When we talk about people in a company or organization, 下属 (xiàshǔ) refers to someone who is in a lower position or rank compared to someone else. They report to a superior. Think of it like a 'subordinate' in English.
For example, a manager has several 下属 working under them. It's a very common term in professional settings in China.
When we talk about "下属" (xiàshǔ), we're referring to someone who is in a subordinate position within an organization or hierarchy. Think of it as an employee who reports to a manager or a junior staff member reporting to a senior one. It's a formal term often used in business or official contexts. Understanding this term helps you describe workplace relationships and structures in Chinese.
उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका
- Many learners might mispronounce the 'xià' as 'shya' instead of the correct 'ɕi̯ɑ˥˩'. The 'x' sound is like the 'sh' in 'sheep' but with the tongue pressed against the front of the mouth. The 'a' sound is similar to the 'a' in 'father'.
- For 'shǔ', ensure the 'sh' is a retroflex sound (tongue curled back) and the 'u' is like the 'oo' in 'moon'.
ज़रूरी व्याकरण
下属 (xiàshǔ) can be used to refer to an individual subordinate or a group of subordinates. There's no need to add a plural marker.
我的下属 (wǒ de xiàshǔ) - my subordinate/my subordinates
It's typically used in formal or professional contexts. For more casual settings, you might use other terms like 跟着我的人 (gēnzhe wǒ de rén) - people who follow me.
公司里的下属 (gōngsī lǐ de xiàshǔ) - subordinates in the company
下属 can often be preceded by possessive pronouns (my, your, his/her) to specify whose subordinate they are.
他的下属 (tā de xiàshǔ) - his subordinate
It can be used as a subject or an object in a sentence.
下属完成了任务 (xiàshǔ wánchéng le rènwù) - The subordinate completed the task. (Subject) 他很信任他的下属 (tā hěn xìnrèn tā de xiàshǔ) - He trusts his subordinates very much. (Object)
下属 often appears with verbs related to management, work, or instruction.
管理下属 (guǎnlǐ xiàshǔ) - manage subordinates 指导下属 (zhǐdǎo xiàshǔ) - guide subordinates
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
他是我的下属。
He is my subordinate.
Simple declarative sentence.
她有很多下属。
She has many subordinates.
Using 'many' (很多) with a noun.
我的下属很努力。
My subordinates are very hardworking.
Using an adjective to describe subordinates.
他不是我的下属。
He is not my subordinate.
Negative sentence with '不是'.
请和你的下属一起工作。
Please work together with your subordinates.
Imperative sentence with '请' and '一起'.
他的下属在哪里？
Where are his subordinates?
Question using '在哪里'.
我们有三个下属。
We have three subordinates.
Counting with measure words (个).
她很关心她的下属。
She cares a lot about her subordinates.
Using '很关心' to express care.
我的下属都很努力。
My subordinates are all very hardworking.
的 (de) is a possessive particle. 都 (dōu) means 'all'.
他对我很好，不像一些老板对待下属那样。
He is very good to me, not like some bosses treat their subordinates.
对...好 (duì...hǎo) means 'be good to someone'. 像 (xiàng) means 'like'.
作为领导，你应该关心你的下属。
As a leader, you should care about your subordinates.
作为 (zuòwéi) means 'as'. 应该 (yīnggāi) means 'should'.
他是一个非常受下属尊敬的经理。
He is a manager who is very respected by his subordinates.
受...尊敬 (shòu...zūnjìng) means 'be respected by someone'.
我需要和我的下属开个会。
I need to have a meeting with my subordinates.
需要 (xūyào) means 'need'. 开会 (kāihuì) means 'to have a meeting'.
他总是把下属的工作安排得井井有条。
He always arranges his subordinates' work in a very organized way.
总是 (zǒngshì) means 'always'. 井井有条 (jǐngjǐngyǒutiáo) means 'well-organized'.
这位新来的下属很有潜力。
This new subordinate has a lot of potential.
新来的 (xīnláide) means 'newly arrived'. 有潜力 (yǒuqianlì) means 'to have potential'.
老板和下属之间需要良好的沟通。
There needs to be good communication between bosses and subordinates.
之间 (zhījiān) means 'between'. 沟通 (gōutōng) means 'communication'.
我的下属都很努力，所以我很信任他们。
My subordinates are all very hardworking, so I trust them a lot.
他对手下很严厉，但也很关心他们的发展。
He is very strict with his subordinates, but also cares about their development.
