Why does 'mi' have a space but 'be' doesn't?

It's a modern orthography rule. `می` is considered a separate particle that needs a 'half-space' (ZWNJ) to look right, while `ب` and `ن` are short enough to fuse with the verb.

Can I use 'be' for things I definitely will do?

No, `ب` is for uncertainty or commands. If you are definitely doing it, use `می` (Present) or the future tense.

What happens if a verb starts with a vowel?

Usually, a 'y' sound is added. For example, `ب` + `انداز` becomes `بینداز` (throw!).

Is 'nemi' used in formal writing?

Yes, `نمی` is standard for both formal and informal Persian to negate present continuous verbs.

How do I negate 'I have'?

The verb 'to have' (داشتن) is special—it usually doesn't take `می` in the present, so you just say `ندارم` (I don't have).

Can I say 'na-miravam'?

No, that's incorrect. You must use `نمیروم` (nemi-ravam) for the present negative.

Does 'be' change to 'bo'?

Yes! If the first vowel of the verb is 'o', like `خور` (eat), the prefix becomes `بخور` (bokhor) for easier pronunciation.

When do I use 'na' with past tense?

Use it for the simple past: `نرفتم` (I didn't go). If you were 'not going' (past continuous), use `نمیرفتم`.

Is 'be' used for 'should' in questions?

Yes, `بخورم؟` literally means 'That I eat?' but is used as 'Should I eat?'

What is the difference between 'naro' and 'nemirovi'?

`نرو` is a command ('Don't go!'). `نمیروی` is a statement ('You are not going').

होम
सीखो
फ़ारसी
व्याकरण
Spoken Persian and Object Marking
4 मुख्य क्रिया उपसर्ग (mi, be, na, nemi)

1 फारसी में अधिकार: मेरा, तुम्हारा, उसका (-am, -at, -ash) 2 बोलचाल की फारसी क्रिया शॉर्टकट: 'miram', 'mikham' 3 रा (Ra) मार्कर: विशिष्ट कर्म की पहचान (را) 4 फ़ारसी आदेश: लोगों को क्या करना है यह बताना (Imperatives) 5 4 मुख्य क्रिया उपसर्ग (mi, be, na, nemi) 6 वर्तमान निरंतर काल: अभी आप क्या कर रहे हैं (دارم می‌روم) 7 फारसी कैलेंडर: दिन, महीने और मौसम 8 गिनती और रैंकिंग: 'tā', 'nafar', और क्रमवाचक संख्याओं का उपयोग

अध्याय पर वापस

A2 Verb System 4 min read आसान

4 मुख्य क्रिया उपसर्ग (mi, be, na, nemi)

Master these four prefixes to control the timing, mood, and negativity of every Persian verb you speak.

सीखा हुआ चिह्नित करें

Practice it

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Master Persian verbs by adding these four simple prefixes to the front of your verb stem.

Use 'می' (mi-) for present continuous or habitual actions: می‌روم (I go).
Use 'ب' (be-) for imperatives or subjunctive moods: برو (Go!).
Use 'ن' (na-) or 'نمی' (nemi-) to make any verb negative: نمی‌روم (I do not go).

Prefix + Verb Stem + Ending = Conjugated Verb

Overview

फ़ारसी क्रिया उपसर्गों को अपने वाक्य के 'वाइब चेक' के रूप में सोचें...

Meanings

Persian verb prefixes are small particles attached to the beginning of a verb stem to indicate tense, mood, or negation.

Habitual/Continuous

Indicates an action that happens regularly or is currently happening.

“او می‌خندد”

“ما می‌دویم”

Imperative/Subjunctive

Used for commands or expressing desire/possibility.

“بگو”

“بخور”

Negation

Turns an affirmative verb into a negative one.

