When using これら (korerra), you are specifically pointing to multiple items that are either physically close to you or have just been discussed in the conversation. It's similar to saying "these ones."
You can use これら by itself, or it can be followed by a noun, like これらの本 (korerra no hon) meaning "these books." It's a versatile pronoun for referring to groups of things.
Remember that it implies proximity or recent mention, so use it when the context of the items is already clear to your listener.
When talking about multiple items that are close to the speaker or have just been mentioned, これら (korerra) is the appropriate pronoun to use. Think of it like the plural form of 「これ」 (kore), meaning "this."
It's very useful when you want to refer to a group of objects or concepts without having to list them all out again. For instance, if you're discussing a few different options, you can simply say 「これらは…」 (korerra wa...) to refer to "these options."
While often translated as "these," it carries a nuance of referring to things that are relatively close in context or proximity. It streamlines your communication by providing a concise way to group previously introduced information.
You'll find it commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to maintain flow and avoid repetition.
§ Understanding これら
The Japanese pronoun これら (korerra) means "these." It's used to refer to multiple items that are physically close to the speaker or have just been mentioned in the conversation. Think of it as the plural form of これ (kore), which means "this." When you're talking about more than one thing that is right in front of you, or things that were just brought up, これら is the word you need.
§ Basic Sentence Structure with これら
The most straightforward way to use これら is as the subject of a sentence, followed by the topic particle は (wa) and a descriptive phrase.
- Structure
- これら は [Description] です。
これら は 私の本です。
These are my books.
これら は 美しい花です。
These are beautiful flowers.
§ Using これら with Other Particles
You can combine これら with various particles to express different relationships in a sentence.
- を (o) - Direct Object Particle: Use を when これら is the direct object of a verb.
これら を 買いました。
I bought these.
- に (ni) - Indirect Object/Location Particle: Use に to indicate a recipient or a location related to これら.
これら に 興味があります。
I am interested in these.
- から (kara) - From Particle: Use から to show the origin.
これら から 選びます。
I will choose from these.
- と (to) - And/With Particle: Use と to mean "with these" or "these and..."
これら と それら を 比較してください。
Please compare these and those.
§ これら as a Modifier
You can also use これら directly before a noun to mean "these [nouns]." In this case, no particle is needed between これら and the noun.
- Structure
- これら [Noun]
これら の本は面白いです。
These books are interesting.
Notice that when これら modifies a noun, you might sometimes see の (no) used after it, as in これら の 本. This makes it possessive, similar to "these *of* books" (though not a direct translation), essentially clarifying that the books are part of "these." While both are common, simply using これら + noun is also correct and often more direct.
これら の問題は難しいです。
These problems are difficult.
§ Contrast with それら and あれら
Just like これ (kore) relates to それ (sore) and あれ (are), これら has counterparts for items further away:
- それら (sorera): "Those" (near the listener, or previously mentioned by the listener).
- あれら (arera): "Those over there" (far from both speaker and listener).
これら と それら は違います。
These and those are different.
How Formal Is It?
"これらは重要な書類です。(Kore-ra wa jūyō na shorui desu.) - These are important documents."
"これらは私の本です。(Kore-ra wa watashi no hon desu.) - These are my books."
"これら、全部いる？ (Kore-ra, zenbu iru?) - Do you need all of these?"
"これらのおもちゃで遊ぼう！ (Kore-ra no omocha de asobou!) - Let's play with these toys!"
"これら、マジやばい。(Kore-ra, maji yabai.) - These are seriously amazing/bad."
रोचक तथ्य
This word is part of a set of demonstrative pronouns: これ (kore - this), それ (sore - that near listener), あれ (are - that far from both), and どれ (dore - which). 'これら' is the plural form of 'これ'.
उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका
- kodera
ज़रूरी व्याकरण
「これら」is a plural demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these'. It refers to items that are close to the speaker or listener, or items that have just been mentioned.
これらは私の本です。 (These are my books.)
When used as a subject, 「これら」is often followed by the particle 「が」, though it can be omitted in casual speech. It can also be followed by 「は」to mark it as a topic.
これらが好きです。 (I like these.)
「これら」can be used to refer to a group of people, but it is less common and can sometimes sound a bit formal or impersonal. 「この人たち」is generally preferred for people.
これらは学生です。(These are students.) - *grammatically correct but less common for people*
「これら」can precede a noun to modify it, but it typically requires the particle 「の」. For example, 「これらの本」 (these books). However, 「これらの」is more commonly used independently.
これらのリンゴは美味しいです。(These apples are delicious.)
「これら」is part of the コ・ソ・ア・ド series of demonstratives. 「これ」 (this), 「それ」 (that near listener), 「あれ」 (that far from both), 「どれ」 (which). The plural forms follow the same pattern: 「これら」 (these), 「それら」 (those near listener), 「あれら」 (those far from both), 「どれら」 (which ones).
