حمله کردن 30 सेकंड में
- A compound verb used for physical and metaphorical assaults.
- Requires the preposition 'be' (to/at) for the target.
- Common in sports, military, and medical contexts (heart attacks).
- Synonymous with 'hojoom bordan' but more general in use.
The Persian compound verb حمله کردن (Hamle Kardan) is a cornerstone of both literal and figurative Persian discourse. At its most basic level, it describes the act of initiating a physical assault or a military strike. However, its utility extends far beyond the battlefield into the realms of sports, medicine, psychology, and abstract criticism. Understanding this word requires recognizing its structure: it combines the noun 'حمله' (attack/assault), borrowed from Arabic, with the Persian light verb 'کردن' (to do/make). This construction is typical of Persian verbs, where a noun provides the semantic core and the auxiliary verb handles the conjugation and tense.
- Military and Physical Context
- In news reports or historical accounts, you will see this verb used to describe one army invading another or a group launching an offensive. For example, 'ارتش به دشمن حمله کرد' (The army attacked the enemy). It implies an active, often aggressive, movement toward a target with the intent to harm or conquer.
- Sports and Competition
- In football (soccer) or wrestling, 'حمله کردن' refers to an offensive play. When a team moves the ball toward the opponent's goal, they are in the state of 'حمله'. A commentator might shout, 'تیم ایران دوباره حمله میکند!' (The Iranian team is attacking again!).
- Medical and Biological
- Persian uses this verb to describe sudden medical events, particularly 'حمله قلبی' (heart attack) or 'حمله عصبی' (panic attack). In these cases, the 'attack' is internal, representing a sudden onset of symptoms that 'assault' the body's stability.
شیر گرسنه به آهو حمله کرد تا شکاری به دست آورد.
Furthermore, in modern digital contexts, 'حمله کردن' is used for cyber-attacks. If a website is hacked, the news will report a 'حمله سایبری' (cyber attack). In social interactions, it can describe a verbal onslaught. If someone is being overly critical or aggressive in a debate, a bystander might say, 'چرا به او حمله میکنی؟' (Why are you attacking him?). This versatility makes it an essential verb for A2 learners moving into B1 territory, as it bridges the gap between concrete actions and abstract concepts. It is not just about swords and shields; it is about any focused, aggressive energy directed toward a recipient.
Using حمله کردن correctly involves mastering its prepositional requirements and its conjugation as a compound verb. Because it is a 'kardan' verb, only the 'kardan' part changes to reflect tense, person, and number, while 'hamle' remains static. This simplifies things for learners once they know their 'kardan' conjugations.
- The Preposition 'Be'
- The most common mistake is omitting 'به'. In English, 'attack' is transitive. In Persian, 'حمله کردن' acts like an intransitive verb phrase that requires a prepositional object. Example: 'سگ به غریبه حمله کرد' (The dog attacked the stranger).
آنها قصد دارند به پایگاه دشمن حمله کنند.
In the present continuous tense, we use the auxiliary 'dashtan'. For example: 'گربه دارد به موش حمله میکند' (The cat is attacking the mouse). Notice how 'hamle' stays at the beginning. In negative forms, the 'na-' prefix attaches to 'kardan': 'او به من حمله نکرد' (He did not attack me).
- Passive Voice
- To say 'to be attacked', we replace 'kardan' with 'shodan'. Example: 'شهر مورد حمله قرار گرفت' or simply 'به شهر حمله شد'. The phrase 'mored-e hamle gharar gereftan' is a more formal way to express the passive 'to come under attack'.
ویروس به سیستمهای کامپیوتری حمله کرده است.
The frequency of حمله کردن in daily life is higher than one might expect. While you won't see physical brawls every day, the metaphorical uses are everywhere. On the news (Khabar), you will hear it regarding geopolitics or crime. In sports commentary, it is the most frequent word used to describe an offensive strategy. In a household, a mother might jokingly say to her children who are rushing toward the dinner table, 'چرا مثل لشکر گرسنهها حمله میکنید؟' (Why are you attacking [the food] like a hungry army?).
در اخبار شنیدم که هکرها به بانک مرکزی حمله کردند.
In academic or intellectual debates, speakers use it to describe challenging an idea. If a philosopher writes a critique of another's work, it is described as 'حمله به عقاید' (attacking beliefs). In literature and poetry, it often appears in epic tales like the Shahnameh, where heroes 'hamle mikonand' against demons or rival kings. Even in modern cinema, particularly action or war movies, the command 'حمله!' (Attack!) is a common trope.
