فعل 'have': سوالات و منفیها (do/does)
have، همیشه do یا does رو به یاد داشته باش! اینا ابزارای جادویی questions و negatives تو هستن.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To ask questions or say 'no' with 'have', you must use the helper verbs 'do' or 'does'.
- Use 'do' for I, you, we, they: 'Do you have a pen?'
- Use 'does' for he, she, it: 'Does she have a car?'
- In negatives and questions, 'has' always changes back to 'have': 'She doesn't have' (not 'has').
مرور کلی
I have not a car؟do یا does هست.have برای زندگی روزمره خیلی ضروریه.I have not.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
have یه جورایی مثل یه سلبریتی لوس (Diva) میمونه.do هست.I, you, we, they)، ما از do برای سوالی کردن و از don't برای منفی کردن استفاده میکنیم.he, she, it)، دستیار عوض میشه و به does یا doesn't تغییر میکنه.does) اون حرف 's' رو میگیره، فعل اصلی (have) همونطوری که هست میمونه.does اون کارآموزی هست که همه کارهای خستهکننده رو انجام میده، در حالی که have فقط اونجا نشسته و باکلاس به نظر میرسه.does استفاده کنی، هیچوقت از has استفاده نمیکنی.
الگوی ساخت
don't + have + [Object].
doesn't + have + [Object].
Do + [Subject] + have + [Object]?
Does + [Subject] + have + [Object]?
don't have a phone. | من گوشی ندارم.
doesn't have a cat. | اون گربه نداره.
Do you have the link? | لینک رو داری؟
Does she have a job? | اون شغل داره؟
سطوح رسمی بودن
- **Formal (رسمی)
**
Excuse me, do you have a moment? (از این برای استادها یا در طول مصاحبههای زوم استفاده کن).
- **Informal (غیررسمی)
** "Don't have the charger, sorry!" (عالی برای یه جواب سریع توی واتساپ).
- **Casual (خیلی صمیمی)
**
You have the keys?do رو حذف میکنن، اما فعلاً تو طبق قوانین پیش برو!).
کی استفاده کنیم
- سفارش غذا:
(آیا غذای گیاهی دارین؟)Do you haveany vegan options? - بازی کردن:
(آیا تیمشون هیلر داره؟)Do they havea healer on their team? - استریم کردن:
(آیا نتفلیکس فصل جدید اون سریال رو داره؟)Does Netflix havethe new season of that show? - قرار ملاقات:
(آیا اون پسر مورد مشکوکی -رِد فلگ- داره؟ همهمون این موقعیت رو تجربه کردیم).Does he havea red flag? - سفر:
(وحشتِ این لحظه کاملاً واقعیه).Do I havemy passport? - شبکههای اجتماعی: "
She doesn't haveany followers yet." (اون هنوز هیچ فالووری نداره).
don't have یا do you have باعث میشه جوری به نظر بیای که انگار واقعاً به قرن بیست و یکم تعلق داری.
اشتباهات رایج
Does he has a car? ✗does قبلاً اون s رو گرفته.Does he have a car? ✓I no have money. ✗do یا does رو بیار.I don't have money. ✓have not باش.I have not a pen. ✗I don't have رو بگو و همهچیز عالی پیش میره.مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
I haven't got a pen یا Do you have got...? (صبر کن، نه، دومی کاملاً غلطه).have got برای جملات منفی خیلی رایجه: I haven't got a car.do/does رو استفاده کنی.to be هست.I am not tired نه I don't be tired.have به دستیارِ do نیاز داره، اما to be اونقدر قوی هست که خودش تنهایی بایسته.to be یه ابرقهرمانه و have یه آدم عادیه که برای این طرف و اون طرف رفتن به یه ماشین (do) نیاز داره.سؤالات رایج
میتونم فقط بگم Have you a pen?
از نظر فنی، توی انگلیسی بریتانیاییِ قدیم، بله. اما توی سال ۲۰۲۶؟ نه. مردم فکر میکنن توی زمان سفر کردی.
چرا میگیم don't و نمیگیم do not؟
کلمه don't مخفف شدهست. توی صحبت کردن و پیام دادن خیلی رایجتره. فقط زمانی از do not استفاده کن که خیلی جدی یا عصبانی هستی.
آیا it همیشه از does استفاده میکنه؟
بله! Does the phone have a camera? یا It doesn't have battery.
آیا doesn't have با has no یکیه؟
بله، I have no money درسته، اما I don't have any money برای گپهای روزمره خیلی رایجتره.