あれらは何ですか。(What are those?)
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
これらの本は図書館から借りました。
I borrowed these books from the library.
これらの問題は解決しなければなりません。
These problems must be solved.
これらのデータは最新のものではありません。
These data are not the latest.
これらの質問に答えてください。
Please answer these questions.
これらの情報は極秘です。
These pieces of information are top secret.
これらの品物は全て日本製です。
All these items are made in Japan.
これらの絵は彼の初期の作品です。
These paintings are his early works.
これらの経験は私にとって貴重でした。
These experiences were valuable to me.
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
This (singular, near speaker)
This one's, of this (possessive of 'これ')
These (topic marker 'は' indicating these as the subject)
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Many English speakers confuse 'これら' with 'これ' (kore) because both can refer to 'this' or 'these.' However, 'これら' specifically refers to multiple items already mentioned or present, while 'これ' refers to a single item.
'これら' is plural, indicating 'these things.' 'これ' is singular, meaning 'this thing.'
これらはおいしいですか？ (Are these delicious? - referring to multiple items already in view or discussed)
Similar to 'これら,' 'それら' is often confused with 'それ' (sore). Both relate to 'that'/'those,' but 'それら' is for multiple items, 'それ' for one.
'それら' is plural, meaning 'those things.' 'それ' is singular, meaning 'that thing.'
それらはどこにありますか？ (Where are those? - referring to multiple items at a distance or previously mentioned)
'あれら' can be confusing for similar reasons to 'これら' and 'それら,' as it's the plural form of 'あれ' (are). Both refer to 'that/those over there,' but 'あれら' is specifically for multiple items.
'あれら' is plural, meaning 'those things over there.' 'あれ' is singular, meaning 'that thing over there.'
あれらは私のものではありません。 (Those over there are not mine. - referring to multiple items far from both speaker and listener)
Just like 'どれ' (dore), 'どれら' is used for asking 'which one(s),' but learners often forget its plural nature. It specifically asks about multiple items.
'どれら' is plural, meaning 'which ones?' 'どれ' is singular, meaning 'which one?'
どれらが好きですか？ (Which ones do you like? - asking about multiple options)
While these refer to directions ('this way,' 'that way,' 'over that way'), their usage can be confusing with 'これ,' 'それ,' 'あれ' because they often imply multiple items or a general area rather than specific singular objects.
These are informal directional indicators, not directly plural versions of 'これ,' 'それ,' 'あれ.' They refer to areas or groups of things in a general direction.
こっちに来てください。 (Please come this way. - implying a general direction or group of people/items)
इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
When referring to multiple items near the speaker or previously mentioned, use 「これら」. It's often followed by a particle like 「は」 (topic marker) or 「を」 (direct object marker).
Examples:
- これらは私の本です。(These are my books.)
- これらを読んでください。(Please read these.)
A common mistake is confusing 「これら」 with 「これ」. While 「これ」 means 'this' (singular), 「これら」 specifically refers to 'these' (plural).
Another mistake is using 「これら」 to refer to people. While not strictly incorrect grammatically, it's generally more polite and natural to use specific terms for groups of people, or other demonstrative pronouns like 「これらの方々 (these people - formal)」 or 「この人たち (these people - informal)」, rather than 「これら」 alone for people. However, 「これら」 is perfectly fine for animals or inanimate objects.
Incorrect: これらは彼らです。 (These are them.)
Correct: この人たちは彼らです。(These people are them.)
Correct: これらの猫はかわいいです。(These cats are cute.)
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
Japanese
मूल अर्थ: These
Japonicसांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
In Japanese communication, using demonstrative pronouns like これら is very common. They are frequently used when pointing out items or referring to topics already established in the conversation, making interactions smooth and context-dependent. Japanese culture often values indirectness and context, and demonstrative pronouns reflect this by allowing speakers to refer to things without explicitly naming them again.
खुद को परखो 42 सवाल
___ は わたしの ほん です。
Here, 'これ' (kore) means 'this' and is used for an object close to the speaker. The sentence means 'This is my book.'
___ は だれの かさ です か。
'この' (kono) means 'this' and is used before a noun. The question asks 'Whose umbrella is this?'
わたし の かばん は ___ です。
'ここ' (koko) means 'here' and refers to a location near the speaker. The sentence means 'My bag is here.'
これは ___ の くるま です か。
'だれ' (dare) means 'who' and is used to ask about a person. The question means 'Whose car is this?'
___ は ぎんこう です。
'あそこ' (asoko) means 'over there' and refers to a place far from both the speaker and listener. The sentence means 'That (over there) is a bank.'
この とけい は ___ です。
'いくら' (ikura) means 'how much' and is used to ask about price. The sentence means 'How much is this watch?'
Listen to the sentence about favorite books.
Listen to the sentence about new technology.
