A0 · शून्य बिंदु चैप्टर 3

Meeting the Nouns

4 कुल नियम
40 उदाहरण
1 मिनट
इस अध्याय के नियम त्वरित अभ्यास

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the building blocks of Russian by mastering noun gender, animacy, and basic plurals.

  • Categorize nouns into masculine, feminine, and neuter genders.
  • Distinguish between living people and inanimate objects.
  • Form simple plurals to describe the world around you.
Mastering the identity of every Russian object.

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Introduction to basic noun gender and the concept of animate vs inanimate. Building a foundational vocabulary of common objects.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: correctly identify the gender of common household objects.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: use 'Это' to introduce people and things.

मुख्य उदाहरण (8)

1

Этот телефон очень старый.

This phone is very old.

रूसी संज्ञा लिंग: वह, वह, या यह?
2

Моя пицца холодная.

My pizza is cold.

रूसी संज्ञा लिंग: वह, वह, या यह?
3

Я вижу `друга`.

I see a friend.

सजीव बनाम निर्जीव संज्ञाएं (Animacy)
4

Я вижу `телефон`.

I see a phone.

सजीव बनाम निर्जीव संज्ञाएं (Animacy)
5

Мои друзья сейчас в кино.

My friends are at the cinema now.

रूसी बहुवचन: एक से अधिक (-ы, -и)
6

Я люблю эти фотографии!

I love these photos!

रूसी बहुवचन: एक से अधिक (-ы, -и)
7

Это мой телефон.

This is my phone.

रूसी 'यह है': जादुई शब्द 'Это' (Eto)
8

Это Москва.

This is Moscow.

रूसी 'यह है': जादुई शब्द 'Это' (Eto)

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)

💡

The Soft Sign Rule

If a word ends in 'ь', look it up immediately. Don't guess. Write it down with 'он' (he) or 'она' (she) to remember.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रूसी संज्ञा लिंग: वह, वह, या यह?
🎯

The Face Rule

If it has eyes and a mouth (like a doll or a chess king), Russian usually treats it as animate, even if it's plastic!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सजीव बनाम निर्जीव संज्ञाएं (Animacy)
💡

The 'Stomach Kick' Mnemonic

To remember the sound of -ы, imagine someone just kicked you in the stomach. That 'ugh' sound is exactly what -ы sounds like. It's the 'hard' plural.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रूसी बहुवचन: एक से अधिक (-ы, -и)
💡

The Finger Rule

If you can physically point your finger at it while saying it, you should probably use 'Это'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रूसी 'यह है': जादुई शब्द 'Это' (Eto)

मुख्य शब्दावली (5)

стол table (masc) книга book (fem) окно window (neut) друг friend (animate) это this is

Real-World Preview

book-open

At the Library

Review Summary

  • M: cons, F: -а/-я, N: -о/-е
  • Это + Noun

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Nouns ending in -а are feminine. Remember the -а rule.

Wrong: Это книга (masculine)
सही: Это книга (feminine)

Tables cannot be animate. Only living creatures are animate.

Wrong: Это столы (animate)
सही: Это столы (inanimate)

You don't need the verb 'to be' in Russian present tense.

Wrong: Это есть книга
सही: Это книга

Next Steps

You've mastered the foundation. Keep going, the language is opening up to you!

Label your furniture with sticky notes

Continue to: Everyday Actions — Your First Verbs

त्वरित अभ्यास (10)

Fill in the correct question word (Кто or Что)

___ это? Это мой брат (my brother).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кто
We use 'Кто' (Who) for people and animate beings.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सजीव बनाम निर्जीव संज्ञाएं (Animacy)

Which sentence correctly asks 'Is this a taxi?'

Choose the correct question:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Это такси?
Russian doesn't use the verb 'is' in this context, and 'Это' is the correct pronoun for identification.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रूसी 'यह है': जादुई शब्द 'Это' (Eto)

Find the mistake

Find and fix the mistake:

Russian biology: Is a 'flower' (цветок) animate?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No, it is inanimate.
Grammatically, plants are inanimate in Russian.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सजीव बनाम निर्जीव संज्ञाएं (Animacy)

Change the word in brackets to its plural form.

У меня есть новые (билет) ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: билеты
Билет is masculine and ends in a hard consonant, so we add -ы.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रूसी बहुवचन: एक से अधिक (-ы, -и)

Which word is animate?

Choose the animate noun from the list:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: собака (dog)
Animals are always animate. Trees and tables are inanimate.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सजीव बनाम निर्जीव संज्ञाएं (Animacy)

Find the mistake in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Мой пицца вкусная.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Моя пицца вкусная.
'Пицца' is feminine, so 'my' must be 'моя'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रूसी संज्ञा लिंग: वह, वह, या यह?

What is the gender of the word 'студент' (student)?

Choose the correct gender for 'студент':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Masculine
It ends in the consonant 'т', which makes it masculine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रूसी संज्ञा लिंग: वह, वह, या यह?

Find the mistake and choose the correct plural form.

Find and fix the mistake:

В этом районе есть красивые паркы.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: парки
Because of the 'Sensitive Seven' rule, 'к' must be followed by 'и', not 'ы'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रूसी बहुवचन: एक से अधिक (-ы, -и)

Find and fix the mistake in the sentence: 'Эта мой друг.'

Find and fix the mistake:

Эта мой друг.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Это мой друг.
Even if 'друг' (friend) is masculine, the phrase 'This is...' always uses the neutral form 'Это'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रूसी 'यह है': जादुई शब्द 'Это' (Eto)

Identify the gender of 'окно' (window).

The word 'окно' is ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Neuter
Words ending in 'о' are neuter.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रूसी संज्ञा लिंग: वह, वह, या यह?

Score: /10

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

It determines how adjectives and verbs behave. If you get the gender wrong, your whole sentence will sound slightly 'off' to a native speaker.
It is for nouns that aren't masculine or feminine. They usually end in -о or -е, like 'окно' (window) or 'поле' (field).
Yes! A ghost (привидение) or a dead person (покойник) is considered animate because they represent a human being.
Yes, all insects like муха (fly) or паук (spider) are animate. You ask 'Кто это?' (Who is this?) about them.
Look at the ending! Consonants are usually masculine, -а/-я are feminine, and -о/-е are neuter. If it ends in a soft sign (-ь), you just have to memorize the gender.
It often shifts! For example, 'рукА' (hand) becomes 'рУки' (hands). There isn't a single rule for this, so listen to native speakers or check a dictionary.
पिछला अध्याय
Me, Myself & I — Talking About You
अगला अध्याय
Everyday Actions — Your First Verbs
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