اگه do رو فراموش کنم چی؟
مردم ممکنه هنوز منظورت رو بفهمن، اما شبیه یه مبتدی به نظر میرسی. استفاده از فعل کمکی باعث میشه مسلط و باهوش به نظر بیای!
2. Present Simple: Negative and Question Forms
| Subject | Negative Form | Question Form | Short Answer (+) | Short Answer (-) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
don't have
|
Do I have...?
|
Yes, I do.
|
No, I don't.
|
|
You
|
don't have
|
Do you have...?
|
Yes, you do.
|
No, you don't.
|
|
He
|
doesn't have
|
Does he have...?
|
Yes, he does.
|
No, he doesn't.
|
|
She
|
doesn't have
|
Does she have...?
|
Yes, she does.
|
No, she doesn't.
|
|
It
|
doesn't have
|
Does it have...?
|
Yes, it does.
|
No, it doesn't.
|
|
We
|
don't have
|
Do we have...?
|
Yes, we do.
|
No, we don't.
|
|
They
|
don't have
|
Do they have...?
|
Yes, they do.
|
No, they don't.
|
Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction |
|---|---|
|
do not
|
don't
|
|
does not
|
doesn't
|
Meanings
Using the auxiliary verb 'do' to form questions and negative statements when 'have' indicates possession, relationships, or characteristics.
Possession
Asking about or denying ownership of physical objects.
“I don't have my keys.”
“Do you have a map?”
Relationships
Talking about family members or social connections.
“Does she have a sister?”
“We don't have many friends here.”
Characteristics/States
Describing features of things or people, or temporary states like illnesses.
“Does the room have a window?”
“I don't have a headache anymore.”
Reference Table
| فاعل | جمله مثبت | جمله منفی | سوالی | جواب کوتاه (مثبت) | جواب کوتاه (منفی) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
I have a phone.
|
I don't have a phone.
|
Do I have a phone?
|
Yes, you do.
|
No, you don't.
|
|
You
|
You have a dog.
|
You don't have a dog.
|
Do you have a dog?
|
Yes, I do.
|
No, I don't.
|
|
He
|
He has a car.
|
He doesn't have a car.
|
Does he have a car?
|
Yes, he does.
|
No, he doesn't.
|
|
She
|
She has a sister.
|
She doesn't have a sister.
|
Does she have a sister?
|
Yes, she does.
|
No, she doesn't.
|
|
It
|
It has a camera.
|
It doesn't have a camera.
|
Does it have a camera?
|
Yes, it does.
|
No, it doesn't.
|
|
We
|
We have time.
|
We don't have time.
|
Do we have time?
|
Yes, we do.
|
No, we don't.
|
|
They
|
They have tickets.
|
They don't have tickets.
|
Do they have tickets?
|
Yes, they do.
|
No, they don't.
|
طیف رسمیت
Does he possess a vehicle? (Transportation)
Does he have a car? (Transportation)
Does he have a car? (Transportation)
He got a ride? (Transportation)
فعل 'Have': سوالی و منفی
سوالها
- Do + I/You/We/They + have...? Do you have a pet?
- Does + He/She/It + have...? Does she have a car?
جملات منفی
- I/You/We/They + don't have... I don't have time.
- He/She/It + doesn't have... He doesn't have siblings.
قانون اصلی
- `do/does` + `have` (شکل اصلی) Never `has` after `do/does`!
چطور 'Have' سوال میپرسه و 'نه' میگه
ساخت سوالی و منفی با 'Have'
میخوای با 'have' (برای مالکیت/رابطه) سوال بپرسی یا یه جمله منفی بسازی؟
فاعل تو 'I', 'you', 'we', یا 'they' هست؟
فاعل تو 'he', 'she', یا 'it' هست؟
کدوم شکل از 'have' بعد از `do/don't` یا `does/doesn't` میاد؟
جفت کردن فاعلها با 'Do/Does Have'
فاعلهای 'Do'
- • I don't have...
- • Do you have...?
- • We don't have...
- • Do they have...?
فاعلهای 'Does'
- • He doesn't have...
- • Does she have...?
- • It doesn't have...
- • Does the dog have...?
یادآوری مهم
- • همیشه از `have` (شکل اصلی) استفاده کن
- • هیچوقت `has` بعد از `do/does` نه!
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Do you have a pen?
Do you have a pen?
I don't have a car.
I don't have a car.
Does she have a brother?
Does she have a brother?
He doesn't have a dog.
He doesn't have a dog.
Does your house have a garden?
Does your house have a garden?
