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Meeting the Nouns

4 총 규칙
40 예문
1 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the building blocks of Russian by mastering noun gender, animacy, and basic plurals.

  • Categorize nouns into masculine, feminine, and neuter genders.
  • Distinguish between living people and inanimate objects.
  • Form simple plurals to describe the world around you.
Mastering the identity of every Russian object.

배울 내용

Introduction to basic noun gender and the concept of animate vs inanimate. Building a foundational vocabulary of common objects.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: correctly identify the gender of common household objects.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: use 'Это' to introduce people and things.

주요 예문 (8)

1

Этот телефон очень старый.

This phone is very old.

러시아어 명사 성별: 남성, 여성, 혹은 중성?
2

Моя пицца холодная.

My pizza is cold.

러시아어 명사 성별: 남성, 여성, 혹은 중성?
3

Я вижу `друга`.

I see a friend.

활동체 vs 불활동체 (Animacy)
4

Я вижу `телефон`.

I see a phone.

활동체 vs 불활동체 (Animacy)
5

Мои друзья сейчас в кино.

My friends are at the cinema now.

러시아어 복수형: 둘 이상 (-ы, -и)
6

Я люблю эти фотографии!

I love these photos!

러시아어 복수형: 둘 이상 (-ы, -и)
7

Это мой телефон.

This is my phone.

러시아어 '이것은 ~이다': 마법의 단어 'Это' (Eto)
8

Это Москва.

This is Moscow.

러시아어 '이것은 ~이다': 마법의 단어 'Это' (Eto)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

The Soft Sign Rule

If a word ends in 'ь', look it up immediately. Don't guess. Write it down with 'он' (he) or 'она' (she) to remember.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 러시아어 명사 성별: 남성, 여성, 혹은 중성?
🎯

The Face Rule

If it has eyes and a mouth (like a doll or a chess king), Russian usually treats it as animate, even if it's plastic!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 활동체 vs 불활동체 (Animacy)
💡

The 'Stomach Kick' Mnemonic

To remember the sound of -ы, imagine someone just kicked you in the stomach. That 'ugh' sound is exactly what -ы sounds like. It's the 'hard' plural.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 러시아어 복수형: 둘 이상 (-ы, -и)
💡

The Finger Rule

If you can physically point your finger at it while saying it, you should probably use 'Это'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 러시아어 '이것은 ~이다': 마법의 단어 'Это' (Eto)

핵심 어휘 (5)

стол table (masc) книга book (fem) окно window (neut) друг friend (animate) это this is

Real-World Preview

book-open

At the Library

Review Summary

  • M: cons, F: -а/-я, N: -о/-е
  • Это + Noun

자주 하는 실수

Nouns ending in -а are feminine. Remember the -а rule.

Wrong: Это книга (masculine)
정답: Это книга (feminine)

Tables cannot be animate. Only living creatures are animate.

Wrong: Это столы (animate)
정답: Это столы (inanimate)

You don't need the verb 'to be' in Russian present tense.

Wrong: Это есть книга
정답: Это книга

Next Steps

You've mastered the foundation. Keep going, the language is opening up to you!

Label your furniture with sticky notes

Continue to: Everyday Actions — Your First Verbs

빠른 연습 (10)

Find the mistake

Find and fix the mistake:

Russian biology: Is a 'flower' (цветок) animate?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No, it is inanimate.
Grammatically, plants are inanimate in Russian.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 활동체 vs 불활동체 (Animacy)

Which is the correct plural of 'окно' (window)?

Выберите правильную форму:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: окна
Neuter nouns ending in -о change to -а in the plural.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 러시아어 복수형: 둘 이상 (-ы, -и)

Fill in the correct question word (Кто or Что)

___ это? Это мой брат (my brother).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кто
We use 'Кто' (Who) for people and animate beings.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 활동체 vs 불활동체 (Animacy)

Which word is animate?

Choose the animate noun from the list:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: собака (dog)
Animals are always animate. Trees and tables are inanimate.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 활동체 vs 불활동체 (Animacy)

Identify the gender of 'окно' (window).

The word 'окно' is ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Neuter
Words ending in 'о' are neuter.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 러시아어 명사 성별: 남성, 여성, 혹은 중성?

Find the mistake in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Мой пицца вкусная.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Моя пицца вкусная.
'Пицца' is feminine, so 'my' must be 'моя'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 러시아어 명사 성별: 남성, 여성, 혹은 중성?

Find the mistake and choose the correct plural form.

Find and fix the mistake:

В этом районе есть красивые паркы.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: парки
Because of the 'Sensitive Seven' rule, 'к' must be followed by 'и', not 'ы'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 러시아어 복수형: 둘 이상 (-ы, -и)

Find and fix the mistake in the sentence: 'Эта мой друг.'

Find and fix the mistake:

Эта мой друг.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Это мой друг.
Even if 'друг' (friend) is masculine, the phrase 'This is...' always uses the neutral form 'Это'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 러시아어 '이것은 ~이다': 마법의 단어 'Это' (Eto)

Change the word in brackets to its plural form.

У меня есть новые (билет) ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: билеты
Билет is masculine and ends in a hard consonant, so we add -ы.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 러시아어 복수형: 둘 이상 (-ы, -и)

Fill in the blank to say 'This is a cat.'

___ кот.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Это
When identifying something ('This is...'), we always use the fixed form 'Это'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 러시아어 '이것은 ~이다': 마법의 단어 'Это' (Eto)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

It determines how adjectives and verbs behave. If you get the gender wrong, your whole sentence will sound slightly 'off' to a native speaker.
It is for nouns that aren't masculine or feminine. They usually end in -о or -е, like 'окно' (window) or 'поле' (field).
Yes! A ghost (привидение) or a dead person (покойник) is considered animate because they represent a human being.
Yes, all insects like муха (fly) or паук (spider) are animate. You ask 'Кто это?' (Who is this?) about them.
Look at the ending! Consonants are usually masculine, -а/-я are feminine, and -о/-е are neuter. If it ends in a soft sign (-ь), you just have to memorize the gender.
It often shifts! For example, 'рукА' (hand) becomes 'рУки' (hands). There isn't a single rule for this, so listen to native speakers or check a dictionary.
이전 챕터
Me, Myself & I — Talking About You
다음 챕터
Everyday Actions — Your First Verbs
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