‌های روزمره و نوشتار غیررسمی خیلی رایج‌تره و باعث میشه مکالمات طبیعی‌تر به نظر بیان.
فصل قبلی
Describing Your World and Actions
فصل بعدی
Asking Questions and Saying No
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