The transition from English to Persian for the verb 'to attack' presents several pitfalls for learners. Because English speakers are used to 'attack' being a direct action on an object, the prepositional nature of Persian is the primary hurdle.
- Mistake 1: Omitting 'Be'
- Wrong: من دشمن را حمله کردم. (I attacked the enemy - using 'ra' for direct object).
Right: من به دشمن حمله کردم. (I attacked [to] the enemy). In Persian, you attack 'at' someone, not 'someone'. - Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Zadan'
- Learners often confuse 'hamle kardan' (to attack) with 'zadan' (to hit). While related, 'zadan' is the physical act of striking, whereas 'hamle kardan' is the broader act of launching an assault.
اشتباه: خرس او را حمله کرد. درست: خرس به او حمله کرد.
Another mistake is using 'hamle kardan' for small, non-aggressive actions. It carries a weight of aggression or suddenness. You wouldn't use it for a gentle tap on the shoulder. Finally, ensure the stress is on the last syllable of 'hamle' and the stem of 'kardan' to sound natural.
Persian is rich with synonyms for 'attack', each carrying a slightly different nuance or register. Depending on whether you are writing a formal report or speaking with friends, you might choose a different word.
- هجوم بردن (Hojoom Bordan)
- This implies a 'rush' or a 'swarm'. It is used when a large crowd or a group suddenly moves toward something. 'مردم به سمت فروشگاه هجوم بردند' (People rushed/swarmed toward the store).
- یورش بردن (Yoresh Bordan)
- A more literary and intense word, often used in historical contexts to describe a sudden, violent raid or charge.
- تعرض کردن (Ta'aroz Kardan)
- A formal, legalistic term. It can mean 'to assault' or 'to encroach'. It is often used in police reports or political statements regarding territorial violations.
دشمن با تمام قوا یورش برد.
How Formal Is It?
रोचक तथ्य
While 'Hamle' means attack, the Arabic root H-M-L also relates to 'carrying' (like 'hamel' - carrier). An attack was seen as 'carrying' oneself toward the enemy.
उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका
- Pronouncing 'h' too harshly like a German 'ch'.
- Stressing the first syllable of 'hamle'.
- Mumbling the 'n' at the end of 'kardan'.
- Merging 'hamle' and 'kardan' into one word without a slight pause.
- Changing the 'e' in 'hamle' to an 'i' sound.
कठिनाई स्तर
Easy to recognize in text due to frequent use.
Remembering the 'be' preposition is the main challenge.
Pronunciation is straightforward for English speakers.
Distinct sound makes it easy to pick out in speech.
आगे क्या सीखें
पूर्वापेक्षाएँ
आगे सीखें
उन्नत
ज़रूरी व्याकरण
Compound Verb Conjugation
Only 'kardan' changes: حمله کردم، حمله میکنی، حمله خواهند کرد.
Preposition 'Be'
Always 'be' + object: به دشمن حمله کرد.
Passive Voice with 'Shodan'
مورد حمله قرار گرفت (He was attacked).
Negative Prefix 'Na-'
The 'na' goes on 'kardan': حمله نکردم.
Present Continuous with 'Dashtan'
دارم حمله میکنم (I am attacking).
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
سگ حمله کرد.
The dog attacked.
Simple past tense.
گربه به موش حمله میکند.
The cat attacks the mouse.
Present tense with 'be'.
آیا او حمله کرد؟
Did he attack?
Question form.
من حمله نمیکنم.
I do not attack.
Negative present tense.
خرس حمله میکند.
The bear attacks.
Subject + Verb.
آنها حمله کردند.
They attacked.
Third person plural.
مار حمله کرد.
The snake attacked.
Simple past.
ما حمله میکنیم.
We attack.
First person plural.
دزد به پیرزن حمله کرد.
The thief attacked the old woman.
Use of 'be' for the victim.
تیم فوتبال دارد حمله میکند.
The football team is attacking.
Present continuous.
چرا به من حمله کردی؟
Why did you attack me?
Interrogative past tense.
ببر به شکار خود حمله کرد.
The tiger attacked its prey.
Possessive 'khod'.
او ناگهان حمله کرد.
He attacked suddenly.
Adverb 'naghanan'.
ما نباید به کسی حمله کنیم.
We should not attack anyone.
Modal 'nabayad'.
گرگها به گله حمله کردند.
The wolves attacked the flock.
Plural subject.
او در خواب به من حمله کرد.
