When using “这些” (zhè xiē), remember it's always followed by a noun, just like "these" in English. For example, 你想买这些书吗？ (Nǐ xiǎng mǎi zhè xiē shū ma?) – Do you want to buy these books?
You don't need to add a measure word between “这些” and the noun. It's incorrect to say “这些本书”.
“这些” can also stand alone if the noun is understood from context. For instance, if someone asks, 哪本书是你的？(Nǎ běn shū shì nǐ de?) – Which books are yours? You could reply, 这些是我的。(Zhè xiē shì wǒ de.) – These are mine.
这些 en 30 secondes
- "这些" means "these."
- It's used for plural things or people nearby.
- Often precedes a noun or is used alone.
§ What does it mean and when do people use it?
Let's talk about the Chinese word 这些 (zhè xiē). It's a fundamental pronoun that means 'these'. Think of it like the plural form of 'this'. If you're pointing to more than one thing that's close to you, you'll use 这些. It's super common, so getting it right early on will make a big difference in how natural your Chinese sounds.
- Definition
- These
So, when exactly do you use 这些? Basically, any time you would say 'these' in English, you'll likely use 这些 in Chinese. It's used to refer to multiple items, people, or concepts that are close to the speaker, either physically or in context. It indicates proximity and plurality.
Let's look at some examples to make this clear:
这些书很有趣。
(These books are very interesting.)
Here, 'these books' means you're talking about multiple books right near you, or books you've just mentioned. Another one:
这些学生很聪明。
(These students are very smart.)
You can also use it when asking questions:
这些是什么？
(What are these?)
It's important to note that 这些 can be used with or without a measure word when referring to nouns. For beginners, it's generally easier to just use 这些 directly before the noun, especially for common objects. While sometimes a measure word like '个 (gè)' might be inserted, it's not always necessary, and often sounds more natural to omit it when using 这些.
For example, instead of saying '这些三个苹果' (zhè xiē sān gè píng guǒ - these three apples), which is incorrect, you'd say '这些苹果' (zhè xiē píng guǒ - these apples) or '三个苹果' (sān gè píng guǒ - three apples). If you specify the number, you use the measure word. If you use 这些, you usually don't need a specific measure word unless you're emphasizing the quantity after saying 'these'. But for now, keep it simple: 这些 + Noun.
Here's a breakdown of common uses:
- Referring to objects: When you have multiple items in front of you.
- Referring to people: When talking about a group of people nearby or currently in focus.
- Referring to abstract concepts: 'These ideas,' 'these problems.'
Always remember that 这些 is plural. You wouldn't use it for a single item. For a single item that's close, you'd use '这个 (zhè ge)' meaning 'this one'.
这些衣服很漂亮。
(These clothes are very beautiful.)
这些是我的朋友。
(These are my friends.)
Practice using 这些 in simple sentences. Point to things around you and say '这些 + [noun]'. The more you use it, the more natural it will become. It's a small but mighty word in your Chinese vocabulary building journey.
How Formal Is It?
"此方案将有助于解决问题。(This plan will help solve the problem.)"
"这些书是我的。(These books are mine.)"
"这几个人是谁？(Who are these few people?)"
"这些小动物真可爱！(These little animals are so cute!)"
"这帮家伙又在搞什么？(What are these guys up to again?)"
Guide de prononciation
- Incorrectly pronouncing the 'zh' as 'z' or 'j'.
- Failing to aspirate the 'sh' sound.
Exemples par niveau
这些书都是关于中国历史的，如果你感兴趣，可以借去读读。
These books are all about Chinese history, if you're interested, you can borrow them to read.
A simple statement indicating a collection of items.
这些文件需要今天下午之前全部处理完，请大家抓紧时间。
These documents need to be processed completely before this afternoon, everyone please hurry.
Emphasizes the urgency and quantity of the task.
这些年来，我们见证了科技的飞速发展，生活方式也因此发生了巨大变化。
Over these years, we have witnessed the rapid development of technology, and lifestyles have undergone tremendous changes as a result.
Refers to a period of time and its impact.
这些困难虽然看起来很棘手，但只要我们齐心协力，就一定能克服。
Although these difficulties seem thorny, as long as we work together, we can definitely overcome them.
Acknowledges challenges but expresses confidence in collective effort.
这些信息都是绝密的，任何人都不得对外泄露。
These pieces of information are all top-secret, no one is allowed to disclose them externally.
