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B1 adverb #1,500 सबसे आम 4 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

ci-dessous

At the A1 level, you might see 'ci-dessous' in simple instructions or on websites. It just means 'look down'. If you see a button that says 'Cliquez ci-dessous', it means click the button that is under the text. It is a very helpful word for navigating French websites or filling out forms. Even if you don't use it in your own speaking yet, recognizing it will help you follow directions. Think of it as a signpost pointing downwards on a page.
For A2 learners, 'ci-dessous' becomes useful in basic emails. When you send a photo or a small list to a friend in a semi-formal way, you can say 'Regarde la liste ci-dessous'. It is more precise than just saying 'en bas'. You will notice it frequently in textbooks and exam instructions (like 'Lisez le texte ci-dessous'). Remember that it is one word with a hyphen, and it doesn't change if the thing you are talking about is masculine, feminine, or plural.
At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'ci-dessous' in your professional or academic writing. It is the standard way to refer to attachments, data tables, or specific examples that follow your introductory paragraph. It helps organize your thoughts and makes your writing look more professional. You should also be able to distinguish it clearly from 'ci-dessus' (above). In a B1 exam, using 'ci-dessous' correctly in a formal letter or email can help you gain points for 'register' and 'cohesion'.
At B2, 'ci-dessous' is a natural part of your vocabulary for reports and essays. You use it to manage the flow of complex information. You might pair it with more advanced verbs: 'Comme illustré ci-dessous' (As illustrated below) or 'Veuillez vous référer aux modalités ci-dessous' (Please refer to the terms below). You understand that 'ci-dessous' is a textual marker, not a physical one, and you use it to create a clear roadmap for your reader through your arguments.
For C1 learners, 'ci-dessous' is used with stylistic precision. You might use it to avoid repetition or to handle complex referencing in a long thesis or business proposal. You are also aware of its more formal cousins like 'ci-après' or 'infra' (in very academic contexts), but you choose 'ci-dessous' for its clarity and modern professional feel. Your use of the word is seamless, appearing exactly where it's needed to maintain the logical structure of high-level discourse.
At the C2 level, the use of 'ci-dessous' is second nature. You use it to master the architecture of a document. You might use it in sophisticated constructions like 'Les arguments développés ci-dessous ne sont que le prélude à...' (The arguments developed below are but a prelude to...). You have a complete grasp of the deictic functions of the word and can use it to manipulate the reader's attention with nuance and authority in any professional or literary context.
इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

ci-dessous 30 सेकंड में

  • An essential adverb for formal writing and emails meaning 'below'.
  • Used to point readers toward information, links, or lists appearing later in a document.
  • Always written with a hyphen and never changes form (invariable).
  • Crucial for CEFR B1+ learners to master professional French correspondence.

The term ci-dessous is a staple of French formal and administrative writing. At its core, it means 'below' or 'hereafter.' When you are writing an email, a report, or a set of instructions, you use this word to tell your reader: 'Don't stop here; the information you need is coming up next.'

Etymology
Derived from 'ci' (a shortening of 'ici', meaning here) and 'dessous' (underneath). It literally translates to 'here-underneath'.
Grammatical Role
It is an invariable adverb. It never changes form, regardless of whether it refers to one item or many.

Veuillez trouver les documents ci-dessous.

This word is essential for clarity. Without it, readers might miss attachments or specific details located at the bottom of a page. It creates a logical flow in the document. Unlike the English 'below', which can sometimes be used as a preposition ('below the table'), 'ci-dessous' is almost exclusively used to refer to the text itself.

Le tableau ci-dessous résume nos ventes.

Synonym
Plus bas (less formal, used in speech).

Cliquez sur le lien ci-dessous.

Voir les détails ci-dessous.

Comme indiqué ci-dessous, le projet est validé.

Using ci-dessous correctly involves understanding its placement and the context of the sentence. It usually follows the noun it modifies or comes at the end of a clause. It acts as a pointer, guiding the reader's eyes downward.

Placement Rule
Place it immediately after the noun (e.g., 'le lien ci-dessous') or after a verb (e.g., 'voir ci-dessous').

In professional emails, it is almost mandatory when referring to attachments or lists. It signals a transition from the introductory text to the core data. It is often paired with verbs like 'trouver', 'consulter', or 'cliquer'.

Les instructions sont détaillées ci-dessous.

Punctuation
Always include the hyphen. Without the hyphen, 'ci dessous' is grammatically incorrect in modern French.

Référez-vous au schéma ci-dessous.

Notez les changements ci-dessous.

