Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
When a verb is followed by a postposition like 'ke liye' or 'se', change the infinitive ending from -na to -ne.
- Change -na to -ne before any postposition (e.g., khana -> khane).
- Use 'ke liye' (for) to express purpose: 'padhne ke liye' (to study).
- Use 'se' (from/by) after verbs like 'darna' (to fear): 'girne se darna' (to fear falling).
Overview
jānā，但突然间你听到人们在句子中间说 jāne？这不是打字错误，他们也不是在嘟囔。你刚刚遇到了Oblique Infinitive（斜格不定式）。在印地语中，动词喜欢根据它们与谁在一起而改变装束。当一个动词（充当名词）与后置词（像“的”、“为了”、“在”、“从”这样的词）在一起时，它必须将外套从标准的 -nā 换成斜格的 -ne。把它想象成参加“后置词派对”的动词的着装要求。如果你想说“为了去”、“吃的”、“正要看”，你需要这个规则。How This Grammar Works
-nā 结尾的动词）表现得像阳性名词。就像当你在这个词 laṛkā（男孩）后面加“给”（laṛke ko）时它会变成 laṛke 一样，动词也会做完全相同的翻转。当不定式后面跟着一个后置词——或者某些特殊的助动词时——最后的 ā 音会变成 e 音。karne ke liye - 为了做）、描述（dekhne kā - 看的）或手段（jāne se - 通过去）来使用。
Formation Pattern
-nā 结尾的标准不定式开始。例如：bolnā（说）。
-nā 改为 -ne。
karnā（做）→ karne
dekhnā（看）→ dekhne
pīnā（喝）→ pīne
kā, ke, kī, ko, mẽ, se, par, 或 tak 这样的后置词了。
When To Use It
- 目的（与
ke liye或ko一起）： 当你*为了*一个动作做某事时。 English sīkhne ke liye（为了学英语）Ma͠i milne āyā hū̃.（我来见面。）- 描述/所有（与
kā/ke/kī一起）： 当一个动作描述一个名词时。 Gāne kā shauq（唱歌的爱好）Kām karne kā tarīqā（工作方式）- 时间（与
ke bād/se pahle一起）： 事件顺序。 Sone se pahle（睡觉前）Khāne ke bād（吃饭后）- 紧迫（与
vāle或ko一起）： 某事正要发生。 Train chhūṭne vālī hai.（火车正要离开。）Vah jāne ko hai.（他正要走。）- 与特定动词一起：
lagnā（开始）和denā（让/允许）总是触发这种变化。 Vah rone lagī.（她开始哭了。）Mujhe sone do.（让我睡。）
Common Mistakes
- “标准”死硬派： 说
jānā ke liye而不是jāne ke liye。这听起来很笨拙且错误。 - 性别混淆： 将斜格
ne与复数混淆。这里的Khāne不意味着“食物”或“多次吃”；它只是斜格中“吃”这个单一动作。 Cāhnā陷阱： 动词cāhnā（想要）很特殊。你通常对其保持标准的-nā：Ma͠i jānā cāhtā hū̃（我想去）。你*不*说Ma͠i jāne cāhtā hū̃。然而，像lagnā（开始）这样的助动词确实需要ne（jāne lagā）。
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- 斜格不定式：
Aapko jāne kī zarūrat hai.（你需要去。） - 礼貌祈使句：
Kṛpyā yahã āiye.（请来这里。）—āiye以ie/iye结尾，而不是ne。
ne（像 Rām ne khāyā）。那个 ne 是一个标记主语的单独单词。动词上的 -ne 后缀是动词本身的一部分。Quick FAQ
不会影响不定式本身！不定式总是变成 -ne。然而，跟随它的后置词可能会根据*后面的*名词发生变化（像 kā 对比 kī）。
当然。“Call karne ke baad batana” 是顶级的 Hinglish（印地英语）。
denā（给/让）怎么样？当 denā 意思是“允许”时，使用斜格。Usne mujhe jāne diyā（他让我走了）。
Oblique Infinitive Formation
| Infinitive (-na) | Oblique (-ne) | Postposition | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Khana
|
Khane
|
ke liye
|
Khane ke liye
|
|
Padhna
|
Padhne
|
se
|
Padhne se
|
|
Jana
|
Jane
|
ka
|
Jane ka
|
|
Sona
|
Sone
|
ke liye
|
Sone ke liye
|
|
Likha
|
Likhne
|
ki
|
Likhne ki
|
|
Bolna
|
Bolne
|
se
|
Bolne se
|
Meanings
The oblique infinitive is used when a verb acts as a noun governed by a postposition. It allows you to link actions to purposes, reasons, or relationships.
Purpose
Expressing the reason for an action using 'ke liye'.
“Woh khane ke liye bahar gaya.”
“Main sone ke liye ja raha hoon.”
Causality/Fear
Using 'se' to indicate the source or cause of an emotion or action.
“Mujhe akele jaane se darr lagta hai.”
“Woh girne se bach gaya.”
Possessive/Genitive
Using 'kā/ke/kī' to link a verb to a noun.
“Yeh sone ka samay hai.”
