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B2 noun #7,000 सबसे आम 11 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

債務不履行

saimufuriko शीर्ष 7,000

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव 債務不履行 30 सेकंड में

व्याख्या 債務不履行 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 債務不履行 (Saimu Furikou) is very difficult because it is made of five kanji and is used in business. However, you can understand the basic idea. It means 'breaking a big promise about money.' Imagine you borrow 100 yen from a friend and say, 'I will pay you tomorrow.' If you don't pay tomorrow, you are not doing what you promised. In big business, this 'broken promise' is called 債務不履行.

You don't need to use this word yet. Instead, you can say 「お金を返せません」 (I cannot return the money) or 「約束を守りませんでした」 (I didn't keep the promise). These are much simpler. But if you see this word on the news, just think: 'Someone is in trouble because they didn't pay back money they owed.' It usually involves banks, companies, or even whole countries like the USA or Greece.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

For A2 learners, 債務不履行 (Saimu Furikou) is a word you might see in a newspaper or on a news website. It is a formal way to say 'Default.' The first part, 債務 (Saimu), means 'debt' or 'what you must do.' The second part, 不履行 (Furikou), means 'not doing' or 'not performing.' So, it literally means 'not doing your debt duty.'

Think of it like this: When you sign a contract for a phone or an apartment, you have a duty to pay every month. If you stop paying, the company will say you have committed 債務不履行. In A2, you should focus on the meaning rather than trying to use it in daily speech. If you want to talk about this, you can use simpler phrases like 「借金を返さない」 (not returning a loan) or 「支払いが遅れる」 (payment is late). This word is for very serious situations only!

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the B1 level, you should begin to recognize 債務不履行 (Saimu Furikou) in contexts like business news or basic legal discussions. This word is the technical term for when a person or company fails to meet the terms of a contract, especially regarding payments. It's more specific than just 'breaking a promise' because it implies there is a legal obligation (a 'Saimu') involved.

You might hear this when people talk about credit cards or bank loans. For example, if someone doesn't pay their mortgage for several months, the bank will treat it as 債務不履行. At this level, you should know the common verb pairing: 債務不履行に陥る (ochiiru), which means 'to fall into default.' This is a very common way to describe a company or a country that is suddenly unable to pay its bills. It sounds much more professional than saying 'they have no money.'

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

As a B2 learner, you are expected to understand the nuances of 債務不履行 (Saimu Furikou) and use it correctly in professional or academic settings. This word is essential for discussing macroeconomics, corporate finance, and law. You should understand that it doesn't just mean 'not paying'; it can also mean 'not delivering goods' or 'not finishing a job' if that was part of the legal debt (obligation).

In B2, you should be able to distinguish between 債務不履行 and similar terms like 倒産 (Tousan - Bankruptcy). Remember: a default is the event of failing a duty, while bankruptcy is the legal state of a business being finished. You will often see this word in the context of 'Sovereign Default' (主権債務不履行). When a country's economy is failing, the international community worries about this. You should be comfortable using this word in a formal essay or a business presentation about risk management.

At the C1 level, you should have a deep understanding of the legal categories of 債務不履行 (Saimu Furikou) as defined in the Japanese Civil Code (Minpou). There are three specific types you should be aware of: 履行遅滞 (Rikou Chitai) which is a delay, 履行不能 (Rikou Funou) which is when the task becomes impossible (e.g., the item to be delivered was destroyed), and 不完全履行 (Fukanzen Rikou) which is when the task was done but not correctly or completely.

You should also be able to discuss the consequences of 債務不履行, such as 損害賠償 (Songai Baishou - Damages) or 契約解除 (Keiyaku Kaijo - Contract Cancellation). In a C1 context, you might use this word to analyze the stability of global markets or the legal intricacies of a complex merger. You should also be familiar with the Katakana equivalent デフォルト and know that while it's common in finance, 債務不履行 remains the standard for all legal and official documentation in Japan.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

For C2 proficiency, 債務不履行 (Saimu Furikou) should be a word you can manipulate with absolute precision in high-level legal and economic discourse. You should understand how the 2020 reforms to the Japanese Civil Code affected the definitions and remedies for 債務不履行, specifically regarding the 'attribution of responsibility' (kiseki jiyuu). Previously, a debtor was only liable if they were at fault; now, the focus is more on whether the failure was within the debtor's sphere of control based on the contract and social norms.

In C2 discussions, you might explore the intersection of 債務不履行 with international arbitration, 不可抗力 (Fuka-kouryoku - Force Majeure), and cross-default clauses in international finance. You should be able to read complex legal judgments or white papers that use this term to describe the failure of state-owned enterprises or the restructuring of national debts. Your usage should reflect an understanding that this term is the bedrock of the law of obligations (Saiken-hou) in Japan.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

債務不履行 30 सेकंड में

債務不履行 (Saimu Furikou) is the formal Japanese term for 'default' or 'failure to fulfill a legal obligation.'
It is primarily used in financial, legal, and economic contexts, such as when a country or company cannot pay its debts.
The word consists of 'Saimu' (debt/duty) and 'Furikou' (non-performance), highlighting the breach of a formal agreement.
Commonly paired with the verb 'ochiiru' (to fall into), it signals a serious crisis that can lead to lawsuits or bankruptcy.

