Why does 'mi' have a space but 'be' doesn't?

It's a modern orthography rule. `می` is considered a separate particle that needs a 'half-space' (ZWNJ) to look right, while `ب` and `ن` are short enough to fuse with the verb.

Can I use 'be' for things I definitely will do?

No, `ب` is for uncertainty or commands. If you are definitely doing it, use `می` (Present) or the future tense.

What happens if a verb starts with a vowel?

Usually, a 'y' sound is added. For example, `ب` + `انداز` becomes `بینداز` (throw!).

Is 'nemi' used in formal writing?

Yes, `نمی` is standard for both formal and informal Persian to negate present continuous verbs.

How do I negate 'I have'?

The verb 'to have' (داشتن) is special—it usually doesn't take `می` in the present, so you just say `ندارم` (I don't have).

Can I say 'na-miravam'?

No, that's incorrect. You must use `نمیروم` (nemi-ravam) for the present negative.

Does 'be' change to 'bo'?

Yes! If the first vowel of the verb is 'o', like `خور` (eat), the prefix becomes `بخور` (bokhor) for easier pronunciation.

When do I use 'na' with past tense?

Use it for the simple past: `نرفتم` (I didn't go). If you were 'not going' (past continuous), use `نمیرفتم`.

Is 'be' used for 'should' in questions?

Yes, `بخورم؟` literally means 'That I eat?' but is used as 'Should I eat?'

What is the difference between 'naro' and 'nemirovi'?

`نرو` is a command ('Don't go!'). `نمیروی` is a statement ('You are not going').

홈
학습
페르시아어
문법
Spoken Persian and Object Marking
4가지 주요 동사 접두사 (mi, be, na, nemi)

1 페르시아어 소유격: 나의, 너의, 그의 (-am, -at, -ash) 2 페르시아어 구어체 동사 축약형: 'miram', 'mikham' 3 Ra 마커: 특정 목적어 표시하기 (را) 4 페르시아어 명령문: 상대방에게 행동 요청하기 5 4가지 주요 동사 접두사 (mi, be, na, nemi) 6 현재 진행형: 지금 당장 하고 있는 일 (دارم می‌روم) 7 페르시아 달력: 요일, 월, 계절 8 숫자 세기와 순위 매기기: 'tā', 'nafar' 및 서수 사용법

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A2 Verb System 4 min read 쉬움

4가지 주요 동사 접두사 (mi, be, na, nemi)

Master these four prefixes to control the timing, mood, and negativity of every Persian verb you speak.

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연습하기

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Master Persian verbs by adding these four simple prefixes to the front of your verb stem.

Use 'می' (mi-) for present continuous or habitual actions: می‌روم (I go).
Use 'ب' (be-) for imperatives or subjunctive moods: برو (Go!).
Use 'ن' (na-) or 'نمی' (nemi-) to make any verb negative: نمی‌روم (I do not go).

Prefix + Verb Stem + Ending = Conjugated Verb

Overview

페르시아어 동사 접두사를 문장의 '분위기 체크'라고 생각해보세요...

Present Tense Conjugation

Pronoun	Prefix	Stem	Ending
من	می	رو	م
تو	می	رو	ی
او	می	رو	د
ما	می	رو	یم
شما	می	رو	ید
آنها	می	رو	ند

Common Contractions

Full	Colloquial
نمی‌دانم	نمیدونم
نمی‌خواهم	نمیخوام

Meanings

Persian verb prefixes are small particles attached to the beginning of a verb stem to indicate tense, mood, or negation.

Habitual/Continuous

Indicates an action that happens regularly or is currently happening.

“او می‌خندد”

“ما می‌دویم”

Imperative/Subjunctive

Used for commands or expressing desire/possibility.

“بگو”

“بخور”

Negation

Turns an affirmative verb into a negative one.

“نمی‌روم”

“نخور”

Reference Table

Reference table for 4가지 주요 동사 접두사 (mi, be, na, nemi)
Prefix	Mood/Tense	Example	Translation
می (mi-)	Present Continuous	می‌نویسم	I am writing / I write
ب (be-)	Subjunctive	بنویسم	That I write / Should I write?
ب (be-)	Imperative	بنویس	Write!
ن (na-)	Negative Imperative	ننویس	Don't write!
ن (na-)	Simple Past Negative	ننوشتم	I didn't write
نمی (nemi-)	Present Negative	نمی‌نویسم	I am not writing / I don't write
می (mi-)	Past Continuous	می‌نوشتم	I was writing

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체

من می‌روم

من می‌روم (daily life)

중립

می‌روم

می‌روم (daily life)

비격식체

میرم

میرم (daily life)

속어

میرم

میرم (daily life)

The 4 Pillars of Persian Verbs

Prefixes

Reality (می)

Habits I eat every day
Now I am eating now

Possibility (ب)

Commands Eat!
Desires I want to eat

Positive vs. Negative Prefixes

Positive

می‌روم I go

برو Go!

