A2 Nouns & Pronouns 5 min read आसान

फारसी में अधिकार: मेरा, तुम्हारा, उसका (-am, -at, -ash)

Attach suffixes for casual talk or use the 'e' bridge for formal clarity to show ownership in Persian.
सीखा हुआ चिह्नित करें
इसका अभ्यास करें

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

In Persian, you don't always need a separate word for 'my' or 'your'; just attach a short suffix to the end of the noun.

  • For 'my', add '-am' (م) to the noun: 'ketab-am' (my book).
  • For 'your' (singular), add '-at' (ت) to the noun: 'ketab-at' (your book).
  • For 'his/her/its', add '-ash' (ش) to the noun: 'ketab-ash' (his/her book).
Noun + (م/ت/ش) = Possession

Overview

अवलोकन
कल्पना करें कि आप तेहरान के एक भीड़भाड़ वाले कैफे में हैं...

Possessive Suffixes

Person Suffix Example (Ketab - Book)
1st Sing
-am (م)
Ketab-am
2nd Sing
-at (ت)
Ketab-at
3rd Sing
-ash (ش)
Ketab-ash
1st Plural
-eman (مان)
Ketab-eman
2nd Plural
-etan (تان)
Ketab-etan
3rd Plural
-eshan (شان)
Ketab-eshan

Meanings

These suffixes function as possessive adjectives, indicating ownership or relationship to a person.

1

Possession

Indicating ownership of an object.

“کتابم (My book)”

“دوستت (Your friend)”

Reference Table

Reference table for फारसी में अधिकार: मेरा, तुम्हारा, उसका (-am, -at, -ash)
Person Suffix (Written/Spoken) Ezāfe Style English Meaning
1st Sing. (I)
-am
Noun + -e man
My
2nd Sing. (You)
-at / -et
Noun + -e to
Your (informal)
3rd Sing. (He/She)
-ash / -esh
Noun + -e u
His / Her / Its
1st Plur. (We)
-emān / -emoon
Noun + -e mā
Our
2nd Plur. (You all)
-etān / -etoon
Noun + -e shomā
Your (formal/plural)
3rd Plur. (They)
-eshān / -eshoon
Noun + -e ānhā
Their

औपचारिकता का स्तर

औपचारिक
Ketab-e man

Ketab-e man (General)

तटस्थ
Ketabam

Ketabam (General)

अनौपचारिक
Ketabam

Ketabam (General)

बोलचाल
Ketabam

Ketabam (General)

Ways to Show Possession

Possession

The Suffix Style

  • -am My
  • -et Your

The Ezāfe Style

  • Noun + -e + man My [Noun]

Written vs. Spoken Suffixes

Written (Formal)
-at (Your) Formal/Poetic
-ash (His/Her) Standard
Spoken (Casual)
-et (Your) Texting/Talking
-esh (His/Her) Daily life

Should I use a 'y' bridge?

1

Does the noun end in a vowel (ā, u, e)?

YES
Add 'y' before Ezāfe (e.g., pā-ye man)
NO
Just add -e (e.g., ketāb-e man)
2

Are you using a suffix instead?

YES
Attach suffix directly (pāyam)
NO ↓

Possession in Different Contexts

📱

Social Media

  • • Instat (Your Insta)
  • • Postam (My post)
  • • Aksesh (His/Her photo)
🏠

At Home

  • • Ghazāmoon (Our food)
  • • Kelidet (Your key)
  • • Otaghesh (His/Her room)
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

کتابم

My book

2

دوستت

Your friend

3

ماشینش

His car

4

خانه‌ام

My house

1

برادرم کجاست؟

Where is my brother?

2

این گوشی‌ات است؟

Is this your phone?

3

سگش خیلی بزرگ است.

His dog is very big.

4

مادرم در خانه است.

My mother is at home.

1

این مال من است، نه مال تو.

This is mine, not yours.

2

آیا این کلیدهایش است؟

Are these his keys?

3

دوست‌مان به تهران آمد.

Our friend came to Tehran.

4

نظرشان چیست؟

What is their opinion?

1

کتابم را گم کردم.

I lost my book.

2

او ماشینش را فروخت.

He sold his car.

3

نظرشان برای ما مهم است.

Their opinion is important to us.