The term 債務不履行 (Saimu Furikou) is a formal legal and financial expression that translates to 'default' or 'failure to perform an obligation.' In the Japanese legal system, specifically under the Civil Code, it refers to a situation where a debtor (the person or entity who owes something) fails to fulfill their duty to the creditor (the person or entity to whom the duty is owed) in accordance with the terms of their agreement. While in English we often use 'default' primarily for financial debts, the Japanese term 債務 (saimu) covers a broader range of legal obligations, though its most common use today is indeed financial.

Breakdown of Kanji: 債 (Sai) refers to debt or loan; 務 (Mu) refers to duty or task; 不 (Fu) is a prefix for 'non-' or 'un-'; 履 (Ri) means to perform or carry out; 行 (Kou) means to conduct or act. Combined, it literally means 'non-execution of debt duties.'

This word is extremely common in the context of international finance and macroeconomics. When a country is unable to pay back its sovereign bonds, the news headlines in Japan will scream 「〇〇国が債務不履行の危機」 (Country X is in danger of default). It carries a heavy, serious tone and is rarely used in casual conversation unless someone is making a joke about a very serious broken promise. In business, it is the technical term used in contracts to describe what happens if one party doesn't deliver goods or payments on time.

アルゼンチン政府は、再び債務不履行に陥る可能性を否定できない。(The Argentine government cannot deny the possibility of falling into default again.)

Legal Categories: There are three main types of 債務不履行 in Japanese law: 1. 履行遅滞 (Rikou Chitai - Delayed performance), 2. 履行不能 (Rikou Funou - Impossible performance), and 3. 不完全履行 (Fukanzen Rikou - Incomplete performance).

契約書には、債務不履行の場合の損害賠償について明記されている。(The contract clearly states the damages to be paid in the event of a failure to fulfill obligations.)

Understanding this word is crucial for anyone reading the Nikkei Shimbun or watching NHK News. It represents the ultimate failure of a business relationship or a national economy's stability. When a company experiences this, it often leads to 倒産 (Tousan - Bankruptcy), although they are not the same thing. A company can be in default without being bankrupt yet, and vice versa in some technical legal scenarios.

パンデミックの影響で、多くの企業が債務不履行の瀬戸際に立たされた。(Due to the pandemic, many companies were pushed to the brink of default.)

金利の上昇は、途上国の債務不履行リスクを高める。(Rising interest rates increase the risk of default for developing nations.)

Historical Context: The term gained significant public awareness in Japan during the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and the later Greek debt crisis, where the term was used daily in media broadcasts to explain complex global economic shifts to the general public.

貸し手は、借り手の債務不履行に対して法的措置を講じた。(The lender took legal action against the borrower's failure to fulfill their debt.)

In summary, while the word looks intimidating with five kanji, it is a cornerstone of Japanese business and legal vocabulary. It describes a breach of trust in the most formal, quantifiable way possible—through the failure to meet a documented obligation.

Using 債務不履行 correctly requires understanding its grammatical placement as a noun. It is frequently the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb related to financial crisis. The most common verb construction is 債務不履行に陥る (to fall into default). This phrasing emphasizes a downward spiral or a state that one has entered due to unfortunate circumstances.

Verb Pairings: 1. 起こす (okosu) - To cause/commit a default. 2. 回避する (kaihi suru) - To avoid default. 3. 宣言する (sengen suru) - To declare default. 4. 認定する (nintei suru) - To officially recognize/certify a default.

When discussing international relations or national policy, you will often see it modified by the word 'Sovereign' (主権). Thus, 主権債務不履行 refers to a country defaulting on its national debt. In a sentence, this might look like: 「その国は主権債務不履行の瀬戸際にある」 (That country is on the verge of sovereign default).

もし彼らが期限までに支払わなければ、債務不履行とみなされます。(If they do not pay by the deadline, it will be considered a default.)

In legal documents, the word is often followed by に基づく (based on) to explain the grounds for a lawsuit. For example: 「債務不履行に基づく損害賠償請求」 (A claim for damages based on the failure to fulfill obligations). This is a standard phrase in Japanese litigation.

その企業は、過去に一度も債務不履行を起こしたことがない。(That company has never once committed a default in the past.)

Common Modifiers: 1. 重大な (Juudai na - Serious) 2. 意図的な (Itoteki na - Intentional) 3. 一時的な (Ichijiteki na - Temporary) 4. 実質的な (Jisshitsuteki na - Substantial/Technical).