Highlights the sensitive nature of the information.
这些政策的出台，旨在促进经济发展和改善民生。
The introduction of these policies aims to promote economic development and improve people's livelihoods.
Explains the purpose and impact of certain policies.
这些问题需要深入研究才能找到解决方案，不能草率决定。
These problems require in-depth research to find solutions; hasty decisions cannot be made.
Stresses the importance of thorough investigation for complex issues.
这些都是我个人的看法，不代表公司的官方立场。
These are all my personal opinions and do not represent the company's official stance.
Distinguishes personal views from official positions.
Astuces
Basic Usage of 这些
Simply put, 这些 means 'these'. It's used to refer to multiple items that are close to you or currently being discussed. Think of it as the plural form of 'this' (这).
Follows a similar pattern to 'this'
Just like 'this' (这) can be used alone or with a measure word and noun (e.g., 这个人 - this person), 这些 (these) can also be used similarly:
这些: These (alone)
这些人: These people (with measure word 个 and noun 人)
这些书: These books (with noun 书, measure word is often omitted for common objects after 这些)
No Measure Word Needed When It's Obvious
For many common nouns, especially when the context is clear, you can directly place the noun after 这些 without a measure word. For example, 这些书 (these books), 这些苹果 (these apples), 这些衣服 (these clothes).
Use with Classifier if Specificity is Needed
While often omitted, you can include a classifier (measure word) if you want to emphasize the count or specific type. For example, 这些本子书 (these copies of books) if you want to be precise about 'copies' of books. However, it's less common than just 这些书.
Contrast with 那些
Remember that 这些 (these) is for things nearby, while 那些 (nàxiē) means 'those', for things further away. Keep the proximity in mind.
Used for both people and objects
这些 can refer to both people (例如：这些人 - these people) and objects (例如：这些水果 - these fruits). It's a versatile pronoun.
Pronunciation Practice
Pay attention to the tones. '这' (zhè) is a falling tone (4th tone), and '些' (xiē) is a light tone. Practice saying them together: zhè xiē.
Sentence Structure Example 1
These are my books: 这些是我的书.
(zhè xiē shì wǒ de shū)
(These are my books)
Sentence Structure Example 2
I like these clothes: 我喜欢这些衣服.
(wǒ xǐ huān zhè xiē yī fú)
(I like these clothes)
Don't confuse with 几个 (jǐ ge)
While 几个 (a few) also refers to multiple items, it usually implies a small, indefinite number and often appears in questions. 这些 specifically means 'these' and refers to a definite group.
Teste-toi 90 questions
___ 是 我的 朋友。
To say 'These are my friends,' use '这些'.
我 喜欢 ___ 苹果。
To say 'I like these apples,' use '这些'.
___ 多少钱？
To ask 'How much are these (things)?' use '这些'.
___ 书 很 好。
To say 'These books are very good,' use '这些'.
我 想 买 ___ 衣服。
To say 'I want to buy these clothes,' use '这些'.
___ 菜 很 好吃。
To say 'These dishes are very delicious,' use '这些'.
Listen to the sentence and understand who the books belong to.
Listen and understand if someone likes the apples.
Listen and identify if the students are new.
Read this aloud:
这些是我的朋友。
Focus: zhè xiē
Tu as dit :
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Read this aloud:
这些衣服很漂亮。
Focus: piào liàng
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
我喜欢这些颜色。
Focus: yán sè
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Write a short sentence using '这些' to say 'These are my books.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这些是我的书。
Translate the sentence 'I want these apples.' into Chinese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我要这些苹果。
Form a simple question using '这些' asking 'Are these your friends?'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这些人是你的朋友吗？
What do '这些学生' like to do?
Read this passage:
这些学生很好。他们喜欢学习中文。他们每天都去图书馆。
What do '这些学生' like to do?
The passage says '他们喜欢学习中文。' (They like to study Chinese.)
The passage says '他们喜欢学习中文。' (They like to study Chinese.)
What is the problem with '这些衣服'?
Read this passage:
这些衣服很漂亮。我想买这些衣服。但是，它们很贵。
What is the problem with '这些衣服'?
The passage states '但是，它们很贵。' (But, they are very expensive.)
The passage states '但是，它们很贵。' (But, they are very expensive.)
What do the speaker and their friends like to do?
Read this passage:
这些电影很有趣。我和我的朋友喜欢看这些电影。你喜欢吗？
What do the speaker and their friends like to do?