He attacked me in his sleep.
Prepositional phrase 'dar khab'.
او دچار حمله قلبی شد.
He suffered a heart attack.
Medical usage.
هکرها به سایت حمله کردند.
Hackers attacked the site.
Digital context.
او میخواست به دشمن حمله کند.
He wanted to attack the enemy.
Subjunctive with 'khastan'.
کشور به همسایهاش حمله کرده است.
The country has attacked its neighbor.
Present perfect.
اگر حمله کنی، پشیمان میشوی.
If you attack, you will regret it.
Conditional sentence.
او با کلمات به من حمله کرد.
He attacked me with words.
Metaphorical usage.
سربازان آماده حمله کردن هستند.
The soldiers are ready to attack.
Infinitive as a noun phrase.
پشه به دست من حمله کرد.
The mosquito attacked my hand.
Minor physical attack.
منتقد به نظریه فیلسوف حمله کرد.
The critic attacked the philosopher's theory.
Abstract usage.
شهر مورد حمله هوایی قرار گرفت.
The city came under aerial attack.
Formal passive construction.
او به خاطر استرس دچار حمله عصبی شد.
He had a panic attack due to stress.
Psychological context.
ارتش در سپیدهدم حمله کرد.
The army attacked at dawn.
Temporal phrase.
او همیشه به عقاید دیگران حمله میکند.
He always attacks others' beliefs.
Habitual action.
نرمافزار مخرب به دادهها حمله کرد.
The malware attacked the data.
Technical context.
پس از حمله، آرامش برقرار شد.
After the attack, peace was established.
Noun form 'hamle'.
آنها بدون دلیل به ما حمله کردند.
They attacked us without reason.
Adverbial phrase 'bedun-e dalil'.
نویسنده به ساختارهای قدرت حمله میکند.
The author attacks power structures.
Sociopolitical usage.
این یک حمله وحشیانه به حقوق بشر است.
This is a brutal attack on human rights.
Formal noun usage.
نیروهای متخاصم به مرزها حمله بردند.
Hostile forces rushed the borders.
Alternative 'hamle bordan'.
او با منطق قوی به استدلال من حمله کرد.
He attacked my reasoning with strong logic.
Intellectual context.
حمله گازانبری ارتش دشمن را غافلگیر کرد.
The pincer attack surprised the enemy army.
Military terminology.
او از حمله تند منتقد رنجیده بود.
He was hurt by the critic's sharp attack.
Passive emotion.
بیماری به سیستم ایمنی بدن حمله میکند.
The disease attacks the body's immune system.
Scientific usage.
در این مقاله به ریشههای فقر حمله شده است.
In this article, the roots of poverty are attacked.
Formal passive.
او به ساحت مقدس هنر حمله کرده است.
He has attacked the sacred realm of art.
Highly formal/poetic.
این اقدام به مثابه حمله به حاکمیت ملی است.
This action is equivalent to an attack on national sovereignty.
Legal/Diplomatic register.
شبیخون زدن نوعی حمله غافلگیرانه است.
A night raid is a type of surprise attack.
Specific military term.
او در کتابش به مبانی مدرنیته حمله میبرد.
In his book, he attacks the foundations of modernity.
Philosophical register.
حمله گازانبری در این عملیات کلیدی بود.
The pincer maneuver was key in this operation.
Advanced military strategy.
او با بیرحمی به شخصیت رقیبش حمله کرد.
He ruthlessly attacked his rival's character.
Character assassination.
این ویروس جهشیافته به ریهها حمله میکند.
This mutated virus attacks the lungs.
Virology context.
حملات لفظی در پارلمان شدت گرفته است.
Verbal attacks in parliament have intensified.
Political reporting.
समानार्थी शब्द
विलोम शब्द
सामान्य शब्द संयोजन
सामान्य वाक्यांश
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
Zadan means to hit; Hamle Kardan means to launch an attack. You can attack without hitting, and hit without attacking.
Da'va kardan is to fight/argue; Hamle kardan is the specific act of attacking.
Hojoom is more about a sudden rush or swarm of people.
मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ
— To go for broke or lash out in desperation (related to a sudden mental attack).
او به سیم آخر زد و به همه حمله کرد.
Informal— To have a heart attack (informal usage).
نزدیک بود از ترس حمله قلبی کنم!
Informal— To attack someone's reputation.
این روزنامهها به آبروی او حمله کردند.
Neutral— To attack like a dog (viciously).
او با لحنی سگوار به من حمله کرد.