We don't have any milk in the fridge.
We don't have any milk in the fridge.
Do they have a meeting today?
Do they have a meeting today?
She doesn't have much money.
She doesn't have much money.
Do you have any idea what time it is?
Do you have any idea what time it is?
The company doesn't have a good reputation.
The company doesn't have a good reputation.
Does this plan have any chance of success?
Does this plan have any chance of success?
I don't have the patience for this.
I don't have the patience for this.
Does the contract have a termination clause?
Does the contract have a termination clause?
He doesn't have the authority to sign that.
He doesn't have the authority to sign that.
Do these results have any statistical significance?
Do these results have any statistical significance?
The city doesn't have the infrastructure for such an event.
The city doesn't have the infrastructure for such an event.
Does the proposal have the backing of the board?
Does the proposal have the backing of the board?
The argument doesn't have a leg to stand on.
The argument doesn't have a leg to stand on.
Do you have any reservations about the new policy?
Do you have any reservations about the new policy?
The film doesn't have the same impact as the book.
The film doesn't have the same impact as the book.
Rarely do we have such an opportunity to effect change.
Rarely do we have such an opportunity to effect change.
Does the narrative have a cohesive internal logic?
Does the narrative have a cohesive internal logic?
The defendant doesn't have a shred of evidence in his favor.
The defendant doesn't have a shred of evidence in his favor.
Do you have the wherewithal to complete this task?
Do you have the wherewithal to complete this task?
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners see 'I haven't got' and think they can say 'I haven't a car'.
In 'I have seen', 'have' is a helper. In 'I have a car', 'have' is the main verb.
Thinking 'she' always needs 'has', even in negatives.
اشتباهات رایج
I no have a car.
I don't have a car.
Does he has a pen?
Does he have a pen?
He doesn't has a dog.
He doesn't have a dog.
Have you a sister?
Do you have a sister?
Do she have a car?
Does she have a car?
I haven't a clue.
I don't have a clue.
Does the room has enough light?
Does the room have enough light?
الگوهای جملهسازی
Do you have ___?
I don't have ___.
Does she have ___?
The ___ doesn't have ___.
Real World Usage
Do u have the address?
Do you have any vegetarian options?
Do you have any questions for us?
I don't have anything to declare.
She doesn't have many followers.
Does your computer have the latest update?
جوابهای کوتاه رو تمرین کن
Yes, I do. یا "No, she doesn't." توی مکالمات انگلیسی خیلی رایج هستن. زیاد تمرینشون کن تا طبیعیتر و با اعتماد به نفس بیشتری جواب بدی.بعد از 'do/does' هیچوقت 'has' نمیاد!
*Does he has... یا "*She doesn't has..."به شکلهای مخفف گوش بده
'Have' در انگلیسی آمریکایی و بریتانیایی
Have you got a car?) استفاده میکنه. هر دو درستن، اما برای زبانآموزای سطح A1، چسبیدن به do/does have معمولاً راحتتره و در سطح جهانی هم کاملاً مفهومه.
'Do' رو به عنوان شروعکننده سوال به یاد بیار
Smart Tips
Think of 'does' as a magnet that pulls the 's' away from 'has'.
Always start with 'Do' or 'Does' if the main verb is 'have'.
Mirror the helper verb used in the question.
Avoid contractions like 'don't' and use 'do not' for a more professional tone.
تلفظ
Reduction of 'Do you'
In fast speech, 'Do you' often sounds like 'D'ya'.
The 't' in 'don't'
The 't' at the end of 'don't' is often silent when the next word starts with a consonant.
Rising Intonation
Do you have a pen? ↗
Indicates a yes/no question.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Do and Does are the keys that unlock the Have-house.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a small 's' jumping from the word 'has' and landing on the word 'do' to make 'does'. Once the 's' has moved, 'has' becomes 'have' again.
Rhyme
When 'Does' comes to play, the 's' in 'has' goes away!
Story
The verb 'Have' is a king who is too lazy to ask questions or say no. He hires two servants, 'Do' and 'Does', to do it for him. 'Does' is very greedy and always steals the 's' from the king's 'has', leaving him as just 'have'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look around your room. Name 3 things you have and 3 things you don't have using 'I don't have...'. Then, imagine your best friend and name 3 things they don't have using 'He/She doesn't have...'.
نکات فرهنگی
Americans almost exclusively use 'do you have' for possession. Using 'have you' sounds very foreign or like a movie character.
In the UK, 'Have you got' is very common in informal speech, but 'Do you have' is perfectly acceptable and used in formal writing.