Listen to the sentence about something delicious.
Read this aloud:
これらは何ですか？
Focus: Ko-re-ra wa nan desu ka?
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
これらは私の鉛筆です。
Focus: Ko-re-ra wa wa-ta-shi no en-pi-tsu desu.
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
これらは彼のものです。
Focus: Ko-re-ra wa ka-re no mo-no desu.
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
___ は私の好きな本です。(These are my favorite books.)
To refer to multiple items that are close to the speaker or already mentioned, 'これら' is the appropriate pronoun.
パーティーに持ってきてくれたワインは、___ とてもおいしかったです。(The wines you brought to the party, these were very delicious.)
'これら' refers to the wines that were brought, implying they are either still present or recently discussed.
___ のアイデアは、会議で高く評価されました。(These ideas were highly praised in the meeting.)
When referring to multiple ideas that have been presented or are currently being discussed, 'これら' is used.
店員さん、___ のシャツはサイズがありますか？(Excuse me, shop assistant, do these shirts have other sizes?)
To ask about multiple shirts that are close to the speaker, 'これら' is the correct choice.
先生、___ の質問に答えていただけますか？(Teacher, could you answer these questions?)
When asking about multiple questions that have been asked or are currently being referred to, 'これら' is used.
旅行で撮った写真は、___ 全て私の宝物です。(The photos I took on my trip, these are all my treasures.)
'これら' is used to refer to the multiple photos, implying they are being presented or talked about.
The sentence translates to 'These are the books I bought yesterday.' The word order follows the standard Japanese structure of 'topic + subject + time + verb + object + です.'
This sentence means 'Do these also need repairs?' 'これらも' (these also) functions as the topic, followed by '修理が' (repairs - subject) and '必要ですか？' (are necessary?).
The sentence translates to 'Please choose one from these.' 'これらから' (from these) indicates the source, followed by '一つ' (one item) and '選んでください' (please choose).
Choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: ここに___本があります。どれを借りたいですか？
The speaker is referring to books that are present and visible, so 'これら' (these) is the most natural choice.
Which sentence correctly uses 'これら'?
While '夢' (dreams) are abstract, 'これら' can be used to refer to a collection of previously mentioned or understood abstract concepts. In a context where the speaker is elaborating on their dreams, this usage is perfectly valid.
Select the best fit: 会議で議論された___提案は、次のステップで検討されます。
'これら' refers to the proposals that were just discussed in the meeting, making it the most suitable choice to indicate 'these' proposals.
The sentence 'これらは私の子供たちです。' means 'Those are my children.'
'これら' means 'these,' referring to items or people close to the speaker or listener. 'Those' would typically be 'それら' or 'あれら' depending on distance.
'これら' can be used to refer to abstract concepts as well as physical objects.
'これら' can refer to a group of abstract ideas, concepts, or issues that have been brought up or are under discussion, not just tangible items.
In the sentence 'これらは全て私が作った料理です。', 'これら' refers to dishes that are physically present.
In this context, 'これら' refers to the dishes that the speaker has made and are presumably visible or available.
The documents mentioned contain confidential information.
We need to find solutions for these problems.
These changes will significantly impact our business.
Read this aloud:
これらの新しい技術は私たちの生活を豊かにします。
Focus: これら, 新しい, 技術, 豊かに
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
これらのプロジェクトは、来年末までに完了する予定です。
Focus: これら, プロジェクト, 来年末, 完了
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
これらのデータは、最終報告書に含める必要があります。
Focus: これら, データ, 最終報告書, 含める
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
The speaker is talking about documents.
The speaker is referring to cherished memories.
The speaker indicates an urgent need for problem resolution.
Read this aloud:
これらの提案は、私たちの目標達成に不可欠です。
Focus: これら (korera), 不可欠 (fukaketsu)
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
これらを考慮に入れると、より良い解決策が見つかるでしょう。
Focus: これらを (korera o), 解決策 (kaiketsusaku)
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
これらの措置は、今後の安全を保証するために重要です。
Focus: これらの (korera no), 措置 (sochi), 措置 (hochi)
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
/ 42 correct
Perfect score!
उदाहरण
これらは全て私の本です。
संबंधित सामग्री
business के और शब्द
遅めに
B1Late or later than usual.
経理
B1Accounting, accounts department; managing financial records.
的確な
B1Accurate; precise; exactly correct.
達成する
B1To achieve; to accomplish a goal.
活性化
B2To make something more active, lively, or effective. It is used for communities (revitalization), economies (stimulation), and biological processes (activation).
付加
B2To add or attach something extra to an existing thing to increase its value or function.
優位性
B2The state of being in a superior or more advantageous position compared to others; an edge or competitive advantage.
有利
A2Advantageous, favorable; beneficial in a situation.
有利に
B1Advantageously; favorably.
宣伝する
B1To promote; to publicize; to advertise.