The passage says '我和我的朋友喜欢看这些电影。' (My friends and I like to watch these movies.)
The passage says '我和我的朋友喜欢看这些电影。' (My friends and I like to watch these movies.)
The speaker is talking about books.
The speaker likes some fruit.
The speaker is describing students.
Read this aloud:
这些衣服很漂亮。
Focus: zhè xiē
Tu as dit :
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Read this aloud:
你喜欢这些电影吗？
Focus: xiē diàn yǐng
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
这些菜都很好吃。
Focus: cài dōu
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
You are at a market. Describe three things you like using '这些'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我喜欢这些水果。这些花很漂亮。这些衣服很便宜。
Your friend asks what you are holding. Respond by saying 'These are my pens.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这些是我的笔。
Complete the sentence: '___ 都是我的朋友.' (These are all my friends.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这些都是我的朋友。
What is mentioned as being expensive?
Read this passage:
商店里有很多东西。这些鞋子很漂亮，但是很贵。这些衣服很便宜，但是我不喜欢它们的颜色。这些书很有意思。
What is mentioned as being expensive?
The passage states '这些鞋子很漂亮，但是很贵。' which means 'These shoes are pretty, but very expensive.'
The passage states '这些鞋子很漂亮，但是很贵。' which means 'These shoes are pretty, but very expensive.'
What do '这些照片' (these photos) record?
Read this passage:
我有一些新的照片。这些照片是关于我的旅行。我去了很多地方，看到了很多漂亮的风景。这些照片记录了我的快乐时光。
What do '这些照片' (these photos) record?
The passage says '这些照片记录了我的快乐时光。' which translates to 'These photos record my happy times.'
The passage says '这些照片记录了我的快乐时光。' which translates to 'These photos record my happy times.'
What did the students have?
Read this passage:
在教室里，老师问学生：'你们有这些书吗？' 学生们回答：'我们有这些书。'
What did the students have?
The students replied '我们有这些书。' meaning 'We have these books.'
The students replied '我们有这些书。' meaning 'We have these books.'
The correct order is '这些' (these) followed by '是' (are) then '我的' (my) and finally '书' (books).
The correct order is '这些' (these) followed by '菜' (dishes) then '很' (very) and finally '好吃' (delicious).
The correct order is '这些' (these) followed by '学生' (students) then '是' (are) and finally '他们' (them).
The books are mine.
Do you like these movies?
The apples are fresh.
Read this aloud:
这些衣服很漂亮。
Focus: zhè xiē yī fú
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
我可以拿走这些吗？
Focus: ná zǒu zhè xiē
Tu as dit :
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Read this aloud:
这些问题有点难。
Focus: wèn tí yǒu diǎn nán
Tu as dit :
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公司计划在明年推出___新产品，它们将彻底改变市场。
“这些” (zhèxiē) 指代复数名词，在这里指代“新产品”。
我们讨论了许多复杂的议题，但___都需要进一步研究。
“这些” (zhèxiē) 用于指代前面提到的多个议题。
尽管面临___挑战，团队依然保持乐观，并努力寻找解决方案。
“这些” (zhèxiē) 指代复数的“挑战”。
在新的文化环境中，适应___不同的习俗需要时间和耐心。
“这些” (zhèxiē) 用于指代多个“不同的习俗”。
报告详细列举了___潜在的风险，管理层需要认真评估。
“这些” (zhèxiē) 指代复数的“潜在的风险”。
参观完画廊后，他对___艺术作品留下了深刻的印象。
“这些” (zhèxiē) 用于指代复数的“艺术作品”。
The speaker is talking about documents that need to be processed quickly.
The speaker is asking for an opinion on some suggestions.
The speaker is talking about problems that have been bothering them for a long time.
Read this aloud:
这些政策对我们有何影响？
Focus: zhè xiē zhèng cè duì wǒ men yǒu hé yǐng xiǎng?
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
请把这些东西都搬到会议室。
Focus: qǐng bǎ zhè xiē dōng xī dōu bān dào huì yì shì.
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
这些年来，我们见证了巨大的变化。
Focus: zhè xiē nián lái, wǒ men jiàn zhèng le jù dà de biàn huà.