If you are writing a business report, you might use the term to describe a risk factor. 'Our primary concern is the potential for default by our suppliers.' In Japanese: 「当社の最大の懸念は、仕入先の債務不履行の可能性です。」 This sounds professional and precise.

格付け会社は、その銀行の債務不履行リスクを「高い」と評価した。(The credit rating agency evaluated the bank's default risk as 'high'.)

法的な定義によれば、履行遅滞も債務不履行の一種である。(According to the legal definition, delayed performance is also a type of default.)

Sentence Structure Tip: When the default is the reason for something, use 'により' (due to). Example: 債務不履行により、契約は解除された (The contract was terminated due to default).

Finally, remember that this is a 'stiff' word. In a casual setting, if a friend owes you 500 yen and doesn't pay, saying 'Saimu Furikou' would be seen as a humorous exaggeration of the situation's gravity.

The word 債務不履行 is a staple of 'Kisha Kaiken' (Press Conferences) held by financial ministers or CEOs of failing companies. If you watch NHK's 7 PM news, you are likely to hear it during the international economy segment. It is the 'serious' way to talk about money problems on a grand scale.

News Media: Journalists use it to describe government shutdowns in the US or financial collapses in Europe. They often pair it with 'デフォルト' to ensure the audience understands the technical term.

In the workplace, particularly in legal and accounting departments, this word is used when auditing contracts or assessing the creditworthiness of a new client. If a Japanese company is considering a partnership with an overseas firm, the risk management team will produce a report on the 'Saimu Furikou Risk.'

経済ニュース：『米国の連邦政府が債務不履行を回避するために、債務上限の引き上げに合意しました。』 (Economic News: 'The US federal government has agreed to raise the debt ceiling to avoid a default.')

In university classrooms, especially in Law (Hougaku) or Economics (Keizaigaku) departments, students spend entire semesters studying the repercussions of 債務不履行. Professors will lecture on the 'Civil Code Article 415,' which defines the right to claim damages when an obligation is not met.

法学の講義：『民法第415条は、債務不履行による損害賠償の基本原則を定めています。』 (Law Lecture: 'Civil Code Article 415 establishes the basic principles for damages due to default.')

Financial Markets: Traders and analysts use it when discussing 'Credit Default Swaps' (CDS), which are essentially insurance against a 債務不履行 event. You'll hear phrases like 'Saimu Furikou no kakuritsu' (probability of default).

Another place you might encounter this is in 'Legal Thriller' dramas or movies. When a character is being sued for failing to deliver on a massive construction project or a business deal, the lawyer will dramatically point a finger and shout about their 債務不履行.

ドラマのセリフ：『これは明らかな債務不履行です！裁判で決着をつけましょう。』 (Drama Dialogue: 'This is a clear failure to fulfill obligations! Let's settle this in court.')

投資家への説明：『新興国市場への投資には、常に債務不履行の懸念がつきまといます。』 (Explanation to Investors: 'Investing in emerging markets is always accompanied by concerns about default.')

Whether it's a dry academic textbook, a high-stakes business negotiation, or a global news broadcast, 債務不履行 is the go-to word for describing the failure to keep a formal, binding promise.

The most common mistake learners make with 債務不履行 is confusing it with other financial failure terms like 倒産 (Tousan - Bankruptcy) or 破産 (Hasan - Personal Bankruptcy). While they are related, they are not synonyms. 債務不履行 is the *act* or *state* of not fulfilling a specific obligation, whereas 倒産 is the *result* where a company can no longer continue its business operations because of its debts.

Confusion with 'Tousan' (Bankruptcy): Mistake: 'The company went Saimu Furikou.' Correction: 'The company fell into Saimu Furikou, which led to Tousan.' A company can default on one specific loan (default) but still have enough cash to stay in business (not bankrupt).

Another mistake is using it for casual promises. If you promised to meet a friend at 5:00 and you show up at 5:30, that is not 債務不履行 in a natural sense. It is just '遅刻' (Chikoku - being late). Using such a heavy legal term for a social slip-up sounds either like a joke or like you don't understand the scale of the word.

× 友達との約束を破ったので、債務不履行になりました。 (Incorrect: I broke a promise to a friend, so it became a default.)

Learners also sometimes confuse it with 不渡り (Fuwatari). 不渡り specifically refers to a bounced check or a dishonored bill in the banking system. While a 'Fuwatari' event usually constitutes a 'Saimu Furikou,' the terms are used in different technical contexts. If a check bounces, use 'Fuwatari'; if a country doesn't pay its bonds, use 'Saimu Furikou.'

× 銀行の小切手が債務不履行になった。 (Incorrect: The bank check became a default. Correct: The check became 'Fuwatari'.)

