A1 Pronouns 1 min read آسان

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'Bu' for things near you and 'O' for things further away, adding '-lar' for plural objects.

  • Use 'Bu' for singular objects close to you: 'Bu kitab' (This book).
  • Use 'O' for singular objects far from you: 'O ev' (That house).
  • Add '-lar' to make them plural: 'Bunlar' (These) and 'Onlar' (Those).
Bu/O + (Noun) = Pointing

Demonstrative Pronoun Table

Singular Plural Meaning (Sing) Meaning (Plural)
Bu
Bunlar
This
These
O
Onlar
That
Those

Meanings

Demonstrative pronouns identify the location of an object relative to the speaker.

1

Proximity

Indicating physical distance.

“Bu qələmdir.”

“O maşındır.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Demonstrative Pronouns (Bu, O, Bunlar, Onlar)
Form Structure Example
Singular Near
Bu + Noun
Bu qələm
Singular Far
O + Noun
O qələm
Plural Near
Bunlar + Noun
Bunlar qələmdir
Plural Far
Onlar + Noun
Onlar qələmdir
Negative
Bu + deyil
Bu qələm deyil
Question
Bu + -dir?
Bu qələmdir?

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Bu mənim kitabımdır.

Bu mənim kitabımdır. (Casual conversation)

خنثی
Bu mənim kitabımdır.

Bu mənim kitabımdır. (Casual conversation)

غیر رسمی
Bu mənim kitabımdı.

Bu mənim kitabımdı. (Casual conversation)

عامیانه
Bu mənim kitabımdı da.

Bu mənim kitabımdı da. (Casual conversation)

Demonstrative Map

Demonstratives

Near

  • Bu This
  • Bunlar These

Far

  • O That
  • Onlar Those

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Bu mənim qələmimdir.

This is my pen.

2

O nədir?

What is that?

3

Bunlar mənim kitablarımdır.

These are my books.

4

Onlar kimdir?

Who are they/those?

1

Bu ev çox böyükdür.

This house is very big.

2

O maşın qırmızıdır.

That car is red.

3

Bunlar çox bahadır.

These are very expensive.

4

Onlar mənim dostlarımdır.

Those are my friends.

1

Bu məsələni həll etməliyik.

We must solve this problem.

2

O günləri heç vaxt unutmayacağam.

I will never forget those days.

3

Bunlar arasında seçim etmək çətindir.

It is hard to choose between these.

4

Onlar haqqında çox eşitmişəm.

I have heard a lot about them.

1

Bu qərarın nəticələri ağır olacaq.

The consequences of this decision will be severe.

2

O hadisə hər kəsi şoka saldı.

That event shocked everyone.

3

Bunlar sadəcə bəhanədir.

These are just excuses.

4

Onlar öz işlərində peşəkardırlar.

They are professionals in their work.

1

Bu yanaşma problemi kökündən həll edir.

This approach solves the problem from the root.

2

O dövrün ədəbiyyatı çox zəngindir.

The literature of that period is very rich.

3

Bunlar məntiqi cəhətdən əsaslandırılmalıdır.

These must be logically justified.

4

Onlar cəmiyyətin inkişafına töhfə verirlər.

They contribute to the development of society.

1

Bu fenomenin təhlili dərin araşdırma tələb edir.

The analysis of this phenomenon requires deep research.

2

O zamanlar hər şey fərqli idi.

Things were different in those times.

3

Bunlar sadəcə bir illüziyadır.

These are merely an illusion.

4

Onlar tarixin axarını dəyişdilər.

They changed the course of history.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Demonstrative Pronouns (Bu, O, Bunlar, Onlar) در مقابل O (Demonstrative) vs O (Personal Pronoun)

Both use the same word 'O'.

Demonstrative Pronouns (Bu, O, Bunlar, Onlar) در مقابل Bu vs Bunlar

Learners use singular for plural.

Demonstrative Pronouns (Bu, O, Bunlar, Onlar) در مقابل O vs Onlar

Learners use singular for plural.

اشتباهات رایج

Bu kitablar

Bunlar kitabdır

When using the pronoun, use the plural form.

Olar

Onlar

Missing the 'n' in the plural form.

Bu maşınlar

Bunlar maşındır

Mixing determiner and pronoun usage.

O kitab

O kitabdır

Missing the copula.

Bu-lar

Bunlar

Incorrect hyphenation.

Olar mənimdir

Onlar mənimdir

Spelling error.

Bu nədir?

Bu nədir?

Correct, but ensure context is clear.

O, mənim dostumdur

O mənim dostumdur

Unnecessary comma.

Bunlar gəlir

Bunlar gəlirlər

Subject-verb agreement.

O kitablar mənimdir

Onlar mənimdir

Redundancy.

Bu hadisə ki...

Bu hadisə...

Unnecessary particle.

Onlar ki gəldilər

Onlar gəldilər

Redundant particle.

O, ki...

O...

Punctuation error.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Bu ___ -dur.

Bunlar ___ -dır.

O ___ mənimdir.

Onlar ___ -dır.

Real World Usage

Shopping constant

Bu nə qədərdir?