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
You are planning a small gathering at your home. Write a short message to a friend inviting them and mentioning what food and drinks you will be providing. Use "这些" at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
嗨，李明！下周五晚上我想在我家办个小聚会，你来吗？我会准备一些小吃和饮料，这些都是我自己做的，希望你喜欢。大概七点开始。期待见到你！
You're at a market and trying to decide which fruits to buy. Write a short internal monologue expressing your thoughts about different options. Use "这些" at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
嗯，这些苹果看起来很新鲜，但是有点贵。旁边的香蕉倒是便宜，但好像不太熟。哎，我到底该买些什么呢？
You're leaving a comment on an online forum about a recently watched movie. Write a brief review, highlighting your favorite aspects. Use "这些" at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这部电影真的太棒了！剧情扣人心弦，演员的表演也深入人心。我特别喜欢其中的一些场景，这些都给我留下了深刻的印象。强烈推荐！
根据短文，张先生对医生的建议有什么看法？
Read this passage:
医生建议张先生多吃蔬菜和水果，少吃油腻的食物。他还提醒张先生每天坚持锻炼，保持心情愉快。张先生听了医生的话，觉得这些建议很有道理。
根据短文，张先生对医生的建议有什么看法？
短文最后一句明确指出“张先生听了医生的话，觉得这些建议很有道理”，所以正确答案是C。
短文最后一句明确指出“张先生听了医生的话，觉得这些建议很有道理”，所以正确答案是C。
小李为什么认为他的努力是必不可少的？
Read this passage:
小李最近正在为毕业论文发愁。他查阅了大量的资料，也请教了许多老师和同学。他知道要写好这篇论文，这些努力都是必不可少的。
小李为什么认为他的努力是必不可少的？
短文最后一句“他知道要写好这篇论文，这些努力都是必不可少的”直接说明了原因。
短文最后一句“他知道要写好这篇论文，这些努力都是必不可少的”直接说明了原因。
王阿姨认为参加老年大学的活动有哪些好处？
Read this passage:
王阿姨退休后，报名参加了老年大学的绘画班和太极拳班。她觉得学习新技能让她的生活更加充实，这些活动也让她结识了许多新朋友。
王阿姨认为参加老年大学的活动有哪些好处？
文章中提到“学习新技能让她的生活更加充实，这些活动也让她结识了许多新朋友”，所以选项B是正确的。
文章中提到“学习新技能让她的生活更加充实，这些活动也让她结识了许多新朋友”，所以选项B是正确的。
The correct order to form the sentence 'These are your documents' is '这些' (these) followed by '是' (are), then '你的' (your) and finally '文件' (documents).
The sentence means 'Please move these boxes downstairs.' The structure '请把...' (please take/move...) is followed by '这些盒子' (these boxes) and then '搬到楼下' (move downstairs).
This sentence translates to 'Before making a decision, please consider all these factors.' The temporal phrase '在做出决定前' (before making a decision) comes first, followed by '请考虑' (please consider), and then '所有这些因素' (all these factors).
Describe a recent challenging experience you faced, and how '这些' (these) specific difficulties impacted you, and what lessons you learned from '这些' (these) challenges.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我最近经历了一个项目失败的挑战。这些失败的经验让我深刻认识到团队协作的重要性，并且这些困难迫使我重新评估我的工作方法，最终我从这些挑战中学到了宝贵的经验，如何更好地应对未来的挫折。