Grammatical Errors: Avoid saying '債務不履行する' (to default). While technically understandable, the standard and more natural way is '債務不履行に陥る' (to fall into) or '債務不履行を起こす' (to cause/commit).

Finally, don't confuse it with 赤字 (Akaji - Deficit). A company or country can be in 'Akaji' (spending more than it earns) for years without ever hitting 'Saimu Furikou' (failing to pay what it owes). A deficit is a financial state; a default is a specific failure to meet an obligation.

政府の予算が赤字であることと、債務不履行になることは全く別の問題です。 (The government budget being in deficit and falling into default are completely different issues.)

By keeping these distinctions in mind—not casual, not just bankruptcy, and not just a deficit—you will use this high-level term with the precision of a native speaker or a legal professional.

There are several words that overlap with 債務不履行, and knowing which one to choose depends on the specific context—whether it's banking, general law, or everyday business. The most common synonym is the loanword デフォルト (Deforuto). While 'Saimu Furikou' is the formal legal term, 'Deforuto' is widely used in financial news and is slightly less 'stiff'.

Saimu Furikou vs. Deforuto: 債務不履行 is used in legal documents, courtrooms, and formal contracts. デフォルト is used in headlines, by traders on the floor, and in general economic discussions. They are 95% interchangeable in a financial context.

Another related term is 契約違反 (Keiyaku Ihan - Breach of Contract). All 'Saimu Furikou' (in a business context) are 'Keiyaku Ihan,' but not all 'Keiyaku Ihan' are 'Saimu Furikou.' For example, if a contract says you cannot wear a red shirt to work and you do, that is a 'Keiyaku Ihan' but not a 'Saimu Furikou' because it's not a failure to perform a 'saimu' (debt/duty of performance).

今回の件は、単なるマナーの問題ではなく、明確な契約違反です。(This matter is not just a question of manners; it is a clear breach of contract.)

Comparison Table

債務不履行: Failure to meet legal obligations (very formal).
デフォルト: Financial default (common in finance).
履行遅滞: Specifically *late* performance (legal sub-type).
不渡り: Bounced check (banking specific).
支払い不能: Inability to pay (focuses on the state of being broke).

When talking about a person who cannot pay their debts, you might use 借金苦 (Shakkinku - suffering from debt) or 多重債務 (Tajuu Saimu - multiple debts). These focus more on the person's situation rather than the legal act of failing to pay. If a company is struggling but hasn't defaulted yet, you might say they are in 経営危機 (Keiei Kiki - management crisis).

彼は多重債務を抱え、返済が滞っている。(He has multiple debts, and his repayments are stalled.)

その国は支払い不能の状態にあり、支援を求めている。(The country is in a state of insolvency and is seeking assistance.)

Understanding these alternatives allows you to navigate different levels of formality. Use 'Saimu Furikou' for the most serious, legally binding contexts, 'Deforuto' for financial discussions, and 'Keiyaku Ihan' for general broken agreements.

How Formal Is It?

रोचक तथ्य

The kanji 履 (ri) in Furikou literally means 'shoes' or 'to wear/tread'. It implies the act of walking the path of your promise.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK saɪ.muː fuː.ɾiː.koʊ

US saɪ.muː fuː.ɾiː.koʊ

Japanese is pitch-accented. In 'Saimu Furikou', the pitch typically starts high on 'Sai', drops on 'mu', and remains relatively flat/low for 'furikou'.

तुकबंदी

Kou (Action) Ryokou (Travel) Ginkou (Bank) Kenkou (Health) Kikou (Climate) Saikou (Highest) Keikou (Trend) Houkou (Direction)

आम गलतियाँ

Pronouncing 'fu' like an English 'f' with teeth on lips; it should be bilabial (lips only).
Shortening the long 'o' at the end of 'kou'.
Misplacing the pitch accent, making it sound like five separate words.
Swapping 'furikou' for 'fukou' (unhappiness).
Confusing 'saimu' with 'seimu' (government affairs).

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 8/5

High-level kanji and professional context make it hard for beginners.

लिखना 9/5

Writing five complex kanji correctly requires specific study.

बोलना 7/5

Long word, but the rhythm is predictable.

श्रवण 6/5

Easy to hear in news, but hard to distinguish from similar legal terms.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

債務 (Debt) 履行 (Performance) 契約 (Contract) 違反 (Violation) 支払い (Payment)

आगे सीखें

倒産 (Bankruptcy) 損害賠償 (Damages) 差し押さえ (Seizure/Foreclosure) 連帯保証 (Joint guarantee) 破産宣告 (Declaration of bankruptcy)

उन्नत

帰責事由 (Attributable cause) 催告 (Demand for performance) 同時履行の抗弁権 (Right to defense of simultaneous performance) 危険負担 (Risk of loss) 相殺 (Offset/Set-off)

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Noun + に陥る (ochiiru)

会社は債務不履行に陥った。

Noun + に基づく (motozuku)

債務不履行に基づく請求。

Noun + を理由に (wo riyuu ni)

債務不履行を理由に契約を解除した。

Noun + のおそれ (no osore)

債務不履行のおそれがある。

Noun + を回避する (wo kaihi suru)

債務不履行を回避するための努力。

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

かれはおかねをかえさない。これはさいむふりこうです。

He doesn't return the money. This is a default.

