Use '这些' to refer to multiple things that are close to you.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Used to point to multiple items near the speaker.
- Functions as a plural demonstrative pronoun in Chinese.
- Often used with measure words before nouns.
Overview
- 1概述：‘这些’是现代汉语中最基础的指示代词之一，专门用于指代复数事物。它由‘这’（this）和‘些’（plural marker）构成，明确限定了所指对象的数量为多个。2) 用法模式：通常放在名词前，构成‘这些+（量词）+名词’的结构，例如‘这些书’或‘这些个苹果’。在口语中，量词有时可以省略，但加上量词会使表达更地道。3) 常见语境：它广泛应用于日常生活，如询问物品（‘这些是什么？’）、指引方向或在购物时表达需求（‘我要买这些’）。4) 相似词比较：‘这些’与‘那些’（those）相对，前者指近处，后者指远处。与‘一些’（some）不同，‘一些’侧重于不确定的数量，而‘这些’具有明确的指示性，指代特定的、可见的或上文已提及的对象。掌握‘这些’是进行复数表达的基础，初学者应重点练习其与量词的搭配。
Examples
这些书是我的。
everydayThese books are mine.
请阅读这些文件。
formalPlease read these documents.
这些看起来不错！
informalThese look good!
这些数据表明了趋势。
academicThese data indicate a trend.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
这些天
these days
就是这些
that's all
这些都是
these all are
Often Confused With
‘一些’ means 'some' and is indefinite, while ‘这些’ means 'these' and is definite/specific.
‘那些’ refers to objects at a distance (those), whereas ‘这些’ refers to objects close by (these).
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
Use '这些' when you are pointing to specific items. It is neutral in register and can be used in both formal and casual settings. Always ensure the noun following it is plural in meaning.
Common Mistakes
Beginners often use '这些' with singular nouns, which is incorrect. Another error is omitting the noun entirely when the context isn't clear enough. Ensure the listener knows what you are referring to.
Tips
Pair with measure words for fluency
Adding a measure word like '些' or '本' makes your Chinese sound much more natural. Practice saying '这些本书' to get used to the rhythm.
Don't confuse with singular '这'
Remember that '这' is for singular objects, while '这些' is strictly for plural. Using '这些' for a single item is grammatically incorrect.
Context matters in Chinese
In Chinese, plural markers are often omitted if the context is clear. However, using '这些' explicitly helps avoid ambiguity in professional settings.
Word Origin
The word is a combination of '这' (this) and '些' (a plural suffix). It evolved to categorize multiple objects within the speaker's proximity.
Cultural Context
In Chinese culture, being specific is valued. Using '这些' shows you are attentive to the objects around you.
Memory Tip
Think of '这' as 'this' and '些' as a 'plural pile'. So '这些' is 'this pile of things'.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions在现代口语中，‘这些’后面有时可以省略量词，特别是当名词本身具有概括性时。但在正式场合或指代特定个体时，加上合适的量词会使表达更规范。
‘这些’表示复数，数量不确定；而‘这几个’明确表示数量较少，通常指3到5个左右。如果你不确定具体数量，用‘这些’更安全。
核心区别在于距离。‘这些’指代近处的事物，‘那些’指代远处的事物。这与英语中 'these' 和 'those' 的用法完全一致。
可以，‘这些’可以指代一群人，例如‘这些人’。但在指代人时，通常搭配‘人’这个名词。
Test Yourself
___ 苹果看起来很好吃。
因为‘苹果’后面没有明确数量，且通常指代复数，故使用‘这些’。
你想买哪本书？
‘这些’作为代词可以独立指代上文提到的复数事物。
书 / 这些 / 是 / 我的
标准的中文语序是‘指示代词+名词+是+宾语’。
Score: /3
Summary
Use '这些' to refer to multiple things that are close to you.
- Used to point to multiple items near the speaker.
- Functions as a plural demonstrative pronoun in Chinese.
- Often used with measure words before nouns.
Pair with measure words for fluency
Adding a measure word like '些' or '本' makes your Chinese sound much more natural. Practice saying '这些本书' to get used to the rhythm.
Don't confuse with singular '这'
Remember that '这' is for singular objects, while '这些' is strictly for plural. Using '这些' for a single item is grammatically incorrect.
Context matters in Chinese
In Chinese, plural markers are often omitted if the context is clear. However, using '这些' explicitly helps avoid ambiguity in professional settings.
Examples
4 of 4这些书是我的。
These books are mine.
请阅读这些文件。
Please read these documents.
这些看起来不错！
These look good!
这些数据表明了趋势。
These data indicate a trend.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Vocabulary
More general words
一下儿
A1a bit, a moment
点儿
A1a little bit
有点儿
A1a little, somewhat (negative connotation)
一下
A2A bit; a moment (used after a verb).
异样
B1different; unusual; strange
关于
A1about, concerning
快要
A2to be about to (happen)
大约
B1Used to show that a number or amount is not exact; approximately.
上边
A2above, on top
上面
A1on, above, over