Negative

نمی‌روم I don't go

نرو Don't go!

Which Prefix Should I Use?

Is it a fact/habit?

YES

Use می (mi)

Go to next step

Is it a command or 'maybe'?

YES

Use ب (be)

NO ↓

Prefix Usage Scenarios

☕

Daily Life (می)

• Drinking coffee
• Working
• Sleeping

🙋‍♂️

Social Needs (ب)

• Ordering food
• Asking for help
• Giving advice

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

من می‌روم

I am going

نمی‌روم

I am not going

برو

نرو

Don't go

او می‌خورد

He is eating

بنویس

Write

نمی‌خوابم

I am not sleeping

نخور

Don't eat

می‌توانم بیایم

I can come

باید بروم

I must go

نمی‌دانم

I don't know

نمی‌خواهم

I don't want

می‌گویند که او می‌آید

They say he is coming

بگذار بروم

Let me go

نمی‌توانستند ببینند

They couldn't see

نمی‌بایست انجام دهی

You shouldn't have done it

می‌بایست به او می‌گفتم

I should have told him

بمان تا ببینیم

Stay so we can see

نمی‌توان نادیده گرفت

It cannot be ignored

نمی‌باید چنین کرد

One should not do this

می‌بایست که می‌آمد

He ought to have come

بگویید تا بیایند

Tell them to come

نمی‌توانست که نیاید

He couldn't not come

نمی‌باید که می‌رفت

He shouldn't have gone

혼동하기 쉬운

The 4 Key Verb Prefixes (mi, be, na, nemi) 대 می vs. Past Tense

Learners think 'می' is for all tenses.

The 4 Key Verb Prefixes (mi, be, na, nemi) 대 ب vs. Simple Past

Learners add 'ب' to past verbs.

The 4 Key Verb Prefixes (mi, be, na, nemi) 대 ن vs. نمی

Using 'نمی' for commands.

자주 하는 실수

✗

می‌برو

✓

می‌روم

Missing the personal ending.

✗

ب‌می‌روم

✓

می‌روم

Double prefixing.

✗

نمی‌برو

✓

نمی‌روم

Missing ending.

✗

ب‌رو

✓

برو

Incorrect spelling.

✗

ن‌می‌روم

✓

نمی‌روم

Incorrect negation prefix.

✗

ب‌نرو

✓

نرو

Negating a command keeps the 'ب'.

✗

می‌نرو

✓

نمی‌روم

Wrong prefix order.

✗

نمی‌باید

✓

نمی‌باید

Correct usage but often confused with 'نباید'.

✗

می‌باید

✓

باید

Redundant prefix.

✗

ن‌باید

✓

نباید

Incorrect prefix.

✗

می‌بگویید

✓

بگویید

Prefix conflict.

✗

نمی‌بگویید

✓

نگویید

Incorrect negation.

✗

ب‌می‌گویید

✓

می‌گویید

Double prefixing.

문장 패턴

من ___ می‌روم.

___ نمی‌خورم.

لطفاً ___.

من نمی‌توانم ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

نمیتونم بیام

Ordering food very common

یک چای بده

Job interview common

من می‌خواهم کار کنم

Travel common

می‌روم به هتل

Social media very common

می‌بینمت

Food delivery app common

نمی‌خواهم

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

🎯

The 'Want' Rule

Whenever you use 'want' (می‌خواهم), the next verb ALWAYS takes the ب prefix. It's a package deal!

⚠️

The Mi-Space

In digital typing, use Shift+Space for the 'half-space' in می‌شود. It keeps the prefix from looking like a separate word.

💬

Softening Commands

To make a ب command more polite, add 'lotfan' (please) or use the plural form even for one person.

Smart Tips

Check the tense first.

رفتم → می‌روم

Check if it's a command.

نمی‌رو → نرو

Use contractions.

نمی‌دانم → نمیدونم

Use full forms.

نمیدونم → نمی‌دانم

발음

mi-ro-vam

Prefix attachment

The prefix is attached to the stem, sometimes with a zero-width non-joiner.

Question

می‌روی؟ ↑

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

암기하기

기억법

Remember 'M-B-N-N': My Big New Notebook. M for 'می', B for 'ب', N for 'ن', N for 'نمی'.

시각적 연상

Imagine a robot with four buttons on its chest. Pressing 'می' makes it walk, 'ب' makes it stop, 'ن' makes it freeze, and 'نمی' makes it turn off.

Rhyme

Prefixes at the start of the line, make the verb shine every time.

