A1 · 초급 챕터 5

Describing Your World and Actions

4 총 규칙
47 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power to describe your daily life and everything happening around you right now.

  • Master the base form of verbs for most people.
  • Understand the special 's' ending for he, she, and it.
  • Distinguish between routine habits and actions happening this very second.
From simple facts to living descriptions.

배울 내용

Let's learn to talk about what you and others are doing and what happens every day! We'll discover how to use action words correctly, like when to add -ing or «-s.» Get ready to describe your world clearly and easily!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: State facts about yourself and groups of people using the present simple.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Correctly apply the third-person 's' to verbs when talking about another person.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Describe what is happening in a photo or in your current environment using the present continuous.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Imagine yourself trying to share what you do every day, or tell someone what your friend is up to right now. This is where the magic of English grammar comes in! In this chapter, we're going to unlock the secrets of English describing your world and actions for beginners.
You’ll learn how to talk about your daily routines, facts about yourself and others, and even things that are happening right at this moment.
Mastering these basic structures is super important as you learn English A1 grammar. We'll look at how to use action words (verbs) when you talk about yourself (I eat), about groups (we play), and about single people or things (he works, she sings). We'll also dive into how to describe actions that are still in progress, like
I am reading
or
they are laughing.
By the end of this guide, you’ll feel much more confident describing your world clearly and easily, making your conversations much more vibrant!

How This Grammar Works

At its heart, talking about your world and actions means using verbs correctly. For actions that are habits, facts, or things that happen regularly, we often use the Present Simple. When you talk about yourself (I), or you, we, and they, it's super easy!
You just use the basic form of the verb. For example,
I eat breakfast every morning,
or
They play football on Saturdays.
This form describes regular occurrences that are true often or always.
Now, things change a little when you talk about he, she, it, or a single person/thing (like my sister or the cat). This is our special He/She/It Rule. For these, we add an -s or -es to the end of the verb.
So,
She drinks coffee,
and
He watches TV.
Knowing when to add -s or -es is key to sounding natural and correct.
But what if something is happening *right now*? That's where the Present Continuous comes in! We use a form of the verb 'be' (am/is/are) plus the -ing form of the main verb.
For example,
I am studying English,
or
They are listening to music.
This tells us the action is still in progress at the moment of speaking. Finally, we'll quickly look at the spelling rules for adding -ing to verbs, like changing dance to dancing or swim to swimming – it helps keep your writing and speaking accurate.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Forgetting the -s with He/She/It
✗ He like coffee.
✓ He likes coffee.
Explanation: Always remember to add -s (or -es) to the verb when the subject is he, she, it, or a single person/thing. This is a very common A1 mistake, but easy to fix!
  1. 1Confusing Present Simple and Present Continuous
✗ I am eat breakfast every day.
✓ I eat breakfast every day. (This is a habit/routine)
✓ I am eating breakfast now. (This is an action happening at this exact moment)
Explanation: Use Present Simple for routines and facts, and Present Continuous for actions happening right now or temporarily.
  1. 1Incorrect -ing Spelling
✗ I am swiming.
✓ I am swimming.
Explanation: For many short verbs ending in a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern, you often double the last consonant before adding -ing (e.g., run -> running, sit -> sitting). Also, remember to drop the 'e' from verbs like make before adding -ing (making).

Real Conversations

A

A

What do you do on weekends?
B

B

I play tennis, and my brother reads books.
A

A

Look! What is he doing?
B

B

He is drawing a picture. He draws every day, it's his hobby.
A

A

Where are you going right now?
B

B

I am going to the shop. We need some milk for breakfast tomorrow.

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I use the Present Simple in English to talk about myself?

For yourself (I), you just use the base form of the verb. For example,

I work in an office,
I learn English online,
I eat fruit for lunch.

Q

When should I add -s or -es to a verb?

You add -s or -es to a verb when the subject is he, she, it, or a single person/thing. For example,

He works hard,
She learns fast,
It eats a lot of food.

Q

What is the difference between

I eat
and
I am eating
?

