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A1 adjective तटस्थ 3 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

oud

/ʌut/
इसका अभ्यास करें

Overview

The Dutch word 'oud' is a versatile adjective meaning 'old'. Its usage, like in many languages, extends beyond just age to include concepts like former, ancient, or even something that's been around for a long time. Here's a breakdown of its nuances:

**Basic Meaning and Usage:**

  • Age of people, animals, and things: This is the most straightforward use. For example, 'een oude man' (an old man), 'een oud huis' (an old house), 'mijn hond is oud' (my dog is old).
  • Comparing age: You can use 'ouder' (older) and 'oudst' (oldest). 'Hij is ouder dan ik' (He is older than I am), 'Zij is de oudste van de familie' (She is the oldest in the family).

**Figurative and Extended Meanings:**

  • Former/Previous: 'Mijn oude school' (my old/former school), 'zijn oude baas' (his old/former boss). In this context, it implies something that once was but is no longer. While 'voormalig' also means former, 'oud' is often used more colloquially.
  • Ancient/Historic: When referring to historical periods or artifacts, 'oud' can mean ancient. 'Oude beschavingen' (ancient civilizations), 'een oud kasteel' (an ancient castle).
  • Worn out/Used: Sometimes 'oud' can imply something is worn out or has seen a lot of use. 'De schoenen zijn oud' (The shoes are old/worn out). However, for very worn out, 'versleten' is more common.
  • Familiar/Well-known: In certain contexts, 'oud' can imply familiarity or something that has been known for a long time. 'Een oude bekende' (an old acquaintance).
  • Traditional/Classic: 'Oude recepten' (old/traditional recipes), 'oude muziek' (classical/old music).

**Grammatical Considerations:**

  • Inflection: Like most Dutch adjectives, 'oud' inflects. In attributive positions (before a noun), it usually takes an '-e' ending unless the noun is neuter and indefinite ('een oud huis'). When it's predicative (after a linking verb like 'zijn'), it doesn't inflect ('Het huis is oud').
  • 'De oude auto' (the old car - common gender, definite)
  • 'Een oude fiets' (an old bicycle - common gender, indefinite)
  • 'Het oude boek' (the old book - neuter gender, definite)
  • 'Een oud boek' (an old book - neuter gender, indefinite)

* **Comparatives and Superlatives:**

  • Comparative: 'ouder' (older) - 'De auto is ouder dan de fiets.'
  • Superlative: 'oudst' (oldest) - 'Dat is de oudste auto.' (That is the oldest car.)

**Common Expressions with 'oud':**

  • 'Zo oud als de weg naar Rome': As old as the hills (literally, 'as old as the road to Rome').
  • 'De goede oude tijd': The good old days.
  • 'Op je oude dag': In your old age.
  • 'Oud en nieuw': New Year's Eve (literally, 'old and new').

Understanding 'oud' requires attention to context, as its exact meaning can shift subtly. However, its core meaning of 'old' remains consistent, with various extensions and nuances in usage.

उदाहरण

1

De oude man liep langzaam.

Referring to age.

The old man walked slowly.

2

Dat is een oud verhaal.

Referring to something that has existed for a long time.

That is an old story.

3

Hoe oud ben je?

Asking about someone's age.

How old are you?

4

Mijn auto is te oud.

Referring to something that is past its prime or in disrepair due to age.

My car is too old.

5

Ze woont in een oud huis.

Referring to the age of a building.

She lives in an old house.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

oud brood
oud nieuws
oude kleren
oude man

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

oud बनाम oud
many
oud बनाम ouw
one letter

व्याकरण पैटर्न

een oude man het oude huis oude kleren

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

इस्तेमाल की जानकारी

The primary use of 'oud' is to describe something that has existed for a long time or is of advanced age. It can be applied to animate and inanimate objects, as well as abstract concepts. For example: 'een oude man' (an old man), 'een oude auto' (an old car), 'een oud gebruik' (an old custom). When comparing ages, 'ouder' (older) and 'oudst' (oldest) are used, following regular Dutch adjective declension. It's important to note that when referring to a person's age, you would typically say 'Hij is X jaar oud' (He is X years old), not just 'Hij is oud' if you want to specify the number of years. 'Oud' can also form part of compound words, such as 'oudjaarsavond' (New Year's Eve) or 'oudpapier' (waste paper). The pronunciation is similar to the 'ow' in 'cow' followed by a 't' sound, though the 'd' at the end of a word in Dutch is often devoiced to a 't' sound, so it can sound like 'out'. Pay attention to agreement with nouns, as 'oud' will change to 'oude' when preceding a common singular noun or any plural noun (e.g., 'de oude man', 'de oude huizen').