“Mujhe jaane ki jaldi hai.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Verb-ne + ke liye
|
Main khane ke liye gaya.
|
|
Negative
|
Verb-ne + ke liye (nahi)
|
Main khane ke liye nahi gaya.
|
|
Question
|
Kya + Verb-ne + ke liye?
|
Kya tum khane ke liye gaye?
|
|
Fear/Avoidance
|
Verb-ne + se
|
Woh girne se darr gaya.
|
|
Possessive
|
Verb-ne + ka/ke/ki
|
Yeh sone ka samay hai.
|
|
Comparison
|
Verb-ne + ke bajaye
|
Woh padhne ke bajaye so gaya.
|
正式程度
Main bhojan karne ke liye ja raha hoon. (Daily life)
Main khane ke liye ja raha hoon. (Daily life)
Main khane ja raha hoon. (Daily life)
Khane nikal raha hoon. (Daily life)
The Oblique Shift
Shift
- na to
- ne oblique
Postpositions
- ke liye for
- se from
- ka of
按水平分级的例句
Main khane ke liye ja raha hoon.
I am going to eat.
Woh sone ke liye gaya.
He went to sleep.
Hum khelne ke liye park gaye.
We went to the park to play.
Kya tum padhne ke liye baithe ho?
Are you sitting to study?
Mujhe akele jaane se darr lagta hai.
I am afraid of going alone.
Yeh kaam karne ka sahi samay hai.
This is the right time to do this work.
Woh girne se bach gaya.
He was saved from falling.
Kya tumhare paas likhne ke liye pen hai?
Do you have a pen to write with?
Usne mujhe aane ke liye kaha.
He told me to come.
Mujhe naye shehar mein rehne ki aadat ho gayi.
I have become used to living in a new city.
Woh bolne ke bajaye sunna pasand karta hai.
He prefers listening instead of speaking.
Iske alawa, mujhe jaane ki jaldi hai.
Apart from this, I am in a hurry to leave.
Sarkar ne naye niyam lagoo karne ka faisla kiya.
The government decided to implement new rules.
Mujhe usse milne ki umeed nahi thi.
I did not have the hope of meeting him.
Woh apni galti sudhaarne ke liye taiyaar hai.
He is ready to correct his mistake.
Is samasya ko hal karne ke liye humein mehnat karni hogi.
To solve this problem, we will have to work hard.
Vigyan ke kshetra mein aage badhne ke liye prayas jari hain.
Efforts are continuing to move forward in the field of science.
Usne apni baat samjhane ke liye kai udaharan diye.
He gave many examples to explain his point.
Samay par pahunchne ki koshish karna hamara kartavya hai.
Trying to reach on time is our duty.
Virodh karne ke bawajood, niyam badal diye gaye.
Despite protesting, the rules were changed.
Sahitya ka adhyayan karne ke liye gambhirta avashyak hai.
Seriousness is necessary to study literature.
Niti nirdharan karne ke liye visheshagyon ki salah li gayi.
Experts' advice was taken to formulate policy.
Vastavikta ko sweekar karne ke alawa koi vikalp nahi bacha.
There was no option left except to accept reality.
Sankat ka samna karne ke liye taiyariyan poori kar li gayi hain.
Preparations have been completed to face the crisis.
容易混淆
Learners mix up -na (subject) and -ne (oblique).
Both can end in -e, but they function differently.
Both are used in complex sentences.
常见错误
Main khana ke liye gaya.
Main khane ke liye gaya.
Woh padhna ke liye baitha.
Woh padhne ke liye baitha.
Hum khelna ke liye gaye.
Hum khelne ke liye gaye.
Kya tum sona ke liye ja rahe ho?
Kya tum sone ke liye ja rahe ho?
Mujhe akele jana se darr lagta hai.
Mujhe akele jaane se darr lagta hai.
Yeh kaam karna ka samay hai.
Yeh kaam karne ka samay hai.
Woh girna se bach gaya.
Woh girne se bach gaya.
Usne mujhe ana ke liye kaha.
Usne mujhe aane ke liye kaha.
Mujhe naye shehar mein rehna ki aadat hai.
Mujhe naye shehar mein rehne ki aadat hai.
Woh bolna ke bajaye sunna pasand karta hai.
Woh bolne ke bajaye sunne pasand karta hai.
Vigyan ke kshetra mein aage badhna ke liye prayas.
Vigyan ke kshetra mein aage badhne ke liye prayas.
Usne apni baat samjhana ke liye udaharan diye.
Usne apni baat samjhane ke liye udaharan diye.
Samay par pahunchna ki koshish karna.
Samay par pahunchne ki koshish karna.
句型
Main ___ ke liye ja raha hoon.
Mujhe ___ se darr lagta hai.
Yeh ___ ka samay hai.
Woh ___ ke bajaye ___ pasand karta hai.
Real World Usage
Khana order karne ke liye click karein.
Party mein nachne ke liye excited hoon!
Main naye kaam seekhne ke liye taiyaar hoon.
Train pakadne ke liye jaldi nikalna hoga.
Sone ke liye ja raha hoon.