I eat
means it's a habit or a general fact (e.g.,
I eat breakfast every day at 7 AM
).
I am eating
means the action is happening right now, at this moment (e.g., "Shhh, I am eating lunch now, I can't talk").

Q

How do I spell verbs ending with -ing correctly?

Most times, you just add -ing (e.g., read -> reading). If a verb ends in 'e', you usually drop the 'e' then add -ing (e.g., make -> making). If it's a short verb ending in consonant-vowel-consonant, you often double the last consonant (e.g., run -> running).

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these patterns constantly, making them absolutely essential for everyday communication. While formal settings might prefer complete sentences, in informal chats, you'll often hear shortened versions like "She's working instead of She is working." There are very few regional differences in how these basic grammar structures are formed; they are universally understood across English-speaking countries.

주요 예문 (8)

1

I work at a coffee shop.

저는 커피숍에서 일해요.

영어 동사: 나, 너, 우리, 그들 (현재 시제)
2

You speak English very well.

당신은 영어를 정말 잘해요.

영어 동사: 나, 너, 우리, 그들 (현재 시제)
3

He `drinks` coffee every morning.

그는 매일 아침 커피를 마셔요.

3인칭 단수 규칙: 동사에 -s와 -es 붙이기
4

She `watches` Netflix on weekends.

그녀는 주말마다 넷플릭스를 봐요.

3인칭 단수 규칙: 동사에 -s와 -es 붙이기
5

I am studying English right now.

저는 지금 영어를 공부하고 있어요.

현재진행형: 지금 일어나고 있는 행동
6

She is drinking coffee.

그녀는 커피를 마시고 있어요.

현재진행형: 지금 일어나고 있는 행동
7

She is `reading` a new book right now.

그녀는 지금 새 책을 읽고 있어요.

-ing 형태의 철자 규칙 (현재 진행형)
8

My cat is `sleeping` on my keyboard again.

제 고양이가 또 제 키보드 위에서 자고 있어요.

-ing 형태의 철자 규칙 (현재 진행형)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

간단하게 생각해요

주어가 'I', 'you', 'we', 'they'일 땐 동사를 '가장 기본 형태'로 써주면 끝! 아무것도 붙일 필요 없어요. 완전 쉽죠?
I eat an apple.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 동사: 나, 너, 우리, 그들 (현재 시제)
🎯

'Does' 규칙

문장에서 'does'나 'doesn't'를 사용하면, 본동사에서는 '-s'가 사라져요. 이미 'does'에 '-s'가 붙었거든요! "He doesn't like coffee."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 3인칭 단수 규칙: 동사에 -s와 -es 붙이기
💡

환상의 짝꿍을 기억하세요

be동사(am, is, are)와 -ing는 바늘과 실 같은 존재예요. 하나라도 없으면 문장이 어색해지니 꼭 같이 써주세요:
I am working at the office.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 현재진행형: 지금 일어나고 있는 행동
💡

'E' 소리에 귀 기울이기

동사가 'e'로 끝나는데 그 'e' 소리가 안 들리면 (make, write처럼요), 그건 '소리 없는 e'예요. 그럼 '-ing'를 붙일 때 'e'를 빼야 해요! 만약 'e' 소리가 들리면 (see, agree처럼요), 그냥 두세요!
I am making a cake.
vs
I am seeing my friend.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -ing 형태의 철자 규칙 (현재 진행형)

핵심 어휘 (7)

eat to consume food work to do a job watch to look at something for a time run to move fast on feet write to mark paper with words now at this moment every day daily habit

Real-World Preview

phone

A Phone Call from the Park

Review Summary

  • Subject (I/You/We/They) + Verb (base)
  • Subject (He/She/It) + Verb + -s/-es
  • Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing

자주 하는 실수

This is the most common mistake. Beginners often forget the 's' for the third person singular (he/she/it).

Wrong: He work in a bank.
정답: He works in a bank.

You cannot have an '-ing' action without the 'am/is/are' helper verb to show when it is happening.