4

آیا این همان کیف‌تان است؟

Is this that bag of yours?

1

آنچه در دستش بود، نامه بود.

What was in his hand was a letter.

2

خانهٔ پدری‌ام را بازسازی کردیم.

We renovated my father's house.

3

ایده‌شان بسیار خلاقانه بود.

Their idea was very creative.

4

سفرمان به شیراز عالی بود.

Our trip to Shiraz was great.

1

خاطراتش در ذهن‌مان باقی ماند.

His memories remained in our minds.

2

این همان خانه‌ایست که در آن بزرگ شدم.

This is the house where I grew up.

3

تلاش‌شان بی نتیجه ماند.

Their effort remained fruitless.

4

آیا این همان کتابی‌ست که به تو دادم؟

Is this the same book I gave you?

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

Persian Possession: My, Your, His (-am, -at, -ash) बनाम Ezafe vs Suffix

Both show possession.

Persian Possession: My, Your, His (-am, -at, -ash) बनाम Mal-e vs Suffix

Both mean 'my/your'.

Persian Possession: My, Your, His (-am, -at, -ash) बनाम Plural vs Singular Suffix

Mixing them up.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

✗

Man ketab

✓

Ketabam

Don't use the pronoun 'man' with the suffix.
✗

Ketab-e-am

✓

Ketabam

Don't add Ezafe before the suffix.
✗

Ketab-m

✓

Ketabam

Need the vowel 'a'.
✗

Ketab-ash-am

✓

Ketabam

Only one suffix at a time.
✗

Baba-am

✓

Baba-yam

Need the bridge 'y' after 'a'.
✗

Ketab-am-e

✓

Ketabam

Suffixes don't take Ezafe.
✗

Mal-e-am

✓

Mal-e man

Don't mix structures.
✗

Ketab-ash-ra

✓

Ketabash ra

Suffixes are attached to the noun.
✗

Ketab-eman-e

✓

Ketab-eman

Redundant Ezafe.
✗

Ketab-eshan-ra

✓

Ketabeshan ra

Suffixes are part of the word.
✗

Ketab-ash-e-man

✓

Ketab-e man

Mixing suffix and Ezafe.
✗

Ketab-am-i

✓

Ketab-am

Incorrect suffix usage.
✗

Ketab-ash-am-e

✓

Ketab-ash

Over-suffixing.
✗

Ketab-e-ash

✓

Ketabash

Ezafe is not needed.

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

___-am kojast?

___-at ghashang-e.

___-ash ra didam.

___-eman kheili bozorg-e.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Kujayi? Telefonam khamush-e.

Social Media very common

In mashinam-e!

Job Interview common

Tajrobe-am kheili ziad-e.

Travel common

Kif-am kojast?

Food Delivery occasional

Sefareshat-am kojast?

Classroom very common

Ketab-am ra avardam.

सभी उदाहरण देखने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
🎯

The 80/20 Rule

Spend 80% of your time practicing suffixes (-am, -et, -esh). That's what you'll hear in movies and music.
⚠️

No Double Dipping!

Never use the 'e' bridge and a suffix together. It's like saying 'the my book'.
💬

Politeness Counts

When talking to elders, use the plural suffix '-etoon' (your) even for one person. It shows respect!

Smart Tips

Always add 'y' (ye) before the suffix.

Baba-am → Baba-yam

Use 'mal-e' instead of the suffix.

Ketabam-e man → Mal-e man

Drop the 'a' in '-ash' to sound like 'esh'.

Ketab-ash → Ketab-esh

Always attach the suffix to the noun.

Ketab am → Ketabam

उच्चारण

Baba-yam

Vowel bridge

If the noun ends in a vowel, add 'y' (ye) before the suffix.

Question

Ketabam? ↑

Rising pitch at the end indicates a question.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Remember 'M-T-Sh' (Matash) like 'My-Thy-She'.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a book with a sticky note on the end. The note says 'am' for me, 'at' for you, 'ash' for him.

Rhyme

Add -am to the end, it's my best friend. Add -at to the end, it's your trend.

Story

I hold my book (ketab-am). You take your book (ketab-at). He reads his book (ketab-ash). We are all reading!

Word Web

KetabamMashinatKhaneashMadaremanPedaretanDarseshan

चैलेंज

Label 5 items in your room using these suffixes in 5 minutes.

सांस्कृतिक नोट्स

In spoken Tehrani, the 'a' in '-ash' often sounds like 'esh'.

In formal writing, suffixes are always used.

Poets may separate the suffix for rhythm.

These are enclitic pronouns derived from Old Persian.

बातचीत की शुरुआत

“

Ketab-at kojast?

“

Mashin-et che rangi-ye?

“

Doost-at kojast?

“

Nazar-et darbare-ye in film chie?

डायरी विषय

Describe your room using 5 items.
Write about your family.
Describe your favorite hobby.
Reflect on your day.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Incorrect

सही

Incorrect

सही

Incorrect

सही

Incorrect

सही

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct suffix for 'my' (informal).

دوست___ (Doost___) - My friend

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ام (-am)
The suffix for 'my' is '-am'. So 'Doostam' means 'My friend'.
Which sentence correctly says 'His car' using Ezāfe? बहुविकल्पी

Choose the correct formal possession:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ماشینِ او (Māshin-e u)
In formal Ezāfe, you need the short 'e' sound (Māshin-e) followed by the pronoun 'u' (he/she).
Find and fix the mistake in this sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

این کتابمِ من است. (In ketābam-e man ast.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: این کتابم است. (In ketābam ast.)
You cannot use both the suffix (-am) and the separate pronoun (man) together. It's either 'ketābam' or 'ketāb-e man'.

Score: /3

अभ्यास प्रश्न

8 exercises
Fill in the suffix for 'my book'.

Ketab___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: am
'-am' is for 'my'.
Which is correct for 'your car'? बहुविकल्पी

Mashin___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: at
'-at' is for 'your'.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Man ketabam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ketabam
Don't use 'man' with suffix.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

kojast / ketabam / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ketabam kojast?
Standard word order.
Translate to Persian. अनुवाद

His house

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Khaneash
'-ash' is for 'his'.
Conjugate 'Dars' (lesson) for 'my'. Conjugation Drill

Dars___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: am
'-am' is for 'my'.
Match suffix to meaning. Match Pairs

-am, -at, -ash

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My, Your, His
Standard order.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

My car is here.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mashinam inja-st.
Correct structure.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Translate to Persian using a suffix: 'Your (singular) house' अनुवाद

Your house

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خونه‌ات (Khooneat)
Reorder the words to say 'This is my bag.' Sentence Reorder

است / کیفم / این

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: این کیفم است
Match the English to the Persian suffix Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Match the following:
Add the correct Ezāfe connector (sound) to 'Parent's house'. खाली जगह भरो

خانه___ پدر (Khāne___ pedar)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ی (-ye)
How do you say 'Their room' in spoken Persian? बहुविकल्पी

Choose the casual spoken form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اتاقشون (Otāgh-eshoon)
Correct the mistake: 'Māshinam-e to' (Your car) Error Correction

ماشینمِ تو

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ماشینت (Māshinet)
Translate: 'Where is our car?' (Spoken) अनुवाद

Where is our car?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ماشینمون کجاست؟ (Māshinemoon kojāst?)
Which one means 'This is mine'? बहुविकल्पी

Whose is this?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: این مالِ منه. (In māl-e mane.)
Complete the sentence: 'His name is Ali.' खाली जगह भरो

اسم___ علی است. (Esm___ Ali ast.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ش (-ash)
Reorder to say 'Your (plural) coffee is ready.' Sentence Reorder

آماده است / قهوه‌تون / .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: قهوه‌تون آماده است.

Score: /10

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)

No, it's redundant.

Add a 'y' bridge.

Yes, they are standard.

Use '-eman'.

No, both use '-ash'.

Yes, they work the same.

For emphasis or contrast.

Yes, they are standard Persian.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

अभ्यास करने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

mi/tu/su

Persian suffixes are attached to the noun.

French moderate

mon/ton/son

Persian suffixes are attached to the noun.

German moderate

mein/dein/sein

Persian suffixes are attached to the noun.

Japanese low

no

Persian suffixes are part of the word.

Arabic high

i/ka/hu

Persian is Indo-European, Arabic is Semitic.

Chinese low

de

Persian suffixes are attached to the noun.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
बोलचाल की फारसी क्रिया शॉर्टकट: 'miram', 'mikham'

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