Imagine you are giving a presentation on a complex topic. Use '这些' (these) to refer to a series of intricate points or data you are discussing, emphasizing their collective significance.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
今天，我们将深入探讨全球气候变化的最新数据。这些数据表明，极端天气事件的频率和强度都在增加。这些观点不仅是统计数字，更预示着我们必须采取紧急行动。这些复杂的相互关联的因素共同构成了我们面临的巨大挑战。
You are writing a critical review of a new policy. Use '这些' (these) to refer to a set of specific flaws or negative consequences you have identified within the policy, and explain their collective impact.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这项新政策存在诸多缺陷。这些缺陷包括缺乏透明度、对弱势群体考虑不周以及执行机制不明确。这些负面后果将直接影响社会公平和经济发展。鉴于这些问题，我们必须对其进行彻底的修改。
根据文章，哪些是给全球供应链带来挑战的“这些不确定性因素”？
Read this passage:
近些年来，全球经济形势复杂多变，各种不确定性因素层出不穷。这些不确定性因素，例如地缘政治冲突、贸易保护主义抬头以及科技竞争加剧，给全球供应链带来了前所未有的挑战。面对这些挑战，各国政府和企业都在积极寻求解决方案。
根据文章，哪些是给全球供应链带来挑战的“这些不确定性因素”？
文章中明确提到了“这些不确定性因素，例如地缘政治冲突、贸易保护主义抬头以及科技竞争加剧”。
文章中明确提到了“这些不确定性因素，例如地缘政治冲突、贸易保护主义抬头以及科技竞争加剧”。
文中强调，在推动教育改革的过程中，必须考虑到哪些因素才能取得实效？
Read this passage:
教育改革是一个长期而复杂的过程，它涉及到课程设置、教学方法、评估体系等多个方面。在推动这些改革的过程中，我们必须充分考虑到不同地区的实际情况和学生的个体差异。只有这样，这些改革才能真正落地生根，取得实效。
文中强调，在推动教育改革的过程中，必须考虑到哪些因素才能取得实效？
文章指出，“在推动这些改革的过程中，我们必须充分考虑到不同地区的实际情况和学生的个体差异。只有这样，这些改革才能真正落地生根，取得实效。”
文章指出，“在推动这些改革的过程中，我们必须充分考虑到不同地区的实际情况和学生的个体差异。只有这样，这些改革才能真正落地生根，取得实效。”
作者认为通过欣赏“这些艺术作品”可以获得哪些益处？
Read this passage:
艺术的魅力在于其多元性和包容性。无论是古典音乐、现代绘画，还是实验戏剧，这些不同的艺术形式都承载着人类丰富的情感和深邃的思想。通过欣赏这些艺术作品，我们能够拓宽视野，提升审美情趣，并从中获得精神上的慰藉和启迪。
作者认为通过欣赏“这些艺术作品”可以获得哪些益处？
文章提到，“通过欣赏这些艺术作品，我们能够拓宽视野，提升审美情趣，并从中获得精神上的慰藉和启迪。”
文章提到，“通过欣赏这些艺术作品，我们能够拓宽视野，提升审美情趣，并从中获得精神上的慰藉和启迪。”
在复杂的国际关系中，解决___错综的问题需要各方智慧与合作。
‘这些’表示不止一个或不止一类，用于指代此处特指的‘错综的问题’，符合语境。
面对___难以预测的市场波动，投资者需保持警惕，审慎决策。
‘这些’用于指代复数的‘难以预测的市场波动’，使语句完整且语义准确。
要深入理解一个国家的文化，必须细致考察___传统习俗与社会变迁。
‘这些’在此处指代复数的‘传统习俗与社会变迁’，是正确的搭配。
___理论模型虽然复杂，但为我们分析经济现象提供了宝贵的视角。
‘这些’是复数代词，与‘理论模型’形成恰当的指代关系。
为了应对气候变化，___新兴技术正被广泛应用于能源和环保领域。
‘这些’用于指代复数的‘新兴技术’，符合句子的语境和逻辑。
在文学创作中，如何巧妙地运用___修辞手法，是提升作品感染力的关键。
‘这些’在这里指代复数概念的‘修辞手法’，使句意完整。
Listen to the sentence about technological development over the years.
Listen to the sentence about problems needing careful consideration.
Listen to the sentence about artworks reflecting unique perspectives.