While ci-dessous is primarily a written term, you will hear it in specific spoken contexts, particularly in formal presentations, webinars, or instructional videos. A speaker might say 'Regardez l'image ci-dessous' while pointing to a slide, even though the image is technically 'on' the screen rather than 'below' the text.

In the workplace, during a meeting where everyone is looking at the same document, a colleague might say: 'Comme vous pouvez le voir dans le paragraphe ci-dessous...' This bridges the gap between the written page and the spoken discussion.

It is rarely used in casual conversation. You wouldn't say to a friend, 'Regarde mes chaussures ci-dessous.' Instead, you would simply say 'en bas' or 'là-dessous'. The use of 'ci-dessous' immediately signals a level of professionalism and structured communication.

The most frequent error is confusing ci-dessous with its counterpart ci-dessus (above). Another common mistake is forgetting the hyphen. Because 'ci' is a short particle, learners often omit the dash, which is essential for the adverbial locution.

Another mistake is using it as a preposition. You cannot say 'ci-dessous la table'. You must use 'sous' or 'en dessous de'. 'Ci-dessous' is an adverb; it stands alone or follows a noun, but it cannot take an object directly after it without a prepositional structure (though that is rare).

Finally, avoid using it in very informal texts like SMS to friends. It sounds overly stiff and bureaucratic. In a text message, 'plus bas' or 'en bas' is much more natural.

ci-dessus
The direct opposite. Used to refer to something mentioned earlier in the text (above).
ci-après
Highly formal, often used in legal contracts to mean 'hereafter' or 'following this'.
en bas
A more general term for 'at the bottom' or 'downstairs'.

How Formal Is It?

औपचारिक

""

तटस्थ

""

अनौपचारिक

""

कठिनाई स्तर

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

Regardez l'image ci-dessous.

Look at the image below.

Simple imperative + adverb.

2

Cliquez sur le bouton ci-dessous.

Click on the button below.

Standard web instruction.

3

Lisez la question ci-dessous.

Read the question below.

Common classroom command.

4

Le prix est indiqué ci-dessous.

The price is shown below.

Passive voice with adverb.

5

Voir la liste ci-dessous.

See the list below.

Infinitive used as a command.

6

Écrivez votre nom ci-dessous.

Write your name below.

Instructional use.

7

Les couleurs sont ci-dessous.

The colors are below.

Simple 'être' + adverb.

8

C'est écrit ci-dessous.

It is written below.

Informal spoken reference to text.

1

Veuillez trouver mon CV ci-dessous.

Please find my CV below.

Standard business email phrase.

2

Le tableau ci-dessous résume les résultats.

The table below summarizes the results.

Adverb modifying a noun.

3

Suivez les étapes décrites ci-dessous.

Follow the steps described below.

Past participle + adverb.

4

Les détails du rendez-vous sont ci-dessous.

The meeting details are below.

Plural subject.

5

Comme mentionné ci-dessous, nous acceptons les cartes.

As mentioned below, we accept cards.

Introductory phrase.

6

Consultez les horaires ci-dessous.

Check the schedule below.

Formal imperative.

7

Le lien ci-dessous expire dans 24 heures.

The link below expires in 24 hours.

Subject + adverb + verb.

8

Répondez aux questions ci-dessous pour valider.

Answer the questions below to validate.

Purpose clause with 'pour'.

1

L'analyse exhaustive présentée ci-dessous souligne les failles du système.

The exhaustive analysis presented below highlights the system's flaws.

Complex subject with multiple modifiers.

2

Nonobstant les réserves exprimées ci-dessous, le projet demeure viable.

Notwithstanding the reservations expressed below, the project remains viable.

Use of formal 'nonobstant'.

3

Les paradigmes évoqués ci-dessous constituent le socle de notre théorie.

The paradigms mentioned below constitute the foundation of our theory.

Academic vocabulary.

4

Veuillez vous conformer aux directives stipulées ci-dessous.

Please comply with the directives stipulated below.

Formal verb 'stipuler'.

5

La corrélation établie ci-dessous entre les deux variables est significative.

The correlation established below between the two variables is significant.

Scientific register.

6

Il convient d'examiner les témoignages recueillis ci-dessous.

It is appropriate to examine the testimonies collected below.

Impersonal 'il convient de'.

7

Les nuances apportées ci-dessous permettent de mieux cerner l'enjeu.

The nuances provided below allow for a better understanding of the issue.

Abstract noun 'nuances'.

8

L'intégralité des clauses énumérées ci-dessous est contraignante.

All the clauses listed below are binding.