Uses simple 'desu' structure.

やくそくをまもりませんでした。さいむふりこうです。

I didn't keep the promise. It is a default.

Simple past tense of 'mamoru'.

ぎんこうのおかねをかえせません。

I cannot return the bank's money.

Potential form 'kaeseru' in negative.

ニュースでさいむふりこうといいました。

They said 'default' on the news.

Quoting particle 'to'.

さいむふりこうはこわいです。

Default is scary.

Adjective 'kowai'.

ともだちとさいむふりこうのはなしをしました。

I talked about default with my friend.

Particle 'to' for 'with'.

このかんじはさいむふりこうとよみます。

These kanji are read as 'saimu furikou'.

Passive-like 'yomimasu'.

さいむふりこうにならないでください。

Please do not fall into default.

Negative request 'naide kudasai'.

会社が債務不履行になりました。

The company fell into default.

Noun + ni naru.

彼は借金を返せなくて、債務不履行と言われました。

He couldn't pay back the loan and was told it's a default.

Passive 'iwaremashita'.

債務不履行はとても悪いことです。

Default is a very bad thing.

Noun modification with 'koto'.

銀行は債務不履行を心配しています。

The bank is worried about the default.

Verb 'shinpai shite iru'.

契約を守らないと、債務不履行になります。

If you don't keep the contract, it becomes a default.

Conditional 'to'.

テレビでアメリカの債務不履行のニュースを見ました。

I saw news about the US default on TV.

Possessive 'no'.

債務不履行になると、お金が借りられません。

If you default, you cannot borrow money.

Potential negative 'karirarenai'.

この言葉はビジネスでよく使われます。

This word is often used in business.

Passive 'tsukawaremasu'.

その国は債務不履行に陥るリスクがあります。

That country has a risk of falling into default.

The verb 'ochiiru' is standard here.

債務不履行を避けるために、政府は増税を決めました。

To avoid default, the government decided to raise taxes.

Purpose 'tame ni'.

もし債務不履行が起きれば、経済は大混乱になるでしょう。

If a default occurs, the economy will likely be in chaos.

Conditional 'ba' and 'deshou'.

契約書には債務不履行の際のルールが書いてあります。

The rules for the event of a default are written in the contract.

'Sai' meaning 'at the time of'.

彼は債務不履行によって信用を失いました。

He lost his credibility due to the default.

'Yotte' indicating cause.

企業が債務不履行を起こすと、株価が急落します。

When a company commits a default, the stock price plunges.

The verb 'okosu' for 'to commit'.

債務不履行は、法的な問題に発展することが多いです。

Defaults often develop into legal problems.

Verb 'hatten suru' (to develop into).

投資家は債務不履行の可能性を厳しくチェックします。

Investors strictly check the possibility of default.

Adverb 'kibishiku'.

債務不履行に基づく損害賠償を請求することにしました。

I decided to claim damages based on the failure to fulfill obligations.

'Motozuku' (based on).

主権債務不履行は、世界経済に甚大な影響を及ぼします。

Sovereign default has a profound impact on the global economy.

The verb 'oyobosu' (to exert/cause).

履行遅滞も債務不履行の一形態として認められています。

Delayed performance is also recognized as a form of default.

'Toshite' (as).

債務不履行が認定された場合、担保が没収される可能性があります。

If a default is certified, there is a possibility that collateral will be confiscated.

Passive 'nintei sareta'.

その銀行は、貸付先の債務不履行リスクを過小評価していました。

The bank underestimated the default risk of its borrowers.

Verb 'kashou hyouka suru'.

債務不履行を回避するための最終交渉が行われています。

Final negotiations are being held to avoid default.

Passive 'okonawarete iru'.

彼は意図的に債務不履行を繰り返しているようです。

It seems he is intentionally repeating defaults.

Adverb 'itoteki ni'.

債務不履行が発生した際の法的通知が届きました。

A legal notice arrived for when the default occurred.

Noun + ga todoku.

民法改正により、債務不履行の帰責事由に関する要件が整理されました。

Due to the Civil Code amendment, the requirements regarding the attribution of responsibility for default were organized.

Technical legal term 'kiseki jiyuu'.

履行不能による債務不履行の場合、反対給付の義務も消滅します。

In the case of default due to impossibility of performance, the obligation for counter-performance also ceases.

Technical term 'hantai kyuufu'.