作为领导，你需要学会如何激励你的下属。
As a leader, you need to learn how to motivate your subordinates.
公司的成功离不开每一位下属的贡献。
The company's success is inseparable from the contributions of every subordinate.
新来的下属很快就适应了工作环境。
The new subordinate quickly adapted to the work environment.
他对待下属一视同仁，不偏袒任何人。
He treats his subordinates equally, without favoritism towards anyone.
我经常和我的下属进行一对一的交流，了解他们的想法。
I often have one-on-one communication with my subordinates to understand their thoughts.
那位经理很懂得授权，让下属有更多发挥空间。
That manager is very good at delegating, giving subordinates more room to develop.
इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
Use 下属 (xiàshǔ) to refer to a subordinate or a junior staff member in a professional setting. It's a neutral term.
Don't confuse 下属 with more informal terms like '小弟 (xiǎodì)' (little brother, used for a younger male associate) or '手下 (shǒuxià)' (literally 'under hand,' a more general term for someone working for you, but can sometimes have a slightly less formal or even a gangster-movie connotation depending on context). 下属 is specifically for professional hierarchy.
असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें
वास्तविक संदर्भ
In an office setting, discussing team structure or hierarchy.
- 我的下属 (wǒ de xiàshǔ) - my subordinate
- 他的下属们 (tā de xiàshǔmen) - his subordinates
- 管理下属 (guǎnlǐ xiàshǔ) - to manage subordinates
Talking about a manager's responsibilities.
- 对待下属 (duìdài xiàshǔ) - how to treat subordinates
- 指导下属 (zhǐdǎo xiàshǔ) - to guide subordinates
- 激励下属 (jīlì xiàshǔ) - to motivate subordinates
Referring to someone's direct reports.
- 直属下属 (zhíshǔ xiàshǔ) - direct subordinate
- 下属汇报 (xiàshǔ huìbào) - subordinates report to
- 下属员工 (xiàshǔ yuángōng) - subordinate employee
Discussing relationships within a company.
- 上级和下属 (shàngjí hé xiàshǔ) - superiors and subordinates
- 下属关系 (xiàshǔ guānxì) - subordinate relationship
- 与下属沟通 (yǔ xiàshǔ gōutōng) - to communicate with subordinates
In a more formal or military context, referring to someone under one's command.
- 下属部队 (xiàshǔ bùduì) - subordinate troops
- 我的下属单位 (wǒ de xiàshǔ dānwèi) - my subordinate unit
- 指挥下属 (zhǐhuī xiàshǔ) - to command subordinates
बातचीत की शुरुआत
"你管理过下属吗？(Nǐ guǎnlǐ guò xiàshǔ ma?) - Have you ever managed subordinates?"
"你觉得一个好的上级应该怎么对待下属？(Nǐ juéde yī ge hǎo de shàngjí yīnggāi zěnme duìdài xiàshǔ?) - How do you think a good superior should treat subordinates?"
"你的直属下属有多少人？(Nǐ de zhíshǔ xiàshǔ yǒu duōshǎo rén?) - How many direct subordinates do you have?"
"在你的公司，上级和下属的关系怎么样？(Zài nǐ de gōngsī, shàngjí hé xiàshǔ de guānxì zěnmeyàng?) - How is the relationship between superiors and subordinates in your company?"
"你觉得和下属沟通最重要的是什么？(Nǐ juéde hé xiàshǔ gōutōng zuì zhòngyào de shì shénme?) - What do you think is most important when communicating with subordinates?"
डायरी विषय
描述你理想中的上级与下属的关系。(Miáoshù nǐ lǐxiǎng zhōng de shàngjí yǔ xiàshǔ de guānxì.) - Describe your ideal superior-subordinate relationship.
如果你是经理，你会如何激励你的下属？(Rúguǒ nǐ shì jīnglǐ, nǐ huì rúhé jīlì nǐ de xiàshǔ?) - If you were a manager, how would you motivate your subordinates?
分享一次你作为下属的经历，以及你学到了什么。(Fēnxiǎng yī cì nǐ zuòwéi xiàshǔ de jīnglì, yǐjí nǐ xué dào le shénme.) - Share an experience you had as a subordinate and what you learned from it.
你认为在工作场所，尊重下属的重要性体现在哪里？(Nǐ rènwéi zài gōngzuò chǎngsuǒ, zūnzhòng xiàshǔ de zhòngyào xìng tǐxiàn zài nǎlǐ?) - Where do you think the importance of respecting subordinates is reflected in the workplace?
