A2 Verb System 6 min read 简单

现在进行时：你现在正在做什么 (دارم می‌روم)

Combine a conjugated form of داشتن with the present continuous to express 'right now' actions.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'dāram' + the present stem of a verb to describe actions happening right now.

  • Start with the auxiliary verb 'dāshtan' conjugated in the present tense (e.g., dāram).
  • Follow it with the main verb conjugated in the present tense (e.g., miravam).
  • Combine them: 'dāram miravam' means 'I am going'.
Subject + (dāram/dāri/dārad...) + (verb-am/i/ad...)

Overview

你的Uber司机正在给你打电话... (Chinese translation)

Conjugation of 'To be doing' (Example: kār kardan - to work)

Subject Auxiliary (dāshtan) Main Verb Full Form
Man (I)
dāram
kār mikonam
dāram kār mikonam
To (You)
dāri
kār mikoni
dāri kār mikoni
Ou (He/She)
dārad
kār mikonad
dārad kār mikonad
Mā (We)
dārim
kār mikonim
dārim kār mikonim
Shomā (You all)
dārid
kār mikonid
dārid kār mikonid
Ānhā (They)
dārand
kār mikonand
dārand kār mikonand

Colloquial Short Forms

Full Colloquial
dāram
dāram
dāri
dāri
dārad
dāre
dārim
dārim
dārid
dārid
dārand
dāran

Meanings

This tense describes an action currently in progress at the time of speaking.

1

Current Action

Action happening at the exact moment of speech.

“دارم ناهار می‌خورم (I am eating lunch).”

“او دارد تلویزیون تماشا می‌کند (He is watching TV).”

2

Ongoing Process

An action that is currently underway over a period of time.

“دارم روی این پروژه کار می‌کنم (I am working on this project).”

“دارم برای امتحان درس می‌خوانم (I am studying for the exam).”

Reference Table

Reference table for 现在进行时：你现在正在做什么 (دارم می‌روم)
Subject Helper (داشتن) Main Verb (می + Stem + End) English Meaning
من (Man)
دارم (Dāram)
می‌خورم (Mikhoram)
I am eating
تو (To)
داری (Dāri)
می‌نویسی (Minevisi)
You are writing
او (U)
دارد (Dārad)
می‌خواند (Mikhānad)
He/She is reading
ما (Mā)
داریم (Dārim)
می‌رویم (Miravim)
We are going
شما (Shomā)
دارید (Dārid)
می‌کنید (Mikonid)
You (pl) are doing
آن‌ها (Anhā)
دارند (Dārand)
می‌دوند (Midavand)
They are running

正式程度

正式
من دارم به فروشگاه می‌روم.

من دارم به فروشگاه می‌روم. (Daily life)

中性
دارم می‌روم فروشگاه.

دارم می‌روم فروشگاه. (Daily life)

非正式
دارم میرم مغازه.

دارم میرم مغازه. (Daily life)

俚语
دارم میرم اونجا.

دارم میرم اونجا. (Daily life)

The Anatomy of 'Right Now'

Progressive Tense

Helper Verb

  • داشتن to have

Main Verb

  • می + stem continuous form

Habit vs. Right Now

Present Simple (Habit)
می‌خورم I eat (usually)
Progressive (Right Now)
دارم می‌خورم I am eating (now)

Should I use the Progressive?

1

Is the action happening this second?

YES
Go to next step
NO
Use Present Simple
2

Is it a positive sentence?

YES
Use Progressive!
NO ↓

Common 'Right Now' Verbs

🏠

Daily Actions

  • • خوردن (eating)
  • • خوابیدن (sleeping)
  • • رفتن (going)
📱

Communication

  • • نوشتن (writing)
  • • حرف زدن (talking)
  • • خواندن (reading)
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按水平分级的例句

1

دارم می‌خورم

I am eating

2

دارم می‌خوابم

I am sleeping

3

دارم می‌نویسم

I am writing

4

دارم می‌آیم

I am coming

1

او دارد کتاب می‌خواند

He is reading a book

2

ما داریم فارسی حرف می‌زنیم

We are speaking Persian

3

شما دارید تلویزیون تماشا می‌کنید

You are watching TV

4

آن‌ها دارند بازی می‌کنند

They are playing

1

دارم روی این گزارش کار می‌کنم

I am working on this report

2

او دارد برای امتحان آماده می‌شود

She is preparing for the exam

3

ما داریم به موسیقی گوش می‌دهیم

We are listening to music

4

آیا داری شام درست می‌کنی؟

Are you making dinner?