債務不履行を理由とする契約解除には、事前の催告が必要な場合が多い。

Rescinding a contract on the grounds of default often requires prior notice.

Technical term 'saikoku' (formal demand).

クロス・デフォルト条項により、一つの債務不履行が全ての借入に波及した。

Due to the cross-default clause, one default spread to all borrowings.

Loanword 'kurosu deforuto'.

債務不履行が社会通念上、債務者の責めに帰すべきでないときは、賠償責任を負わない。

If the default is not attributable to the debtor according to social norms, they are not liable for damages.

Legal phrase 'shakai tsuunen jou'.

不完全履行が認められたため、追完請求権を行使することにした。

Since incomplete performance was recognized, I decided to exercise the right to request subsequent completion.

Technical term 'tsuikan seikuuken'.

債務不履行の立証責任は、原則として債権者側にあります。

The burden of proof for default generally lies with the creditor.

Technical term 'risshou sekinin'.

デフォルトは、実質的な債務不履行だけでなく、テクニカルなものも含まれる。

Default includes not only substantial failures but also technical ones.

Adjective 'jisshitsuteki na'.

当該企業の債務不履行は、連鎖倒産を誘発するトリガーとなりかねない。

The default of the company in question could potentially become a trigger that induces chain-reaction bankruptcies.

Grammar 'nari kanenai' (might happen - negative nuance).

債務不履行における遅延損害金の利率は、特約がない限り法定利率に従う。

The interest rate for delay damages in a default follows the statutory rate unless there is a special agreement.

Legal term 'houtei riritsu'.

不可抗力条項の解釈を巡り、債務不履行の成否が法廷で争われている。

The validity of the default is being contested in court over the interpretation of the force majeure clause.

Structure 'wo meguri' (concerning).

債務不履行が確定した瞬間、クレジット・デフォルト・スワップの清算が開始された。

The moment the default was finalized, the settlement of Credit Default Swaps began.

Noun + ga kakutei shita shunkan.

期待利益の喪失は、債務不履行による損害賠償の範疇に含まれるべきか議論がある。

There is debate over whether the loss of expected profits should be included in the scope of damages due to default.

Technical term 'kitai rieki'.

債務不履行の帰責事由の有無は、契約の性質及び取引上の社会通念に照らして判断される。

Whether or not there is an attributable cause for default is judged in light of the nature of the contract and social norms in transactions.

Grammar 'ni terashite' (in light of).

債権者は、債務不履行を理由として、直ちに契約を解除する権利を有する。

The creditor has the right to immediately terminate the contract on the grounds of default.

Verb 'yuusuru' (to possess/have).

債務不履行の概念は、英米法の『Breach of Contract』と必ずしも一致しない。

The concept of default (Saimu Furikou) does not necessarily coincide with 'Breach of Contract' in Anglo-American law.

Adverbial phrase 'kanarazushimo ... nai'.

समानार्थी शब्द

デフォルト支払い不能

विलोम शब्द

債務履行完済

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

債務不履行に陥る

債務不履行を回避する

債務不履行のリスク

債務不履行に基づく

主権債務不履行

債務不履行責任

実質的な債務不履行

債務不履行の宣言

意図的な債務不履行

債務不履行の認定

सामान्य वाक्यांश

債務不履行に陥る

— To fall into default. Used when a situation deteriorates into non-payment.

パンデミックにより、多くの小規模事業者が債務不履行に陥った。

債務不履行を回避する

— To avoid default. Used when discussing preventative measures.

追加融資を受け、なんとか債務不履行を回避した。

債務不履行の瀬戸際

— On the brink of default. Used to describe a very tense situation.

その国は現在、債務不履行の瀬戸際に立たされている。

債務不履行のリスク管理

— Default risk management. A standard business process.

銀行にとって、債務不履行のリスク管理は最優先事項だ。

債務不履行による損害賠償

— Damages due to default. A common legal claim.

債務不履行による損害賠償を裁判所に申し立てた。

債務不履行の通知

— Notice of default. A formal letter sent to a debtor.

支払いが一ヶ月遅れたため、債務不履行の通知が届いた。

債務不履行の再発防止

— Prevention of recurrence of default.

再発防止策として、審査基準を厳格化した。

債務不履行を宣言する

— To declare default. Usually done by a government or a large entity.

ロシアは1998年に債務不履行を宣言した。

債務不履行の状態にある

— To be in a state of default.

貸付金が返済されないまま、債務不履行の状態が続いている。

債務不履行の法的定義

— The legal definition of default.

弁護士は債務不履行の法的定義について説明した。

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

債務不履行 vs 倒産

Bankruptcy. Saimu Furikou is the act of not paying; Tousan is the company closing down because of it.

債務不履行 vs 赤字

Deficit. You can have a deficit but still pay your bills (not in default).