“نمی‌روم”

“نخور”

Present Tense Conjugation

Pronoun	Prefix	Stem	Ending
من	می	رو	م
تو	می	رو	ی
او	می	رو	د
ما	می	رو	یم
شما	می	رو	ید
آنها	می	رو	ند

Common Contractions

Full	Colloquial
نمی‌دانم	نمیدونم
نمی‌خواهم	نمیخوام

Reference Table

Reference table for 4 मुख्य क्रिया उपसर्ग (mi, be, na, nemi)
Prefix	Mood/Tense	Example	Translation
می (mi-)	Present Continuous	می‌نویسم	I am writing / I write
ب (be-)	Subjunctive	بنویسم	That I write / Should I write?
ب (be-)	Imperative	بنویس	Write!
ن (na-)	Negative Imperative	ننویس	Don't write!
ن (na-)	Simple Past Negative	ننوشتم	I didn't write
نمی (nemi-)	Present Negative	نمی‌نویسم	I am not writing / I don't write
می (mi-)	Past Continuous	می‌نوشتم	I was writing

औपचारिकता का स्तर

औपचारिक

من می‌روم

من می‌روم (daily life)

तटस्थ

می‌روم

می‌روم (daily life)

अनौपचारिक

میرم

میرم (daily life)

बोलचाल

میرم

میرم (daily life)

The 4 Pillars of Persian Verbs

Prefixes

Reality (می)

Habits I eat every day
Now I am eating now

Possibility (ب)

Commands Eat!
Desires I want to eat

Positive vs. Negative Prefixes

Positive

می‌روم I go

برو Go!

Negative

نمی‌روم I don't go

نرو Don't go!

Which Prefix Should I Use?

Is it a fact/habit?

YES

Use می (mi)

Go to next step

Is it a command or 'maybe'?

YES

Use ب (be)

NO ↓

Prefix Usage Scenarios

☕

Daily Life (می)

• Drinking coffee
• Working
• Sleeping

🙋‍♂️

Social Needs (ب)

• Ordering food
• Asking for help
• Giving advice

Examples by Level

من می‌روم

I am going

نمی‌روم

I am not going

برو

نرو

Don't go

او می‌خورد

He is eating

بنویس

Write

نمی‌خوابم

I am not sleeping

نخور

Don't eat

می‌توانم بیایم

I can come

باید بروم

I must go

نمی‌دانم

I don't know

نمی‌خواهم

I don't want

می‌گویند که او می‌آید

They say he is coming

بگذار بروم

Let me go

نمی‌توانستند ببینند

They couldn't see

نمی‌بایست انجام دهی

You shouldn't have done it

می‌بایست به او می‌گفتم

I should have told him

بمان تا ببینیم

Stay so we can see

نمی‌توان نادیده گرفت

It cannot be ignored

نمی‌باید چنین کرد

One should not do this

می‌بایست که می‌آمد

He ought to have come

بگویید تا بیایند

Tell them to come

نمی‌توانست که نیاید

He couldn't not come

نمی‌باید که می‌رفت

He shouldn't have gone

Easily Confused

The 4 Key Verb Prefixes (mi, be, na, nemi) बनाम می vs. Past Tense

Learners think 'می' is for all tenses.

The 4 Key Verb Prefixes (mi, be, na, nemi) बनाम ب vs. Simple Past

Learners add 'ب' to past verbs.

The 4 Key Verb Prefixes (mi, be, na, nemi) बनाम ن vs. نمی

Using 'نمی' for commands.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

✗

می‌برو

✓

می‌روم

Missing the personal ending.

✗

ب‌می‌روم

✓

می‌روم

Double prefixing.

✗

نمی‌برو

✓

نمی‌روم

Missing ending.

✗

ب‌رو

✓

برو

Incorrect spelling.

✗

ن‌می‌روم

✓

نمی‌روم

Incorrect negation prefix.

✗

ب‌نرو

✓

نرو

Negating a command keeps the 'ب'.

✗

می‌نرو

✓

نمی‌روم

Wrong prefix order.