Read this aloud:
这些社会现象值得我们深入探讨其背后深层的原因。
Focus: 值得 (zhí de)
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
这些挑战虽然艰巨，但我们有信心能够克服。
Focus: 艰巨 (jiān jù)
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
这些文化遗产是全人类的宝贵财富，需要我们共同保护。
Focus: 遗产 (yí chǎn)
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
You are writing a formal report on the socio-economic impacts of a new urban development project. Discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks, using '这些' to refer to various aspects. Ensure your language is precise and objective.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这个城市发展项目将对当地社会经济产生深远影响。这些影响包括对居民生活质量的提升，创造新的就业机会，以及改善区域基础设施。然而，我们也必须考虑到这些潜在的负面效应，例如对现有社区结构的冲击和可能对环境造成的压力。
Imagine you are a literary critic analyzing a complex novel. Write a paragraph discussing several interwoven themes within the book. Use '这些' to refer to these themes, demonstrating a sophisticated understanding of their interplay.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这部小说通过多重叙事线索编织了错综复杂的主题。这些主题，诸如个体存在的困境、社会道德的沦丧以及历史记忆的重构，彼此交织，共同构建了一个宏大而深刻的艺术世界。读者需要仔细辨析这些象征意义，才能领悟作者真正的意图。
You are drafting a scientific paper on the latest breakthroughs in biotechnology. Describe a series of recent experimental results, emphasizing their collective significance. Use '这些' to refer to the results, maintaining a formal and technical tone.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
最近的生物技术实验取得了显著进展。这些实验数据清晰地揭示了新的分子机制，为我们理解疾病发生发展提供了关键线索。这些发现不仅具有理论意义，也为未来的临床应用奠定了坚实基础。
根据这段文字，文化交流带来的“这些问题”主要指的是什么？
Read this passage:
在全球化背景下，不同文化之间的交流日益频繁。这些交流既带来了机遇，也带来了挑战。如何在这种复杂环境中保持文化独特性，同时又促进相互理解，是当前面临的重要课题。处理好这些问题，对于构建和谐的国际社会至关重要。
根据这段文字，文化交流带来的“这些问题”主要指的是什么？
原文明确指出“如何在这种复杂环境中保持文化独特性，同时又促进相互理解，是当前面临的重要课题”，紧接着提到“处理好这些问题”，因此“这些问题”指的就是文化独特性与相互理解的平衡。
原文明确指出“如何在这种复杂环境中保持文化独特性，同时又促进相互理解，是当前面临的重要课题”，紧接着提到“处理好这些问题”，因此“这些问题”指的就是文化独特性与相互理解的平衡。
文中提及的“这些挑战”不包括下列哪项？
Read this passage:
气候变化是人类社会面临的最严峻挑战之一。它导致了极端天气事件频发、海平面上升和生物多样性丧失。应对这些挑战需要全球范围内的共同努力和政策创新。忽视这些问题将对子孙后代造成不可逆转的损害。
文中提及的“这些挑战”不包括下列哪项？
文章中明确列出了气候变化导致的“极端天气事件频发、海平面上升和生物多样性丧失”为挑战，但并未提及“人口老龄化加剧”。
文章中明确列出了气候变化导致的“极端天气事件频发、海平面上升和生物多样性丧失”为挑战，但并未提及“人口老龄化加剧”。
根据上述段落，解决“这些问题”需要哪些领域的专家参与？
Read this passage:
一项关于人工智能伦理的研究表明，随着AI技术的广泛应用，一系列新的道德困境随之产生。这些困境涉及隐私保护、算法偏见以及责任归属等多个方面。解决这些问题，要求法律、哲学和社会科学等多领域专家的通力合作。
根据上述段落，解决“这些问题”需要哪些领域的专家参与？
文章最后一句明确指出：“解决这些问题，要求法律、哲学和社会科学等多领域专家的通力合作。”
文章最后一句明确指出：“解决这些问题，要求法律、哲学和社会科学等多领域专家的通力合作。”
/ 90 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
"这些" is a basic but essential pronoun for referring to multiple items or people around you.
- "这些" means "these."
- It's used for plural things or people nearby.
- Often precedes a noun or is used alone.
Basic Usage of 这些
Simply put, 这些 means 'these'. It's used to refer to multiple items that are close to you or currently being discussed. Think of it as the plural form of 'this' (这).
Follows a similar pattern to 'this'
Just like 'this' (这) can be used alone or with a measure word and noun (e.g., 这个人 - this person), 这些 (these) can also be used similarly:
这些: These (alone)
这些人: These people (with measure word 个 and noun 人)
这些书: These books (with noun 书, measure word is often omitted for common objects after 这些)
No Measure Word Needed When It's Obvious
For many common nouns, especially when the context is clear, you can directly place the noun after 这些 without a measure word. For example, 这些书 (these books), 这些苹果 (these apples), 这些衣服 (these clothes).
Use with Classifier if Specificity is Needed
While often omitted, you can include a classifier (measure word) if you want to emphasize the count or specific type. For example, 这些本子书 (these copies of books) if you want to be precise about 'copies' of books. However, it's less common than just 这些书.
Exemple
这些书都是我的。
Contenu associé
Ce mot dans d'autres langues
Plus de mots sur general
一下儿
A1a bit, a moment
点儿
A1a little bit
有点儿
A1a little, somewhat (negative connotation)
一下
A2A bit; a moment (used after a verb).
一点儿
A1a little, a bit
一会儿
A1a moment, a while
一部分
B1part; portion; minority
异样
B1different; unusual; strange
关于
A1about, concerning
快要
A2to be about to (happen)