債務不履行 vs 借金

Debt. Saimu Furikou is the failure to pay the debt, not the debt itself.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"首が回らない"

— To be up to one's neck in debt. While not using the word, it's the casual state leading to it.

借金で首が回らなくなり、債務不履行に陥った。

Informal

"火の車"

— Being in desperate financial straits. Describes the condition of a company near default.

経営は火の車で、いつ債務不履行になってもおかしくない。

Informal

"背水の陣"

— Last stand/With one's back to the wall. Used when trying to avoid default.

債務不履行を避けるため、背水の陣で交渉に臨む。

Neutral

"泥沼に嵌まる"

— To be stuck in a bog. Describes a cycle of debt leading to default.

借金返済の泥沼に嵌まり、ついに債務不履行となった。

Informal

"万策尽きる"

— To be at one's wit's end/exhaust all options. Often happens right before default.

万策尽きて、債務不履行を宣言せざるを得なかった。

Formal

"土俵際に追い詰められる"

— To be pushed to the edge of the sumo ring. Being close to default.

資金繰りが悪化し、土俵際に追い詰められている。

Neutral

"一蓮托生"

— Sharing the same fate. Used when a default affects many related companies.

親会社が債務不履行になれば、子会社も一蓮托生だ。

Formal

"暗雲が立ち込める"

— Dark clouds gathering. Used for the looming threat of default.

市場には債務不履行の暗雲が立ち込めている。

Literary

"綱渡りの経営"

— Tightrope management. Managing finances so poorly that default is always close.

綱渡りの経営を続けていたが、ついに債務不履行に陥った。

Neutral

"断腸の思い"

— Heartbreaking decision. Used by leaders when declaring default.

断腸の思いで、債務不履行の決定を下した。

Formal

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

債務不履行 vs 不渡り

Both involve not paying.

Fuwatari is specifically for checks/bills in the banking system; Saimu Furikou is the general legal term.

小切手が不渡りになった。(The check bounced.)

債務不履行 vs 破産

Both involve financial failure.

Hasan is a specific legal process where assets are liquidated; Saimu Furikou is the breach of duty.

彼は裁判所に破産を申し立てた。(He filed for bankruptcy with the court.)

債務不履行 vs 遅延

Both mean something is late.

Chien is just 'delay'; Saimu Furikou is a formal legal breach due to delay (Rikou Chitai).

電車の遅延で遅れました。(I was late due to a train delay.)

債務不履行 vs 違約

Both mean breaking a contract.

Iyaku is a general breach; Saimu Furikou is specifically about the 'saimu' (duty/debt).

違約金を払うことになった。(I had to pay a penalty for breach of contract.)

債務不履行 vs デフォルト

They mean the same thing.

Saimu Furikou is Japanese origin/legal; Default is loanword/financial.

デフォルトのリスクを想定する。(Assume the risk of default.)

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

[Organization] + は + [Reason] + で + 債務不履行に陥った。

その国は放漫財政で債務不履行に陥った。

債務不履行のリスクが + [Verb: increase/decrease]。

債務不履行のリスクが急激に高まっている。

債務不履行に基づく + [Noun: claim/damages]。

債務不履行に基づく損害賠償を求める。

債務不履行が + [Verb: recognized/certified] + された。

正式に債務不履行が認定された。

債務不履行の + 帰責事由 + を + [Verb: dispute/verify]。

債務不履行の帰責事由を厳密に検証する。

債務不履行を + 回避する + ために + [Action]。

債務不履行を回避するために資産を売却した。

もし + 債務不履行に + なったら + 大変だ。

もし債務不履行になったら大変なことになる。

債務不履行を + 理由とする + 契約解除。

債務不履行を理由とする契約解除は有効だ。

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

債務 (Debt)

不履行 (Non-performance)

債務者 (Debtor)

債権者 (Creditor)

履行 (Performance/Fulfillment)

क्रिया

履行する (To fulfill)

不履行にする (To fail to fulfill)

債務を負う (To owe a debt)

विशेषण

不履行な (Non-performing - rare as an adjective)

債務的な (Debt-related)

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

High in financial/legal domains; low in daily life.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Using it for a late friend. → 約束を破る (Yakusoku wo yaburu)
債務不履行 is too formal and technical for social situations.
Confusing it with 倒産 (Tousan). → 債務不履行 leading to 倒産.
One is the act of not paying, the other is the business failing.
Saying '債務不履行する'. → 債務不履行に陥る / 債務不履行を起こす
It's a noun that requires a specific verb to sound natural.
Confusing it with 赤字 (Akaji). → Use 赤字 for budget deficits.
A deficit is just spending more than you have; default is failing to pay a specific debt.
Writing '債務不力行'. → 債務不履行
The kanji for 'performance' is 履行, not 力行.

सुझाव

Formal Contexts

Always use this word in business meetings or legal writing. It shows you have a high level of Japanese proficiency.