✗

نمی‌باید

✓

نمی‌باید

Correct usage but often confused with 'نباید'.

✗

می‌باید

✓

باید

Redundant prefix.

✗

ن‌باید

✓

نباید

Incorrect prefix.

✗

می‌بگویید

✓

بگویید

Prefix conflict.

✗

نمی‌بگویید

✓

نگویید

Incorrect negation.

✗

ب‌می‌گویید

✓

می‌گویید

Double prefixing.

Sentence Patterns

من ___ می‌روم.

___ نمی‌خورم.

لطفاً ___.

من نمی‌توانم ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

نمیتونم بیام

Ordering food very common

یک چای بده

Job interview common

من می‌خواهم کار کنم

Travel common

می‌روم به هتل

Social media very common

می‌بینمت

Food delivery app common

نمی‌خواهم

🎯

The 'Want' Rule

Whenever you use 'want' (می‌خواهم), the next verb ALWAYS takes the ب prefix. It's a package deal!

⚠️

The Mi-Space

In digital typing, use Shift+Space for the 'half-space' in می‌شود. It keeps the prefix from looking like a separate word.

💬

Softening Commands

To make a ب command more polite, add 'lotfan' (please) or use the plural form even for one person.

Smart Tips

Check the tense first.

رفتم → می‌روم

Check if it's a command.

نمی‌رو → نرو

Use contractions.

نمی‌دانم → نمیدونم

Use full forms.

نمیدونم → نمی‌دانم

उच्चारण

mi-ro-vam

Prefix attachment

The prefix is attached to the stem, sometimes with a zero-width non-joiner.

Question

می‌روی؟ ↑

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Remember 'M-B-N-N': My Big New Notebook. M for 'می', B for 'ب', N for 'ن', N for 'نمی'.

Visual Association

Imagine a robot with four buttons on its chest. Pressing 'می' makes it walk, 'ب' makes it stop, 'ن' makes it freeze, and 'نمی' makes it turn off.

Rhyme

Prefixes at the start of the line, make the verb shine every time.

Story

Ali wanted to go to the store. He added 'می' to 'رو' to start walking. But he saw a sign saying 'نرو' (Don't go). He felt sad and said 'نمی‌روم' (I am not going).

Word Web

می‌روممی‌خورمبروبخورنرونخورنمی‌رومنمی‌خورم

चैलेंज

Write 5 sentences using each of the four prefixes in 5 minutes.

सांस्कृतिक नोट्स

In Tehrani dialect, the 'می' prefix is often shortened to 'م' in rapid speech.

Shirazi speakers often use different vowel sounds with prefixes.

In formal writing, the 'ب' prefix is always written clearly.

These prefixes evolved from Old Persian particles.

Conversation Starters

“

می‌روی؟

“

می‌خوری؟

“

می‌توانی بیایی؟

“

می‌خواهی بروی؟

Journal Prompts

Write about what you do every morning using 'می'.

Write a list of things you don't do using 'نمی'.

Write a set of instructions for a friend using 'ب'.

Describe a day where you didn't do anything using 'نمی'.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct prefix for a daily habit.

من هر روز ورزش ___‌کنم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می

Daily habits require the می prefix for the present tense.

Which sentence is a correct negative command? बहुविकल्पी

Choose the correct way to say 'Don't go!':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نرو

نرو is the imperative negative. نمی‌روی means 'you are not going'.

Find the mistake in this sentence: 'I want to eat' (می‌خواهم می‌خورم) Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

من می‌خواهم می‌خورم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من می‌خواهم بخورم.

After 'want' (می‌خواهم), the second verb must be in the subjunctive mood using the ب prefix.

Score: /3

अभ्यास प्रश्न

8 exercises

Fill in the correct prefix.

من ___روم (I am going).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می

Present tense uses 'می'.

Choose the correct negative. बहुविकल्पी

___روم (I am not going).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی

Present negative uses 'نمی'.

Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ب‌نرو

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نرو

Negative command drops 'ب'.

Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

روم / می‌ / من

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من می‌روم

Subject-Prefix-Stem-Ending.

Translate to Persian. अनुवाद

Don't eat!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نخور

Negative command is 'نخور'.

Conjugate for 'تو'. Conjugation Drill

می + رو

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می‌روی

Second person singular ending is 'ی'.

Match prefix to meaning. Match Pairs

می

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Habitual

می is for habitual/continuous.

Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use 'نمی' and 'خوردن'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من نمی‌خورم

Present negative.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises

Translate to Persian अनुवाद

I don't know.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی‌دانم

Complete the suggestion: 'Should we go?' खाली जगह भरो

___‌رویم؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ب

Put the words in order: 'Don't buy this phone.' Sentence Reorder

این / نخر / را / گوشی

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: این گوشی را نخر

Match the prefix to its function Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all

How do you say 'I was reading'? बहुविकल्पी

Select the correct past continuous form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می‌خواندم

Fix the negative past tense: 'I didn't see' (نمی‌دیدم) Error Correction

من دیروز فیلم را نمی‌دیدم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من دیروز فیلم را ندیدم.

Add the prefix: 'I am speaking Persian.' खाली जगह भरो

من فارسی حرف ___‌زنم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می

Which is more polite for 'Please sit down'? बहुविकल्पी

Choose the correct formal command:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بنشینید

Translate to Persian अनुवाद

Don't look!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نگاه نکن

Complete the sentence: 'I can go.' खाली जगह भरो

می‌توانم ___‌روم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ب

Score: /10

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)

'می' is for continuous/habitual, 'ب' is for commands/subjunctive.

No, they are mutually exclusive.

It is a grammatical rule to avoid double prefixing.

Only for present tense.

من نمی‌روم.

Mostly, but pronunciation varies.

The verb will sound incorrect or like a different tense.

Use the provided exercises and journal prompts.

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

No + verb

Persian prefixes are attached to the verb.

French partial

Ne...pas

Persian is a single prefix.

German low

Nicht

Persian is morphological.

Japanese moderate

Nai

Persian uses prefixes.

Arabic moderate

Persian is more agglutinative.

Chinese low

Persian conjugates.

फ़ारसी आदेश: लोगों को क्या करना है यह बताना (Imperatives)

वर्तमान निरंतर काल: अभी आप क्या कर रहे हैं (دارم می‌روم)

Related Grammar Rules

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4 मुख्य क्रिया उपसर्ग (mi, be, na, nemi)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Overview

Meanings

Habitual/Continuous

Imperative/Subjunctive

Negation

Present Tense Conjugation

Common Contractions

Reference Table

औपचारिकता का स्तर

The 4 Pillars of Persian Verbs

Reality (می)

Possibility (ب)

Positive vs. Negative Prefixes

Which Prefix Should I Use?

Prefix Usage Scenarios

Daily Life (می)

Social Needs (ب)

Examples by Level

Easily Confused

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Sentence Patterns

Real World Usage

The 'Want' Rule

The Mi-Space

Softening Commands

Smart Tips

उच्चारण

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Visual Association

Rhyme

Story

Word Web

चैलेंज

सांस्कृतिक नोट्स

क्या आप जानते हैं?

Conversation Starters

Journal Prompts

Test Yourself

अभ्यास प्रश्न

Practice Bank

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)

In Other Languages

Related Grammar Rules

औपचारिक भविष्य काल: मैं जाऊंगा (khāham raft)

फारसी सामान्य भूतकाल: पूर्ण कार्यों के बारे में बात करना (Gozašte-ye Sāde)

अतीत से पहले का अतीत: पूर्ण भूतकाल (Past Perfect / گذشته بعید)

बागी क्रिया: वर्तमान काल में 'dāshtan' (बिना mi- उपसर्ग के!)

फारसी में जारी क्रियाएं: सहायक क्रिया 'dāštan'

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