Texting very common

Bunlar nədi?

Travel common

O nədir?

Job Interview occasional

Bu məsələni müzakirə edək.

Food Delivery common

Bu mənim sifarişimdir.

Social Media very common

Bunlar çox gözəldir!

💡

Context is King

Always look at what the person is pointing at to understand if they mean 'he' or 'that'.
⚠️

Don't forget -lar

If you are talking about more than one thing, you must use the plural form.
🎯

Use gestures

Azerbaijani speakers often use hand gestures to clarify distance.
💬

Politeness

Avoid pointing directly at people with your index finger.

Smart Tips

If you are holding it, use 'Bu'. If you are pointing, use 'O'.

O kitab (while holding it) Bu kitab (while holding it)

Always check if you need the plural suffix '-lar'.

Bu kitablar Bunlar kitabdır

Use 'Bu' for someone next to you, 'O' for someone across the room.

O mənim dostumdur (standing next to you) Bu mənim dostumdur (standing next to you)

Always put the question particle at the end.

Bu nədir Bu nədir?

تلفظ

Bunlar (bu-nlar), Onlar (o-nlar)

Vowel Harmony

The '-lar' suffix changes to '-lər' if the word has front vowels.

Question Intonation

Bu qələmdir? ↑

Rising intonation at the end for questions.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Bu is near, so it's 'Bu-here'. O is far, so it's 'O-over-there'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine holding a pen close to your nose (Bu). Imagine pointing at a mountain in the distance (O).

Rhyme

Bu is near, O is far, add -lar to make them plural.

Story

Ali holds a book. He says 'Bu kitabdır' (This is a book). He points to a car far away. He says 'O maşındır' (That is a car). He sees many birds. He says 'Onlar quşdur' (Those are birds).

شبکه واژگان

BuOBunlarOnlarKim

چالش

Point at 5 things in your room and say 'Bu [item]' for each one.

نکات فرهنگی

Pointing with a finger is considered rude in some contexts; using an open hand is preferred.

These pronouns originate from Proto-Turkic roots for proximity and distance.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Bu nədir?

Bunlar kimdir?

Bu maşın sənindir?

Bunlar arasında hansı daha yaxşıdır?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe three things on your desk using 'Bu'.
Point to things in a picture and describe them using 'O'.
Compare your current city with another using 'Bunlar' and 'Onlar'.
Write about a historical event using 'O' to refer to the past.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct demonstrative.

___ mənim kitablarımdır. (These)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bunlar
Plural near is Bunlar.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

___ maşın çox bahadır. (That)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O
Singular far is O.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Bu kitablar mənimdir. -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bunlar kitabdır
Use plural pronoun for plural items.
Make plural. Sentence Transformation

Bu qələmdir. -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bunlar qələmdir
Pluralize the pronoun.
Match the pronoun to its meaning. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This, That, These, Those
Correct mapping.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: ___ nədir? B: Bu mənim telefonumdur.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bu
Asking about something near.
Order the words. Sentence Building

kitabdır / mənim / Bu

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bu mənim kitabımdır
Correct word order.
Is this true? True False Rule

O is used for things near the speaker.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
O is for far things.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the correct demonstrative.

___ mənim kitablarımdır. (These)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bunlar
Plural near is Bunlar.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

___ maşın çox bahadır. (That)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O
Singular far is O.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Bu kitablar mənimdir. -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bunlar kitabdır
Use plural pronoun for plural items.
Make plural. Sentence Transformation

Bu qələmdir. -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bunlar qələmdir
Pluralize the pronoun.
Match the pronoun to its meaning. جفت کردن

Match: Bu, O, Bunlar, Onlar

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This, That, These, Those
Correct mapping.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: ___ nədir? B: Bu mənim telefonumdur.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bu
Asking about something near.
Order the words. Sentence Building

kitabdır / mənim / Bu

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bu mənim kitabımdır
Correct word order.
Is this true? True False Rule

O is used for things near the speaker.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
O is for far things.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

Use 'Bu' for things you can touch or are close. Use 'O' for things you need to point at from a distance.

Yes, you can use 'Bu' to introduce someone standing right next to you.

No, 'Onlar' can mean 'they' when referring to people.

It is the standard plural suffix in Azerbaijani.

Usually, 'Bu' is the default if you are holding the item.

No, these are neutral pronouns.

Yes, they function as pronouns on their own.

There are others like 'belə' (like this), but 'Bu' and 'O' are the core ones.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English high

this/that

Azerbaijani adds '-lar' for plural, while English changes the word entirely.

Spanish moderate

este/ese/aquel

Azerbaijani only has a two-way system.

German moderate

dieser/jener

Azerbaijani demonstratives do not have gender.

Japanese moderate

kore/sore/are

Azerbaijani is strictly distance from the speaker.

Arabic moderate

hadha/dhalika

Azerbaijani is gender-neutral.

Chinese high

zhe/na

Chinese does not use plural suffixes on demonstratives.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Was this helpful?
هنوز نظری وجود ندارد. اولین نفری باشید که افکار خود را به اشتراک می‌گذارد!