Story

Ali wanted to go to the store. He added 'می' to 'رو' to start walking. But he saw a sign saying 'نرو' (Don't go). He felt sad and said 'نمی‌روم' (I am not going).

Word Web

Daily habits require the می prefix for the present tense.

Which sentence is a correct negative command? 객관식

Choose the correct way to say 'Don't go!':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نرو

نرو is the imperative negative. نمی‌روی means 'you are not going'.

Find the mistake in this sentence: 'I want to eat' (می‌خواهم می‌خورم) Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

من می‌خواهم می‌خورم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من می‌خواهم بخورم.

After 'want' (می‌خواهم), the second verb must be in the subjunctive mood using the ب prefix.

Score: /3

연습 문제

8 exercises

Fill in the correct prefix.

من ___روم (I am going).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می

Present tense uses 'می'.

Choose the correct negative. 객관식

___روم (I am not going).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی

Present negative uses 'نمی'.

Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ب‌نرو

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نرو

Negative command drops 'ب'.

Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

روم / می‌ / من

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من می‌روم

Subject-Prefix-Stem-Ending.

Translate to Persian. 번역

Don't eat!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نخور

Negative command is 'نخور'.

Conjugate for 'تو'. Conjugation Drill

می + رو

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می‌روی

Second person singular ending is 'ی'.

Match prefix to meaning. Match Pairs

می

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Habitual

می is for habitual/continuous.

Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use 'نمی' and 'خوردن'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من نمی‌خورم

Present negative.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises

Translate to Persian 번역

I don't know.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی‌دانم

Complete the suggestion: 'Should we go?' 빈칸 채우기

___‌رویم؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ب

Put the words in order: 'Don't buy this phone.' Sentence Reorder

این / نخر / را / گوشی

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: این گوشی را نخر

Match the prefix to its function Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all

How do you say 'I was reading'? 객관식

Select the correct past continuous form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می‌خواندم

Fix the negative past tense: 'I didn't see' (نمی‌دیدم) Error Correction

من دیروز فیلم را نمی‌دیدم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من دیروز فیلم را ندیدم.

Add the prefix: 'I am speaking Persian.' 빈칸 채우기

من فارسی حرف ___‌زنم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می

Which is more polite for 'Please sit down'? 객관식

Choose the correct formal command:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بنشینید

Translate to Persian 번역

Don't look!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نگاه نکن

Complete the sentence: 'I can go.' 빈칸 채우기

می‌توانم ___‌روم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ب

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

'می' is for continuous/habitual, 'ب' is for commands/subjunctive.

No, they are mutually exclusive.

It is a grammatical rule to avoid double prefixing.

Only for present tense.

من نمی‌روم.

Mostly, but pronunciation varies.

The verb will sound incorrect or like a different tense.

Use the provided exercises and journal prompts.

Scaffolded Practice

1

2

3

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

무료 가입하고 연습하기

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

No + verb

Persian prefixes are attached to the verb.

French partial

Ne...pas

Persian is a single prefix.

German low

Nicht

Persian is morphological.

Japanese moderate

Nai

Persian uses prefixes.

Arabic moderate

Persian is more agglutinative.

Chinese low

Persian conjugates.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

페르시아어 명령문: 상대방에게 행동 요청하기

현재 진행형: 지금 당장 하고 있는 일 (دارم می‌روم)

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4가지 주요 동사 접두사 (mi, be, na, nemi)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Overview

Present Tense Conjugation

Common Contractions

Meanings

Habitual/Continuous

Imperative/Subjunctive

Negation

Reference Table

격식 수준 스펙트럼

The 4 Pillars of Persian Verbs

Reality (می)

Possibility (ب)

Positive vs. Negative Prefixes

Which Prefix Should I Use?

Prefix Usage Scenarios

Daily Life (می)

Social Needs (ب)

수준별 예문

혼동하기 쉬운

자주 하는 실수

문장 패턴

Real World Usage

The 'Want' Rule

The Mi-Space

Softening Commands

Smart Tips

발음

암기하기

기억법

시각적 연상

Rhyme

Story

Word Web

챌린지

문화 노트

알고 계셨나요?

대화 시작하기

일기 주제

자주 하는 실수

Test Yourself

연습 문제

Practice Bank

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

Scaffolded Practice

1

2

3

4

Mastery Progress

In Other Languages

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Related Grammar Rules

격식 있는 페르시아어 미래 시제: 나는 갈 것이다 (khāham raft)

과거보다 더 과거: 과거완료 (Past Perfect / گذشته بعید)

반항아 동사: 현재 시제 'To Have' (mi- 접두사 없음!)

페르시아어 진행형: 'dāštan' 조동사 활용하기

페르시아어 현재 가정법: 의심과 소망 (مضارع التزامی)

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