Informal/Derogatory— Metaphor for high prices or taxes attacking people's finances.
تورم یعنی حمله به جیب مردم.
Journalisticआसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Both involve crossing boundaries.
Tajavoz is invasion/violation; Hamle is the act of attacking.
دشمن به خاک ما تجاوز کرد و سپس حمله کرد.
Similar formal meaning.
Ta'aroz is often used for harassment or minor assault in legal terms.
او به حقوق من تعرض کرد.
Both involve aggression.
Parkhash is usually verbal or behavioral aggression.
او با پرخاش به من نگاه کرد.
A type of attack.
Shabikhon is specifically at night and by surprise.
آنها شبیخون زدند.
Synonym.
Yoresh is more intense and literary.
یورش مغولها ویرانگر بود.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
[Subject] [Verb]
سگ حمله کرد.
[Subject] به [Object] [Verb]
او به من حمله کرد.
[Subject] دارد به [Object] [Verb]
گربه دارد به موش حمله میکند.
[Subject] نباید به [Object] [Verb]
دشمن نباید به شهر حمله کند.
[Object] مورد حمله قرار گرفت
پایگاه مورد حمله قرار گرفت.
با [Adjective] به [Object] حمله بردن
با تمام قوا به مواضع حریف حمله بردند.
دچار [Noun] شدن
او دچار حمله قلبی شد.
چرا [Verb]؟
چرا حمله کردی؟
शब्द परिवार
संज्ञा
क्रिया
विशेषण
संबंधित
इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
Very common in news, sports, and medical contexts.
-
من او را حمله کردم.
→
من به او حمله کردم.
Persian requires 'be' instead of the direct object marker 'ra' for this verb.
-
او حمله قلبی کرد.
→
او دچار حمله قلبی شد.
In formal Persian, people 'suffer' (dochar shodan) a heart attack rather than 'doing' it.
-
سگ حمله به من کرد.
→
سگ به من حمله کرد.
The prepositional phrase 'be men' should come before the noun 'hamle'.
-
آنها حمله شبیخون زدند.
→
آنها شبیخون زدند.
'Shabikhon' already implies an attack; adding 'hamle' is redundant.
-
من حمله میکنم به کتاب.
→
من شروع به خواندن کتاب میکنم.
Do not use 'hamle' for starting tasks; it's too aggressive/literal.
सुझाव
The 'Be' Rule
Never forget 'be'. English: Attack him. Persian: Attack TO him (Be oo hamle kon).
Medical Context
Use 'hamle' for sudden illnesses like heart or panic attacks.
Soft H
The 'H' in 'Hamle' is pronounced but shouldn't be too raspy.
Compound Verb
Treat 'Hamle' and 'Kardan' as a single unit but conjugate only the second part.
Sports Talk
Use 'Hamle' when watching football with Iranians to sound like a pro fan.
Cybersecurity
In the modern world, 'hamle-ye sayberi' is a very useful term.
Literary Synonyms
Use 'yoresh' in stories for a more dramatic effect.
Avoid Ra
Do not use 'ra' after the target of 'hamle kardan'.
News Keywords
'Hamle' is a keyword in international news segments.
Action Link
Associate the word with a sudden forward lunging motion.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
Imagine a 'Ham' sandwich that is so 'Le' (delicious) that you 'Kardan' (do) an attack on it to eat it.
दृश्य संबंध
Visualize a knight on a horse charging forward with a sword. The sound 'Ham-le' sounds like the 'Humm' of the horse's breath and the 'Lay' of the lance.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Try to use 'hamle kardan' in three different contexts today: sports, news, and describing an animal's behavior.
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
The word 'حمله' (Hamlah) is of Arabic origin, meaning 'charge' or 'attack'. It was integrated into Persian and combined with the native Persian verb 'کردن' (kardan) to form a compound verb.
मूल अर्थ: In Arabic, 'Hamlah' carries the sense of carrying a load or launching a charge.
Afro-Asiatic (Arabic noun) + Indo-European (Persian verb).सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
Be careful when using 'hamle' in political contexts in Iran, as it can be perceived as very aggressive or sensitive depending on the target.
English speakers use 'attack' broadly; Persian is similar but often more formal in written contexts using 'tahajom'.
असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें
वास्तविक संदर्भ
Sports
- حمله از جناح راست
- خط حمله
- مهاجم نوک
- حمله تند و تیز
Medicine
- حمله قلبی شدید
- کمکهای اولیه برای حمله
- پیشگیری از حمله
- علائم حمله
Military
- فرمان حمله
- حمله هوایی
- حمله زمینی
- نقشه حمله
Technology
- حمله بدافزار
- حمله به سرور
- دفاع در برابر حمله
- ردیابی حمله
Daily Life
- حمله به غذا
- حمله لفظی
- حمله حیوانات
- حمله ناگهانی
बातचीत की शुरुआत
"آیا تا به حال سگی به تو حمله کرده است؟ (Has a dog ever attacked you?)"
"تیم مورد علاقه تو چطور حمله میکند؟ (How does your favorite team attack?)"
"درباره حمله سایبری اخیر چه شنیدهای؟ (What have you heard about the recent cyber attack?)"
"چرا بعضیها در بحث زود حمله میکنند؟ (Why do some people attack quickly in a debate?)"
"اگر خرسی حمله کند، چه باید کرد؟ (What should be done if a bear attacks?)"
डायरी विषय
Write about a time you saw a sports team make a brilliant attack.
Describe a scene where an animal attacks its prey in the wild.
Discuss how people should respond to verbal attacks in a professional setting.
Imagine a historical battle and describe the moment the attack began.
Write about the importance of defending your ideas when they are under attack.
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
10 सवालNo, it can mean a heart attack, a cyber attack, or a verbal critique in a debate.
Always use 'be' (to/at) for the target of the attack. Example: 'به او حمله کرد'.
It is 'حمله قلبی' (Hamle-ye Ghalbi).
The noun 'hamle' is Arabic, but 'hamle kardan' is a Persian compound verb.
Yes, it is the most common word for a team moving on the offensive.
'Hamle' is a general attack, while 'hojoom' implies a swarm or a sudden rush by a crowd.
Use 'hamle' + past stem of 'kardan': حمله کردم، حمله کردی، حمله کرد، etc.
No, that metaphor doesn't translate. Use 'shoru kardan' (to start).
Yes, 'مورد حمله قرار داد' is more formal than 'حمله کرد'.
Yes, 'حمله' on its own means 'an attack'.
खुद को परखो 6 सवाल
/ 6 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The verb 'حمله کردن' is the standard way to express 'to attack' in Persian. Remember that it is a compound verb where only 'kardan' changes, and you must always use 'be' before the person or thing being attacked. Example: 'به او حمله کرد' (He attacked him).
- A compound verb used for physical and metaphorical assaults.
- Requires the preposition 'be' (to/at) for the target.
- Common in sports, military, and medical contexts (heart attacks).
- Synonymous with 'hojoom bordan' but more general in use.
The 'Be' Rule
Never forget 'be'. English: Attack him. Persian: Attack TO him (Be oo hamle kon).
Medical Context
Use 'hamle' for sudden illnesses like heart or panic attacks.
Soft H
The 'H' in 'Hamle' is pronounced but shouldn't be too raspy.
Compound Verb
Treat 'Hamle' and 'Kardan' as a single unit but conjugate only the second part.
संबंधित सामग्री
संबंधित ग्रामर रूल्स
general के और शब्द
عادتوار
C1As a matter of habit; habitually.
عادی
A1'عادی' शब्द का अर्थ 'सामान्य' या 'साधारण' है। उदाहरण: 'एक सामान्य दिन' (یک روز عادی)।
عافیت
B2कल्याण, कुशलता; स्वास्थ्य और सुरक्षा की स्थिति। छींकने के बाद अक्सर आशीर्वाद के रूप में उपयोग किया जाता है।
عاجل
B2अति आवश्यक; जिसे तत्काल ध्यान या कार्रवाई की आवश्यकता हो। जैसे: 'ताज़ा समाचार' या 'शीघ्र स्वस्थ होना' ।
عاقبت
C1परिणाम या अंत। 'عاقبت उसे सफलता मिली।' (अंततः उसे सफलता मिली।)
عاقل
A1बुद्धिमान, समझदार। वह व्यक्ति जो विवेकपूर्ण निर्णय लेता है।
عالمگیر
C1विश्वव्यापी या सार्वभौमिक; जो पूरी दुनिया में फैला हो।
عالی
A1फारसी में 'Aali' का अर्थ है 'उत्कृष्ट' या 'बहुत बढ़िया' ।
عام
B1'Am' शब्द का अर्थ है 'सामान्य' या 'सार्वजनिक' ।
اعم از
B2सहित; चाहे वह... या... (विकल्पों को पेश करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है)।