Legal terminology 'contraignante'.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

voir ci-dessous
indiqué ci-dessous
mentionné ci-dessous
détaillé ci-dessous
cliquez ci-dessous
tableau ci-dessous
lien ci-dessous
liste ci-dessous
formulaire ci-dessous
schéma ci-dessous

सामान्य वाक्यांश

Comme indiqué ci-dessous

Veuillez trouver ci-dessous

Voir le lien ci-dessous

Les étapes ci-dessous

Le texte ci-dessous

Référez-vous ci-dessous

Notez bien ci-dessous

Détails ci-dessous

Informations ci-dessous

Exemples ci-dessous

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

ci-dessous vs ci-dessus

ci-dessous vs en dessous

ci-dessous vs sous

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

""

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

ci-dessous vs

ci-dessous vs

ci-dessous vs

ci-dessous vs

ci-dessous vs

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

web usage

Commonly used for 'Scroll down'.

legal usage

Used to refer to specific articles in a contract.

सामान्य गलतियाँ
  • Writing 'ci dessous' without the hyphen.
  • Using 'ci-dessous' to mean 'under the table'.
  • Confusing it with 'ci-dessus' (above).
  • Trying to make it plural ('ci-dessous' is invariable).
  • Using it in a very informal conversation where 'en bas' is more natural.

सुझाव

Email Professionalism

Use 'ci-dessous' when you have more than two lines of information following your intro.

Hyphen Check

Always double-check the hyphen. It's a common small mistake that native speakers notice.

The Opposite

Learn 'ci-dessus' at the same time so you have the full set of textual pointers.

Avoid Repetition

If you use 'ci-dessous' once, try 'plus bas' or 'la suite' if you need to refer to the bottom again.

DELF/DALF Tip

Use this word in the writing section to show you know how to structure a formal document.

Scanning

When scanning a document, 'ci-dessous' is a keyword that tells you the 'meat' of the info is coming up.

Presentation Pointer

In a PowerPoint, 'ci-dessous' is perfect for referring to a chart at the bottom of the slide.

Web Design

If you are designing a French site, 'Cliquez ci-dessous' is the standard 'Click below' phrase.

Contracts

In contracts, 'ci-dessous' refers to the terms that follow immediately, creating a binding link.

Logical Flow

Use it to create 'cataphoric' references, which keep the reader moving forward in your text.

याद करें

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

Middle French

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

French websites use 'ci-dessous' more frequently than English sites use 'below', which often just uses an arrow icon.

Using 'ci-dessous' in an email to a French boss shows you respect formal norms.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"Avez-vous lu les instructions ci-dessous ?"

"Que pensez-vous du tableau ci-dessous ?"

"Pouvez-vous cliquer sur le lien ci-dessous ?"

"Est-ce que tout est clair dans la liste ci-dessous ?"

"Pourquoi l'information ci-dessous est-elle importante ?"

डायरी विषय

Write a formal email applying for a job, mentioning your attached CV 'ci-dessous'.

Describe a recipe and use 'ci-dessous' to refer to the ingredients list.

Write a short report about your week and use 'ci-dessous' to introduce a summary table.

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

No, it is an adverbial locution and is strictly invariable. Even if referring to multiple items, it remains 'ci-dessous'.

Yes, you can say 'Ci-dessous, vous trouverez les détails.' This is common in formal letters.

Yes, in modern French, the hyphen is required to link 'ci' and 'dessous' as a single adverbial unit.

'En dessous' refers to physical position (underneath something), while 'ci-dessous' refers specifically to position within a text.

Yes, it is considered formal or professional. In casual speech, people prefer 'en bas' or 'plus bas'.

You can, but it might sound a bit too formal. 'Plus bas' is usually better for texting.

Almost. 'Ci-après' is even more formal and often used in legal contexts to mean 'hereafter'.

It is a standard French 'ou' sound, like 'moo' in English, but shorter.

Usually, it refers to the same page or the immediate following section. For different pages, 'voir page X' is better.

Yes, especially in prefaces or footnotes where the author refers to upcoming chapters.

खुद को परखो 30 सवाल

writing

Write a sentence using 'ci-dessous' to refer to a list of names.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say 'Please look at the graph below' in French.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen and identify the word: [Audio: ci-dessous]

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Use 'ci-dessous' in a sentence about a scientific study.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Pronounce 'ci-dessous'.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Is the speaker referring to something above or below? [Audio: Voir ci-dessous]

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write 'The link is below'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Explain the meaning of 'ci-dessous' in French.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Transcribe the sentence: [Audio: Veuillez noter les exceptions listées ci-dessous.]

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:

/ 30 correct

Perfect score!

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