A0 · نقطه صفر فصل 3

Meeting the Nouns

4 مجموع قواعد
40 مثال‌ها
1 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the building blocks of Russian by mastering noun gender, animacy, and basic plurals.

  • Categorize nouns into masculine, feminine, and neuter genders.
  • Distinguish between living people and inanimate objects.
  • Form simple plurals to describe the world around you.
Mastering the identity of every Russian object.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Introduction to basic noun gender and the concept of animate vs inanimate. Building a foundational vocabulary of common objects.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: correctly identify the gender of common household objects.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: use 'Это' to introduce people and things.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

Этот телефон очень старый.

This phone is very old.

جنسیت اسم در روسی: مذکر، مونث یا خنثی؟
2

Моя пицца холодная.

My pizza is cold.

جنسیت اسم در روسی: مذکر، مونث یا خنثی؟
3

Я вижу `друга`.

I see a friend.

اسم‌های جاندار در مقابل بی‌جان (Animacy)
4

Я вижу `телефон`.

I see a phone.

اسم‌های جاندار در مقابل بی‌جان (Animacy)
5

Мои друзья сейчас в кино.

My friends are at the cinema now.

جمع در زبان روسی (-ы, -и)
6

Я люблю эти фотографии!

I love these photos!

جمع در زبان روسی (-ы, -и)
7

Это мой телефон.

This is my phone.

عبارت 'این است' در روسی: کلمه جادویی 'Это' (Eto)
8

Это Москва.

This is Moscow.

عبارت 'این است' در روسی: کلمه جادویی 'Это' (Eto)

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

The Soft Sign Rule

If a word ends in 'ь', look it up immediately. Don't guess. Write it down with 'он' (he) or 'она' (she) to remember.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: جنسیت اسم در روسی: مذکر، مونث یا خنثی؟
🎯

The Face Rule

If it has eyes and a mouth (like a doll or a chess king), Russian usually treats it as animate, even if it's plastic!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اسم‌های جاندار در مقابل بی‌جان (Animacy)
💡

The 'Stomach Kick' Mnemonic

To remember the sound of -ы, imagine someone just kicked you in the stomach. That 'ugh' sound is exactly what -ы sounds like. It's the 'hard' plural.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: جمع در زبان روسی (-ы, -и)
💡

The Finger Rule

If you can physically point your finger at it while saying it, you should probably use 'Это'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: عبارت 'این است' در روسی: کلمه جادویی 'Это' (Eto)

واژگان کلیدی (5)

стол table (masc) книга book (fem) окно window (neut) друг friend (animate) это this is

Real-World Preview

book-open

At the Library

Review Summary

  • M: cons, F: -а/-я, N: -о/-е
  • Это + Noun

اشتباهات رایج

Nouns ending in -а are feminine. Remember the -а rule.

Wrong: Это книга (masculine)
صحیح: Это книга (feminine)

Tables cannot be animate. Only living creatures are animate.

Wrong: Это столы (animate)
صحیح: Это столы (inanimate)

You don't need the verb 'to be' in Russian present tense.

Wrong: Это есть книга
صحیح: Это книга

Next Steps

You've mastered the foundation. Keep going, the language is opening up to you!

Label your furniture with sticky notes

Continue to: Everyday Actions — Your First Verbs

تمرین سریع (10)

Fill in the blank to say 'This is a cat.'

___ кот.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Это
When identifying something ('This is...'), we always use the fixed form 'Это'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: عبارت 'این است' در روسی: کلمه جادویی 'Это' (Eto)

Find the mistake

Find and fix the mistake:

Russian biology: Is a 'flower' (цветок) animate?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No, it is inanimate.
Grammatically, plants are inanimate in Russian.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اسم‌های جاندار در مقابل بی‌جان (Animacy)

Which sentence correctly asks 'Is this a taxi?'

Choose the correct question:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Это такси?
Russian doesn't use the verb 'is' in this context, and 'Это' is the correct pronoun for identification.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: عبارت 'این است' در روسی: کلمه جادویی 'Это' (Eto)

Change the word in brackets to its plural form.

У меня есть новые (билет) ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: билеты
Билет is masculine and ends in a hard consonant, so we add -ы.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: جمع در زبان روسی (-ы, -и)

Find the mistake and choose the correct plural form.

Find and fix the mistake:

В этом районе есть красивые паркы.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: парки
Because of the 'Sensitive Seven' rule, 'к' must be followed by 'и', not 'ы'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: جمع در زبان روسی (-ы, -и)

Which is the correct plural of 'окно' (window)?

Выберите правильную форму:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: окна
Neuter nouns ending in -о change to -а in the plural.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: جمع در زبان روسی (-ы, -и)

Find the mistake in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Мой пицца вкусная.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Моя пицца вкусная.
'Пицца' is feminine, so 'my' must be 'моя'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: جنسیت اسم در روسی: مذکر، مونث یا خنثی؟

What is the gender of the word 'студент' (student)?

Choose the correct gender for 'студент':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Masculine
It ends in the consonant 'т', which makes it masculine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: جنسیت اسم در روسی: مذکر، مونث یا خنثی؟

Identify the gender of 'окно' (window).

The word 'окно' is ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Neuter
Words ending in 'о' are neuter.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: جنسیت اسم در روسی: مذکر، مونث یا خنثی؟

Find and fix the mistake in the sentence: 'Эта мой друг.'

Find and fix the mistake:

Эта мой друг.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Это мой друг.
Even if 'друг' (friend) is masculine, the phrase 'This is...' always uses the neutral form 'Это'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: عبارت 'این است' در روسی: کلمه جادویی 'Это' (Eto)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

It determines how adjectives and verbs behave. If you get the gender wrong, your whole sentence will sound slightly 'off' to a native speaker.
It is for nouns that aren't masculine or feminine. They usually end in -о or -е, like 'окно' (window) or 'поле' (field).
Yes! A ghost (привидение) or a dead person (покойник) is considered animate because they represent a human being.
Yes, all insects like муха (fly) or паук (spider) are animate. You ask 'Кто это?' (Who is this?) about them.
Look at the ending! Consonants are usually masculine, -а/-я are feminine, and -о/-е are neuter. If it ends in a soft sign (-ь), you just have to memorize the gender.
It often shifts! For example, 'рукА' (hand) becomes 'рУки' (hands). There isn't a single rule for this, so listen to native speakers or check a dictionary.
فصل قبلی
Me, Myself & I — Talking About You
فصل بعدی
Everyday Actions — Your First Verbs
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