Wrong: I reading a book.
정답: I am reading a book.

For short verbs with a 'consonant-vowel-consonant' pattern, you must double the final letter before adding -ing.

Wrong: He is runing.
정답: He is running.

Next Steps

You've just unlocked the most active part of the English language. Keep practicing by narrating what you see around you today. You're doing amazing!

Photo Description

Daily Routine List

Continue to: Talking About Actions and Habits

빠른 연습 (10)

현재진행형의 올바른 형태를 골라보세요.

She ___ a book right now.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is reading
주어가 'She'일 때는 be동사 'is'와 -ing 형태를 함께 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 현재진행형: 지금 일어나고 있는 행동

올바른 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: We watch movies.
주어 'we'가 현재시제일 때는 동사의 기본 형태('watch')를 사용해요. 'Watches'는 'he/she/it'을 위한 것이고, 'are watch'는 틀린 표현이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 동사: 나, 너, 우리, 그들 (현재 시제)

고양이에 대한 문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the grammatically correct sentence about a cat:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The cat sleeps all day.
고양이는 'it'이기 때문에 'sleep'에 '-s'를 붙여요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 3인칭 단수 규칙: 동사에 -s와 -es 붙이기

문장의 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

She wash her car every Sunday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She washes her car every Sunday.
'-sh'로 끝나는 동사는 3인칭 단수일 때 '-es'를 붙여야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 3인칭 단수 규칙: 동사에 -s와 -es 붙이기

현재진행형을 올바르게 사용한 문장은 무엇일까요?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I am eating pizza.
'I'와 어울리는 be동사는 'am'입니다. 'am eating'이 완벽한 세트예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 현재진행형: 지금 일어나고 있는 행동

빈칸에 'work'의 올바른 형태를 채워 넣으세요.

My brother ___ at a bank.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: works
'my brother'는 'he'이기 때문에 동사에 '-s'를 붙여요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 3인칭 단수 규칙: 동사에 -s와 -es 붙이기

문장에서 실수를 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

She is makeing a cake for her friend.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She is making a cake for her friend.
make처럼 소리 없는 'e'로 끝나는 동사는 -ing를 붙이기 전에 'e'를 빼야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -ing 형태의 철자 규칙 (현재 진행형)

문장을 완성하기 위해 올바른 `-ing` 형태를 고르세요.

My brother is ___ (study) for his big exam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: studying
'y'로 끝나는 동사는 아무것도 바꾸지 않고 -ing를 그냥 추가하면 돼요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -ing 형태의 철자 규칙 (현재 진행형)

올바른 형태를 고르세요.

I ___ (drink) coffee every morning.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: drink
주어 'I'가 현재시제일 때는 동사의 기본 형태인 'drink'를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 동사: 나, 너, 우리, 그들 (현재 시제)

틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

You likes pizza.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: You like pizza.
주어 'you'가 현재시제일 때는 동사가 기본 형태('like')를 사용하며, '-s'를 붙이지 않아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 영어 동사: 나, 너, 우리, 그들 (현재 시제)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

이 주어들이 습관, 일상, 일반적인 사실을 말할 때 사용하는 동사의 기본 형태예요. 예를 들어, I eat 또는 We study처럼요.
동사에 '-s', '-ing', '-ed' 같은 어떠한 어미도 붙지 않은 가장 간단한 형태를 말해요. 예를 들어 'walk', 'eat', 'study'처럼요.
아니요. 'they'가 한 사람을 가리킬 때도 동사는 항상 복수형을 써요. 예시:
They look happy today.
'Have'는 불규칙 동사라서 특별하게 변해요. 그냥 'He/She/It has'라고 기억하면 돼요.
말하는 순간에 진행 중인 생생한 동작을 묘사하는 거예요. I am eating처럼요.
주어 + am/is/are + 동사-ing 순서로 만들면 돼요. 예를 들어 She is studying이 있죠.
이전 챕터
Identifying People and Objects
다음 챕터
Talking About Actions and Habits
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