In international business, 'Do you have' is the preferred standard because it is clear and follows the most regular grammar rules.
The use of 'do' as an auxiliary (do-support) emerged in Middle English and became standard by the 17th century.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Do you have any pets?
Does your city have a good subway system?
Do you have a favorite book?
Do you have a lot of work this week?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
My phone ___ a good camera.
Find and fix the mistake:
He doesn't has a bicycle.
جمله صحیح رو انتخاب کن:
به انگلیسی ترجمه کن: 'No tengo tiempo para eso.'
Answer starts with: ["I...
Score: /4
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesWhich sentence is correct?
___ you have a map?
Find and fix the mistake:
Does he has a brother?
They have a dog. -> They ___ a dog.
A: Does she have a job? B: No, she ___.
Question check:
We don't have time.
Question form:
Score: /8
Practice Bank
14 exercises___ you ___ any plans for the weekend?
They doesn't have enough chairs.
جمله صحیح رو انتخاب کن:
به انگلیسی ترجمه کن: '¿Tu hermano tiene una bicicleta?'
این کلمات رو مرتب کن تا یک جمله بسازی:
فاعلها رو با شکل صحیحشون جفت کن:
Do you have a reservation? No, I ___.
My laptop not have enough memory.
کدوم سوال درسته؟
به انگلیسی ترجمه کن: 'No tenemos una reunión hoy.'
این کلمات رو مرتب کن تا یک جمله بسازی:
My neighbor ___ a dog, but he has two cats.
Do she has a ticket for the concert?
کدوم جمله درسته؟
Score: /14
سوالات متداول (8)
It is grammatically possible but very old-fashioned. In modern English, you should say `I don't have a car` or `I haven't got a car`.
In English, when we use a helper verb like `does`, the main verb must return to its base form (the dictionary form). The base form of 'has' is `have`.
Yes! The same rule applies: `Do you have to go?` or `I don't have to work today`.
Yes, they mean exactly the same thing. `Do you have` is more common in American English, while `Have you got` is more common in British English.
The most natural short answer is `Yes, I do` or `No, I don't`.
In casual speaking, people do this by raising their voice at the end. However, in writing and formal speaking, you should always use `Do`.
Yes, but the helper changes. In the past, we use `did`: `Did you have a car?` or `I didn't have a car`.
This is non-standard slang and is grammatically incorrect in formal English. You should avoid it in exams and professional settings.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
No tengo / ¿Tienes...?
Spanish has no 'do-support'.
Je n'ai pas / As-tu...?
French uses a two-part negative and no 'do'.
Ich habe kein... / Hast du...?
German uses verb-first word order for questions.
Arimasen / Arimasu ka?
Japanese uses verb endings and particles.
Ma 'indi / Hal 'indaka...?
Arabic uses particles and prepositional structures.
Méiyǒu / Nǐ yǒu... ma?
Chinese has a special negative word just for 'have'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
07:08 Making Polite Requests
A Simple Clear Explanation of the Verb TO DO
Learn English with Bob the Canadian
Learn Grammar: Negative Questions in English
English with Ronnie · EnglishLessons4U with engVid
Negative questions in English, answers, word order
Antonia Romaker - English and Russian online
Related Grammar Rules
نفی در انگلیسی: استفاده صحیح از 'not'
تا به حال سعی کردهاید بگویید `I not like coffee` و با نگاهی سردرگم مواجه شوید؟ این برای همه در شروع کار پیش میآید. گفت...
Can: پرسشها و منفیها
تا حالا شده گوشیت خاموش بشه و شارژر لازم داشته باشی؟ یا شاید توی یه مهمونی باشی و بخوای بپرسی که میتونی توی بازی بقیه ش...
پرسیدن سوالات 'چگونه' (How much, many, often, long, old)
### Overview در زبان انگلیسی، برای پرسیدن سوالات دقیق و دریافت اطلاعات خاص، از ساختارهای پرسشی مشخصی استفاده میشود. علا...
تگهای پرسشی پیچیده: بررسی اجتماعی (aren't I, shall we)
Overview آیا تا به حال پیامکی فرستادهاید و حس کردهاید که به یک تایید کوچک نیاز دارید؟ شما در اصل به دنبال یک `question...
اوج ادب: تسلط بر سؤالات غیرمستقیم
Overview تا حالا حس کردی وقتی چیزی میخوای، زیادی مستقیم و تند برخورد میکنی؟ تصور کن توی یه جشنواره موسیقی هستی و گم ش...