1

دارم سعی می‌کنم تمرکز کنم

I am trying to focus

2

او دارد به حرف‌های من گوش می‌دهد

He is listening to my words

3

ما داریم برای سفر برنامه‌ریزی می‌کنیم

We are planning for the trip

4

آن‌ها دارند درباره سیاست بحث می‌کنند

They are discussing politics

1

دارم به این فکر می‌کنم که چطور شروع کنم

I am thinking about how to start

2

او دارد با تمام توان تلاش می‌کند

He is trying with all his might

3

ما داریم تغییرات بزرگی را تجربه می‌کنیم

We are experiencing big changes

4

آیا داری به عواقب کار فکر می‌کنی؟

Are you thinking about the consequences?

1

دارم این موضوع را از زوایای مختلف بررسی می‌کنم

I am examining this issue from different angles

2

او دارد میراث فرهنگی را زنده نگه می‌دارد

He is keeping the cultural heritage alive

3

ما داریم به سمت یک تحول بنیادین حرکت می‌کنیم

We are moving toward a fundamental transformation

4

آن‌ها دارند با چالش‌های پیچیده‌ای دست و پنجه نرم می‌کنند

They are grappling with complex challenges

容易混淆

The 'Right Now' Tense (دارم می‌روم) 对比 Simple Present vs. Progressive

Learners use progressive for habits.

The 'Right Now' Tense (دارم می‌روم) 对比 Past Progressive vs. Present Progressive

Mixing up the auxiliary.

The 'Right Now' Tense (دارم می‌روم) 对比 Infinitive vs. Present Stem

Using the infinitive after dāram.

常见错误

✗

man dāram raftan

✓

man dāram miravam

Must use the conjugated present tense.
✗

dāram kār

✓

dāram kār mikonam

Need the verb.
✗

man miravam

✓

man dāram miravam

Missing the progressive marker.
✗

dāram raft

✓

dāram miravam

Wrong tense.
✗

dāram nemi-miravam

✓

dāram nemiravam

Double prefix error.
✗

dāri miravam

✓

dāri miravi

Subject agreement error.
✗

dārad miravam

✓

dārad miravad

Subject agreement error.
✗

dāram har ruz miravam

✓

har ruz miravam

Progressive used for habit.
✗

dāram dāashtan miravam

✓

dāram miravam

Redundant auxiliary.
✗

dāram mikhāham beravam

✓

dāram miravam

Mixing tenses.
✗

dāram bāz-mi-gardam

✓

dāram bāz-mi-gardam

Correct, but watch for prefix placement.
✗

dāram mikhānam-e

✓

dāram mikhānam

Extra suffix.
✗

dāram-ash miravam

✓

dāram miravam

Object pronoun confusion.

句型

من دارم ___ می‌کنم.

آیا داری ___ می‌خوری؟

او دارد به ___ گوش می‌دهد.

ما داریم درباره ___ بحث می‌کنیم.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

dāram miyām!

Work very common

dāram gozāresh rā amāde mikonam.

Ordering Food common

dāram pitzā sefāresh midam.

Travel occasional

dāram be tehrān miravam.

Social Media very common

dāram az inja lezzat mibaram!

Job Interview common

dāram barāye in forsat amāde mishavam.

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🎯

The WhatsApp Trick

When you see 'Typing...' on WhatsApp, that's exactly when you'd use this tense in Persian: دارد می‌نویسد.
⚠️

No Negatives

Avoid using this tense for 'I am not doing'. Just use the standard negative نمی‌کنم. It sounds much more natural.
💬

Spoken vs. Written

In books, you'll rarely see دارم می‌روم. Authors prefer می‌روم. Save the progressive for your friends and family.

Smart Tips

Use the progressive instead of simple present.

man miravam (I go) → dāram miravam (I am going)

Always use the progressive.

man kār mikonam (I work) → dāram kār mikonam (I am working)

Use progressive for background actions.

bārān bārid (it rained) → dāsht bārān mibārid (it was raining)

Use the short form 'dāam'.

dāram miyāam (I am coming) → dāam miyām (I'm coming)

发音

DAA-ram

Dāram

The 'ā' is long, like in 'father'.

Question

Dāri miravi? ↑

Rising intonation at the end.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Dāram' as 'I have' a task in my hands right now.