Verb Choice

Remember the pair 'Saimu Furikou ni ochiiru'. It's the most natural way to describe the event.

Not Just Money

While 90% of the time it's about money, it can also be about failing to deliver a product on time.

The Kanji 'Ri'

The 'Ri' in Furikou is the same as in 'Rirekisho' (Resume). It's about your 'track record' or 'performance'.

News Keywords

When you hear 'Saimu', get ready for a story about a financial crisis.

Social Weight

Understand that this word implies a serious loss of 'face' in Japanese society.

Stroke Order

Take time to learn the stroke order of 債 (debt) as it is a common kanji in finance.

Default vs Saimu Furikou

Use 'Default' for verbal financial discussions and 'Saimu Furikou' for written legal ones.

Civil Code Reforms

C1/C2 learners should look into the 2020 reforms to see how the definition changed slightly.

Pronunciation

Don't rush the word. It's 5 syllables. Pronounce each one clearly to be understood.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of 'Saimu' as 'Sigh... Moo'. You 'sigh' because you have a 'moo-ving' debt. 'Furikou' sounds like 'Free-Co'. If you don't pay, you are trying to get the 'Co'mpany for 'Free'. But that's a breach!

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a man in a suit (the debtor) standing in front of a giant wall (the debt) and simply sitting down instead of climbing over it. He is not performing his task.

Word Web

Bank Contract Money Lawyer Default Risk Late Broken Promise

चैलेंज

Try to find the word '債務不履行' in a Japanese news article today. Look for sections about the US economy or corporate earnings.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

The term is a Sino-Japanese compound (Kango). 'Saimu' (債務) dates back to early legal codes influenced by Chinese law, while 'Furikou' (不履行) was popularized in the Meiji era as Japan modernized its legal system and translated Western concepts like 'default' and 'non-performance'.

मूल अर्थ: Failure to perform a duty owed to another.

Japonic (Sino-Japanese vocabulary).

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

Avoid using this word to describe a person's personal life unless you are a lawyer or they are in a legal battle. It is too heavy for casual settings.

In the West, 'default' is often seen as a strategic business decision (e.g., strategic default on a mortgage). In Japan, it's rarely viewed as 'strategic' and almost always as a 'failure'.

The Lehman Shock (リーマン・ショック) reports in Japan. The Greek Debt Crisis (ギリシャ債務危機). US Debt Ceiling (債務上限) debates.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

News / Economics

債務不履行の危機
デフォルト回避
格付け引き下げ
財政破綻

Legal / Contracts

不履行責任を問う
契約の解除
損害賠償請求
履行の催告

Banking / Finance

不良債権
貸し倒れ
信用リスク
担保権の実行

Corporate Management

資金繰り悪化
支払猶予
経営再建
倒産リスク

University / Law Studies

民法415条
過失責任の原則
履行遅滞の要件
相当因果関係

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"最近のニュースで、あの国の債務不履行が話題になっていますね。"

"もし取引先が債務不履行になったら、どう対応すべきでしょうか？"

"債務不履行とデフォルトって、厳密にはどう違うんですか？"

"契約書に債務不履行の条項を入れるのを忘れないでください。"

"債務不履行による損害を最小限に抑える方法はありますか？"

डायरी विषय

もし自分が貸したお金が債務不履行になったら、どんな気持ちになりますか？

ビジネスにおいて、債務不履行を避けるために最も大切なことは何だと思いますか？

ニュースで見た債務不履行の事例について、自分の意見を書いてください。

信頼（しんらい）と債務不履行の関係について考察してください。

債務不履行という言葉を使って、架空のビジネスドラマのあらすじを書いてください。

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

No. 債務不履行 (Default) is the failure to pay a specific debt or fulfill a duty. 倒産 (Bankruptcy) is the total collapse of a business. A company can default on one loan but keep operating.

Technically, if there was a legal obligation, yes. But socially, it sounds way too formal. Use 'yakusoku wo yaburu' (break a promise) instead.

They are: 履行遅滞 (Delay), 履行不能 (Impossibility), and 不完全履行 (Incomplete performance).

You can say '主権債務不履行' (Shuken Saimu Furikou) or simply '国家デフォルト' (Kokka Deforuto).

The most common verb is '陥る' (ochiiru), meaning to fall into a state of default.

Yes, very common in financial news. However, in legal contracts, 債務不履行 is the standard term.

Usually, the creditor will send a notice, and if not resolved, they may sue for damages (損害賠償) or seize collateral (担保).

Generally, no. It is a civil matter (Minpou). However, if there was intent to defraud, it could become a crime (Sagi).

Yes. Countries like Argentina, Greece, and Russia have famously experienced this when they couldn't pay their international bonds.

債 (Debt) + 務 (Duty) + 不 (Non) + 履 (Perform) + 行 (Act). 債務不履行.

सुझाव और नोट्स के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें