A2 Verb System 4 min read 简单

四个核心动词前缀 (mi, be, na, nemi)

Master these four prefixes to control the timing, mood, and negativity of every Persian verb you speak.
标记为已学
开始练习

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Master Persian verbs by adding these four simple prefixes to the front of your verb stem.

  • Use 'می' (mi-) for present continuous or habitual actions: می‌روم (I go).
  • Use 'ب' (be-) for imperatives or subjunctive moods: برو (Go!).
  • Use 'ن' (na-) or 'نمی' (nemi-) to make any verb negative: نمی‌روم (I do not go).
Prefix + Verb Stem + Ending = Conjugated Verb

Overview

把波斯语动词前缀看作是你句子的“氛围检测”...

Meanings

Persian verb prefixes are small particles attached to the beginning of a verb stem to indicate tense, mood, or negation.

1

Habitual/Continuous

Indicates an action that happens regularly or is currently happening.

“او می‌خندد”

“ما می‌دویم”

2

Imperative/Subjunctive

Used for commands or expressing desire/possibility.

“بگو”

“بخور”

3

Negation

Turns an affirmative verb into a negative one.

“نمی‌روم”

“نخور”

Present Tense Conjugation

Pronoun Prefix Stem Ending
من می رو م
تو می رو ی
او می رو د
ما می رو یم
شما می رو ید
آنها می رو ند

Common Contractions

Full Colloquial
نمی‌دانم نمیدونم
نمی‌خواهم نمیخوام

Reference Table

Reference table for 四个核心动词前缀 (mi, be, na, nemi)
Prefix Mood/Tense Example Translation
می (mi-) Present Continuous می‌نویسم I am writing / I write
ب (be-) Subjunctive بنویسم That I write / Should I write?
ب (be-) Imperative بنویس Write!
ن (na-) Negative Imperative ننویس Don't write!
ن (na-) Simple Past Negative ننوشتم I didn't write
نمی (nemi-) Present Negative نمی‌نویسم I am not writing / I don't write
می (mi-) Past Continuous می‌نوشتم I was writing

正式程度

正式
من می‌روم

من می‌روم (daily life)

中性
می‌روم

می‌روم (daily life)

非正式
میرم

میرم (daily life)

俚语
میرم

میرم (daily life)

The 4 Pillars of Persian Verbs

Prefixes

Reality (می)

  • Habits I eat every day
  • Now I am eating now

Possibility (ب)

  • Commands Eat!
  • Desires I want to eat

Positive vs. Negative Prefixes

Positive
می‌روم I go
برو Go!
Negative
نمی‌روم I don't go
نرو Don't go!

Which Prefix Should I Use?

1

Is it a fact/habit?

YES
Use می (mi)
NO
Go to next step
2

Is it a command or 'maybe'?

YES
Use ب (be)
NO ↓

Prefix Usage Scenarios

☕

Daily Life (می)

  • • Drinking coffee
  • • Working
  • • Sleeping
🙋‍♂️

Social Needs (ب)

  • • Ordering food
  • • Asking for help
  • • Giving advice
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

من می‌روم

I am going

2

نمی‌روم

I am not going

3

برو

Go

4

نرو

Don't go

1

او می‌خورد

He is eating

2

بنویس

Write

3

نمی‌خوابم

I am not sleeping

4

نخور

Don't eat

1

می‌توانم بیایم

I can come

2

باید بروم

I must go

3

نمی‌دانم

I don't know

4

نمی‌خواهم

I don't want

1

می‌گویند که او می‌آید

They say he is coming

2

بگذار بروم

Let me go

3

نمی‌توانستند ببینند

They couldn't see

4

نمی‌بایست انجام دهی

You shouldn't have done it

1

می‌بایست به او می‌گفتم

I should have told him

2

بمان تا ببینیم

Stay so we can see

3

نمی‌توان نادیده گرفت

It cannot be ignored

4

نمی‌باید چنین کرد

One should not do this

1

می‌بایست که می‌آمد

He ought to have come

2

بگویید تا بیایند

Tell them to come

3

نمی‌توانست که نیاید

He couldn't not come

4

نمی‌باید که می‌رفت

He shouldn't have gone

容易混淆

The 4 Key Verb Prefixes (mi, be, na, nemi) 对比 می vs. Past Tense

Learners think 'می' is for all tenses.

The 4 Key Verb Prefixes (mi, be, na, nemi) 对比 ب vs. Simple Past

Learners add 'ب' to past verbs.

The 4 Key Verb Prefixes (mi, be, na, nemi) 对比 ن vs. نمی

Using 'نمی' for commands.

常见错误

✗

می‌برو

✓

می‌روم

Missing the personal ending.
✗

ب‌می‌روم

✓

می‌روم

Double prefixing.
✗

نمی‌برو

✓

نمی‌روم

Missing ending.
✗

ب‌رو

✓

برو

Incorrect spelling.
✗

ن‌می‌روم

✓

نمی‌روم

Incorrect negation prefix.
✗

ب‌نرو

✓

نرو

Negating a command keeps the 'ب'.
✗

می‌نرو

✓

نمی‌روم

Wrong prefix order.
✗

نمی‌باید

✓

نمی‌باید

Correct usage but often confused with 'نباید'.
✗

می‌باید

✓

باید

Redundant prefix.
✗

ن‌باید

✓

نباید

Incorrect prefix.
✗

می‌بگویید

✓

بگویید

Prefix conflict.
✗

نمی‌بگویید

✓

نگویید

Incorrect negation.
✗

ب‌می‌گویید

✓

می‌گویید

Double prefixing.

句型

من ___ می‌روم.

___ نمی‌خورم.

لطفاً ___.

من نمی‌توانم ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

نمیتونم بیام

Ordering food very common

یک چای بده

Job interview common

من می‌خواهم کار کنم

Travel common

می‌روم به هتل

Social media very common

می‌بینمت

Food delivery app common

نمی‌خواهم

免费注册查看所有例句
🎯

The 'Want' Rule

Whenever you use 'want' (می‌خواهم), the next verb ALWAYS takes the ب prefix. It's a package deal!
⚠️

The Mi-Space

In digital typing, use Shift+Space for the 'half-space' in می‌شود. It keeps the prefix from looking like a separate word.
💬

Softening Commands

To make a ب command more polite, add 'lotfan' (please) or use the plural form even for one person.

Smart Tips

Check the tense first.

رفتم → می‌روم

Check if it's a command.

نمی‌رو → نرو

Use contractions.

نمی‌دانم → نمیدونم

Use full forms.

نمیدونم → نمی‌دانم

发音

mi-ro-vam

Prefix attachment

The prefix is attached to the stem, sometimes with a zero-width non-joiner.

Question

می‌روی؟ ↑

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

记住它

记忆技巧

Remember 'M-B-N-N': My Big New Notebook. M for 'می', B for 'ب', N for 'ن', N for 'نمی'.

视觉联想

Imagine a robot with four buttons on its chest. Pressing 'می' makes it walk, 'ب' makes it stop, 'ن' makes it freeze, and 'نمی' makes it turn off.

Rhyme

Prefixes at the start of the line, make the verb shine every time.

Story

Ali wanted to go to the store. He added 'می' to 'رو' to start walking. But he saw a sign saying 'نرو' (Don't go). He felt sad and said 'نمی‌روم' (I am not going).

Word Web

می‌روممی‌خورمبروبخورنرونخورنمی‌رومنمی‌خورم

挑战

Write 5 sentences using each of the four prefixes in 5 minutes.

文化笔记

In Tehrani dialect, the 'می' prefix is often shortened to 'م' in rapid speech.

Shirazi speakers often use different vowel sounds with prefixes.

In formal writing, the 'ب' prefix is always written clearly.

These prefixes evolved from Old Persian particles.

对话开场白

“

می‌روی؟

“

می‌خوری؟

“

می‌توانی بیایی؟

“

می‌خواهی بروی؟

日记主题

Write about what you do every morning using 'می'.
Write a list of things you don't do using 'نمی'.
Write a set of instructions for a friend using 'ب'.
Describe a day where you didn't do anything using 'نمی'.
Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct prefix for a daily habit.

من هر روز ورزش ___‌کنم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می
Daily habits require the می prefix for the present tense.
Which sentence is a correct negative command? 多项选择

Choose the correct way to say 'Don't go!':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نرو
نرو is the imperative negative. نمی‌روی means 'you are not going'.
Find the mistake in this sentence: 'I want to eat' (می‌خواهم می‌خورم) Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

من می‌خواهم می‌خورم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من می‌خواهم بخورم.
After 'want' (می‌خواهم), the second verb must be in the subjunctive mood using the ب prefix.

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct prefix.

من ___روم (I am going).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می
Present tense uses 'می'.
Choose the correct negative. 多项选择

___روم (I am not going).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی
Present negative uses 'نمی'.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ب‌نرو

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نرو
Negative command drops 'ب'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

روم / می‌ / من

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من می‌روم
Subject-Prefix-Stem-Ending.
Translate to Persian. 翻译

Don't eat!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نخور
Negative command is 'نخور'.
Conjugate for 'تو'. Conjugation Drill

می + رو

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می‌روی
Second person singular ending is 'ی'.
Match prefix to meaning. Match Pairs

می

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Habitual
می is for habitual/continuous.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use 'نمی' and 'خوردن'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من نمی‌خورم
Present negative.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Translate to Persian 翻译

I don't know.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی‌دانم
Complete the suggestion: 'Should we go?' 填空

___‌رویم؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ب
Put the words in order: 'Don't buy this phone.' Sentence Reorder

این / نخر / را / گوشی

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: این گوشی را نخر
Match the prefix to its function Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all
How do you say 'I was reading'? 多项选择

Select the correct past continuous form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می‌خواندم
Fix the negative past tense: 'I didn't see' (نمی‌دیدم) Error Correction

من دیروز فیلم را نمی‌دیدم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من دیروز فیلم را ندیدم.
Add the prefix: 'I am speaking Persian.' 填空

من فارسی حرف ___‌زنم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می
Which is more polite for 'Please sit down'? 多项选择

Choose the correct formal command:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بنشینید
Translate to Persian 翻译

Don't look!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نگاه نکن
Complete the sentence: 'I can go.' 填空

می‌توانم ___‌روم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ب

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

'می' is for continuous/habitual, 'ب' is for commands/subjunctive.

No, they are mutually exclusive.

It is a grammatical rule to avoid double prefixing.

Only for present tense.

من نمی‌روم.

Mostly, but pronunciation varies.

The verb will sound incorrect or like a different tense.

Use the provided exercises and journal prompts.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

免费注册开始练习

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

No + verb

Persian prefixes are attached to the verb.

French partial

Ne...pas

Persian is a single prefix.

German low

Nicht

Persian is morphological.

Japanese moderate

Nai

Persian uses prefixes.

Arabic moderate

La

Persian is more agglutinative.

Chinese low

Bu

Persian conjugates.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
波斯语命令句：如何祈使和要求
Next
现在进行时：你现在正在做什么 (دارم می‌روم)

Related Grammar Rules

A2

波斯语正式将来时：我将去 (khāham raft)

Overview The formal future tense in Persian, known as `زمان آینده مطلق` (`zamān-e āyande-ye motlaq`) or `زمان آینده ساده...
A2

波斯语简单过去时：谈论已完成的动作 (Gozašte-ye Sāde)

Overview The Persian Simple Past tense, known as `Gozašte-ye Sāde` (گذشته‌ی ساده), is foundational for narrating complet...
B2

过去的过去：过去完成时 (Past Perfect / گذشته بعید)

Overview The Persian Past Perfect tense, known as **گذشته بعید (gozashteh-ye ba'id)**, is a compound tense essential fo...
A1

叛逆动词：现在时的“拥有” (dāshtan)（没有 mi- 前缀！）

Overview 有没有注意到有些动词就是拒绝遵守规则？在波斯语中，`dāshtan`（拥有）是终极叛逆者。虽然几乎所有其他现在的时态动词...
C2

波斯语进行时：助动词 'dāštan' 的用法

Overview The Persian verb system distinguishes between habitual actions and actions in progress. While the ubiquitous pr...
Was this helpful?

评论 (0)

登录后评论
还没有评论。成为第一个分享想法的人！