सुझाव

💡

Use 'oud' when referring to age of people and things.

For example, 'een oude man' (an old man) or 'een oud huis' (an old house).
💡

Do not use 'oud' for newness or freshness of food.

Instead, use 'vers' (fresh) or 'bedorven' (spoiled) for food that is no longer good. For example, 'vers brood' (fresh bread) or 'bedorven melk' (spoiled milk).
💡

Context is key for 'oud' in Dutch.

While 'oud' generally means old, in some contexts it can also mean 'former' or 'previous', like 'mijn oude school' (my old/former school).

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

From Middle Dutch 'out', from Old Dutch '*ald*', from Proto-Germanic '*aldaz*' (old, grown up), from Proto-Indo-European '*h₂eltós*' (grown, nourished). Cognate with Old English 'eald' (English 'old'), Old Frisian 'ald', Old Saxon 'ald', Old High German 'alt' (German 'alt'), Old Norse 'aldinn'. The Proto-Indo-European root is also found in Latin 'alere' (to nourish), Gothic 'alan' (to grow up), and Ancient Greek 'aldainein' (to make grow).

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

The Dutch word 'oud' directly translates to 'old' in English and is a very common adjective. Its cultural connotations largely mirror those in English, referring to age in people, objects, and concepts. When describing people, 'oud' can be used respectfully, as in 'oudere mensen' (elderly people), implying wisdom and experience. However, like in English, it can also be used neutrally or even with a slightly negative connotation if referring to something being outdated or worn. In Dutch culture, there's generally a high regard for history and tradition, so 'oud' can often carry a positive weight when referring to historical buildings, customs, or cherished family heirlooms. For instance, an 'oud huis' (old house) might be seen as charming and full of character, rather than just dilapidated. The concept of 'oud en nieuw' (old and new) is often used to discuss transitions and progress, especially around New Year's Eve, where it signifies the ending of one year and the beginning of another.

याद रखने का तरीका

The Dutch word 'oud' sounds like 'old' in English, making it easy to remember. Think of an 'old' owl, which can be 'oud'.

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

4 सवाल
The primary meaning of 'oud' in Dutch is 'old'. It is a common adjective used to describe things, people, or concepts that have existed for a long time, are of advanced age, or are no longer new. For example, 'een oud huis' means 'an old house', and 'een oude man' means 'an old man'. It's a versatile word that applies to various contexts where age or a lack of newness is the distinguishing characteristic.
Yes, 'oud' can definitely be used to describe the age of both people and objects. When referring to people, it signifies advanced years, such as in 'mijn grootmoeder is erg oud' (my grandmother is very old). For objects, it indicates that something has been around for a significant period, like 'deze auto is al tien jaar oud' (this car is already ten years old). The context usually clarifies whether it refers to a person or an inanimate object.
Absolutely, there are several common phrases and expressions that use 'oud'. For instance, 'van oudsher' translates to 'traditionally' or 'from ancient times', indicating something that has been done or believed for a very long time. Another one is 'het is een oud verhaal', meaning 'it's an old story' or 'it's a familiar tale', often used when something is not new or surprising. 'Oud en nieuw' refers to New Year's Eve, literally 'old and new'.
Beyond its primary meaning of 'old', 'oud' can also carry some nuanced or less common meanings depending on the context. It can sometimes mean 'former' or 'previous', as in 'mijn oude leraar' (my former teacher). In certain expressions, it can imply a sense of familiarity or tradition rather than just age. For example, 'goede oude tijden' means 'good old times', evoking nostalgia. It can also refer to something being worn out or used, but this is closely related to its primary meaning of age.

खुद को परखो

fill blank

Het huis is erg ___.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
fill blank

Mijn opa is een ___ man van 80 jaar.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
fill blank

Ze heeft een ___ jas gekocht in de kringloopwinkel.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:

स्कोर: /3

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