Vigyan samajhne ke liye kitaab padhein.
Check the Postposition
Don't Conjugate
Listen for the -ne
Formal vs Informal
Smart Tips
Check if the first verb is followed by a postposition.
Always use the -ne form before 'ke liye'.
Use the -ne form before 'se'.
Use the -ne form before 'ka'.
发音
Oblique -ne
The 'e' in -ne is pronounced like the 'e' in 'bed'.
Purpose clause
Main [khane ke liye] gaya.
The purpose clause is often spoken with a slight pause before the postposition.
记住它
记忆技巧
Remember: 'Na' is for the start, 'Ne' is for the end (of the verb before a postposition).
视觉联想
Imagine a 'na' train car uncoupling and a 'ne' car clicking into place right before a postposition station.
Rhyme
When a postposition is in your sight, change 'na' to 'ne' to make it right.
Story
Rahul wanted to eat (khana). He saw a sign 'ke liye' (for). He quickly swapped his 'na' for an 'ne'. Now he could say 'khane ke liye' and finally enjoy his meal.
Word Web
挑战
Write 3 sentences about your day using 'ke liye' and the oblique infinitive.
文化笔记
The oblique infinitive is used extensively in both formal and informal speech in Delhi and surrounding areas.
In formal writing, the oblique infinitive is used to maintain precision and clarity.
Younger speakers often drop the 'ke liye' and just use the oblique form if the context is clear.
The oblique infinitive evolved from the Sanskrit verbal noun forms.
对话开场白
Tum aaj kya karne ke liye plan kar rahe ho?
Kya tumhe akele jaane se darr lagta hai?
Naye kaam seekhne ke liye tum kya kar rahe ho?
Kya tumhe subah jaldi uthne ki aadat hai?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
Main ___ (khana) ke liye gaya.
Find and fix the mistake:
Woh padhna ke liye baitha.
Which sentence is correct?
Sona -> ?
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Yeh ___ ka samay hai.
Find and fix the mistake:
Woh bolna ke bajaye sunna pasand karta hai.
Vigyan ke kshetra mein aage ___ (badhna) ke liye prayas jari hain.
Score: /8
练习题
8 exercisesMain ___ (khana) ke liye gaya.
Find and fix the mistake:
Woh padhna ke liye baitha.
Which sentence is correct?
Sona -> ?
Match: Padhna, Bolna, Likha
Yeh ___ ka samay hai.
Find and fix the mistake:
Woh bolna ke bajaye sunna pasand karta hai.
Vigyan ke kshetra mein aage ___ (badhna) ke liye prayas jari hain.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesGhar ___ ke bād call karnā.
Rām ne mujhe khānā banānā diyā.
Select the correct translation:
___ se pahle brush karo.
Match the verb forms to their contexts.
Unhõne pūchnā band kar diyā.
Mujhe ___ kī ādat hai.
Choose the sentence meaning 'Let him go'.
hū̃ / vālā / jāne / ma͠i
Way of talking
Laṛne ___ bajāye, bāt karo.
Which is correct?
Score: /12
常见问题 (8)
It changes to show that the verb is now acting as a noun governed by a postposition.
No, the oblique infinitive is invariant.
No, only use it when a postposition follows.
Yes, it is essential for formal and literary Hindi.
Both verbs should be in the oblique form if they are governed by the same postposition.
Yes, it is one of the most frequent grammar rules in Hindi.
Try writing sentences about your daily routine using 'ke liye'.
No, this rule is very consistent across all standard Hindi verbs.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
para + infinitive
Hindi requires a morphological change to the verb (-na to -ne), while Spanish does not.
pour + infinitive
Hindi requires a morphological change to the verb (-na to -ne), while French does not.
zu + infinitive
The structure is similar, but the Hindi oblique shift is unique.
tame ni + verb
Japanese uses the dictionary form, Hindi uses the oblique form.
li + masdar
The masdar is a noun, while the oblique infinitive is a modified verb.
weile + verb
Chinese verbs do not change form.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
相关视频
Related Grammar Rules
让人做事：第二使役动词 (-vana)
Overview The Second Causative verb form in Hindi, characterized by the suffix `**-vānā**` (`-वाना`), is a critical gramm...
可能不得不 & 也许能做到：情态动词组合 (सकना, पड़ना, पाना)
### Overview 在学习印地语达到C1高级水平时，我们不仅要掌握基础的词汇和简单的句子结构，更需要精准地表达那些带有语态（Moda...
连接动词：想要、开始、让 (Control & Raising)
Overview 你有没有注意到，在印地语中，如果你极其想要一个披萨，“想要”这个动词实际上会与*披萨*而不是你保持一致？这是真的。...
印地语助动词链：如何堆叠多个助动词 (Chaining)
Overview 是否觉得一个动词不足以表达你周五晚上看网飞的心情？... (Chinese translation here)
印地英语矩阵：印地语中的英语动词 (करना / होना)
Overview 有没有试过在Netflix上看没有字幕的宝莱坞电影？你可能会发现自己竟然能听懂一半的动词。你没疯。现代印地语运行在一个...