视觉联想

Imagine holding a 'D' shaped battery (Dāram) that powers your current action verb.

Rhyme

Dāram, Dāri, Dārad, the action is here, the action is started.

Story

I am holding a phone (Dāram). I am talking (sohbat mikonam). I am walking (rāh miravam). I am doing everything at once!

Word Web

dāramdāridāraddārimdāriddārandmikonammiravam

挑战

Write 5 sentences about what you are doing right now in your room.

文化笔记

In Tehran, 'dāram' is often shortened to 'dāam' in very fast speech.

Shirazi speakers often use a different auxiliary structure.

They often use 'dāram' but with different verb stems.

The progressive tense evolved from the verb 'dāshtan' (to have) used as an auxiliary.

对话开场白

“

داری چیکار می‌کنی؟

“

آیا داری کتاب می‌خوانی؟

“

چرا داری این کار را می‌کنی؟

“

آیا داری به آینده فکر می‌کنی؟

日记主题

Describe your morning routine using the progressive tense.
What are you currently learning in Persian?
Write about a project you are working on.
Reflect on a change you are experiencing.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

Complete the sentence to say 'I am writing' (right now).

من ___ ___ (write).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: دارم می‌نویسم
You need 'dāram' (I have) + 'minevisam' (I am writing).
Which sentence correctly describes an action happening right now? 多项选择

Choose the correct progressive form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ما داریم می‌رویم.
'Mā dārim miravim' uses the helper verb and the continuous form correctly.
Find the error in this sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

او دارد می‌روم به خانه.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او دارد می‌رود به خانه.
The main verb must match the subject 'U' (He/She), so 'miravad' is correct, not 'miravam'.

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct auxiliary.

Man ___ miravam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dāram
Man requires dāram.
Choose the correct form. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dāram miravam
Subject agreement.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Man dāram kār.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man dāram kār mikonam
Need the verb.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

miravam / dāram / man

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: man dāram miravam
Standard order.
Translate to Persian. 翻译

I am eating.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dāram mikhoram
Eating is khordan.
Conjugate for 'Ou'. Conjugation Drill

dāram miravam -> ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dārad miravad
Third person singular.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Subject: Mā, Verb: kār kardan

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mā dārim kār mikonim
Agreement.
Match the subject. Match Pairs

Mā -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dārim
First person plural.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the helper verb for 'You (singular) are eating'. 填空

تو ___ می‌خوری.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: داری
Reorder the words to say 'They are watching a movie'. Sentence Reorder

فیلم / دارند / آن‌ها / می‌بینند

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: آن‌ها دارند فیلم می‌بینند
Translate 'We are speaking' into Persian. 翻译

We are speaking.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ما داریم حرف می‌زنیم
Match the English to the Persian. Match Pairs

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I am going:دارم می‌روم, You are going:داری می‌روی, He is going:دارد می‌رود
Pick the spoken/informal version of 'I am coming'. 多项选择

Which one is more common in speech?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: دارم می‌آم
Fix the missing prefix. Error Correction

من دارم خورم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من دارم می‌خورم.
Complete the sentence: 'The cat is sleeping'. 填空

گربه دارد ___ (sleep).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می‌خوابد
Reorder: 'I am reading a book'. Sentence Reorder

کتاب / دارم / من / می‌خوانم

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من دارم کتاب می‌خوانم
Translate: 'Are you (plural) listening?' 翻译

Are you (plural) listening?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: دارید گوش می‌دهید؟
Identify the progressive tense. 多项选择

Which of these is the progressive tense?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: دارد می‌بارد

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

No, use the simple present or future tense.

Yes, Persian is pro-drop.

The progressive still uses the present stem.

Yes, in dialogue and informal writing.

Add 'na' to the main verb.

Mostly, yes.

It historically meant 'I possess the action'.

Yes, especially in pronunciation.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

estar + gerundio

Persian uses 'to have' while Spanish uses 'to be'.

French moderate

être en train de + infinitive

Persian is more compact.

German low

am + infinitive (colloquial)

Persian has a standard grammatical tense.

Japanese high

-te iru

Persian uses a prefix-like auxiliary.

Arabic moderate

am + verb

Persian auxiliary conjugates.

Chinese moderate

zài + verb

Persian auxiliary changes by person.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
四个核心动词前缀 (mi, be, na, nemi)
Next
波斯历法：日期、月份与季节

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