讨论一下，当你的下属表现不佳时，你会怎么处理？(Tǎolùn yīxià, dāng nǐ de xiàshǔ biǎoxiàn bù jiā shí, nǐ huì zěnme chǔlǐ?) - Discuss how you would handle it when your subordinate performs poorly.
खुद को परखो 72 सवाल
Which of these is most likely a 下属 (xiàshǔ)?
A 下属 (xiàshǔ) is someone who works under another person.
In the sentence '老板有几个下属' (Lǎobǎn yǒu jǐ ge xiàshǔ), what does 下属 mean?
老板 (lǎobǎn) means boss, so 下属 (xiàshǔ) refers to the people who work for the boss.
Which sentence correctly uses 下属 (xiàshǔ)?
下属 (xiàshǔ) refers to a person, and this sentence uses it correctly to describe someone working for you.
A boss is usually a 下属 (xiàshǔ).
A boss is typically the person in charge, not a subordinate. A subordinate works for a boss.
The sentence '他的下属帮他工作' (Tā de xiàshǔ bāng tā gōngzuò) means 'His subordinate helps him work'.
下属 (xiàshǔ) means subordinate, and 帮他工作 (bāng tā gōngzuò) means 'helps him work'.
You can use 下属 (xiàshǔ) to describe your friend.
下属 (xiàshǔ) specifically refers to someone in a work relationship who reports to you, not a friend.
This sentence means 'He is my subordinate.' The typical Chinese sentence structure is Subject + Verb + Object.
This sentence means 'She has one subordinate.' '有 (yǒu)' means 'to have', and '一个 (yí ge)' means 'one'.
This sentence means 'Are you his subordinate?' The particle '吗 (ma)' at the end of a sentence turns it into a question.
我的经理对他的所有___都很好。
The sentence means 'My manager is good to all his subordinates.' '下属' fits best here.
她是一名优秀的老板，总是关心她的___。
The sentence means 'She is an excellent boss, always caring for her subordinates.' '下属' is the correct word.
请把这个任务交给你的___完成。
The sentence means 'Please hand this task over to your subordinate to complete.' '下属' makes the most sense.
公司里有很多___，他们都很努力工作。
The sentence means 'There are many subordinates in the company, and they all work very hard.' '下属' is the right choice.
老板要求___们准时开会。
The sentence means 'The boss requires subordinates to attend the meeting on time.' '下属' is the appropriate word here.
作为一名经理，你需要管理你的___。
The sentence means 'As a manager, you need to manage your subordinates.' '下属' is the correct answer.
Write a short sentence describing a boss interacting with their subordinate. (A2)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
老板让下属完成这个任务。(The boss asked the subordinate to complete this task.)
Imagine you are a manager. Write a simple instruction you would give to your subordinate. (A2)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
请我的下属明天早上给我报告。(Please report to me tomorrow morning.)
Complete the sentence: 我的____很努力工作。(A2)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我的下属很努力工作。(My subordinate works very hard.)
谁是王经理的新下属？
Read this passage:
王经理有一个新下属。新下属很年轻，但是工作很认真。经理经常指导新下属。
谁是王经理的新下属？
文章中提到 '新下属很年轻' (The new subordinate is very young).
文章中提到 '新下属很年轻' (The new subordinate is very young).
李总和下属们在做什么？
Read this passage:
李总今天和他的下属开会。他们讨论了一个重要项目。下属们都提出了很好的建议。
李总和下属们在做什么？
文章中提到 '李总今天和他的下属开会' (Director Li held a meeting with his subordinates today).
文章中提到 '李总今天和他的下属开会' (Director Li held a meeting with his subordinates today).
为什么我需要自己完成一些工作？
Read this passage:
我的下属今天请假了。我需要自己完成一些工作。希望他明天能回来上班。
为什么我需要自己完成一些工作？
文章中提到 '我的下属今天请假了' (My subordinate took leave today).
文章中提到 '我的下属今天请假了' (My subordinate took leave today).
This sentence means 'His subordinates are very hardworking.' The correct order is 'He's (possessive) subordinates very hardworking.'
This sentence means 'I have two subordinates.' The correct order is 'I have two (measure word) subordinates.'
This sentence means 'The manager and subordinates have a meeting.' The correct order is 'Manager and subordinates hold meeting.'
作为经理，你需要更好地管理你的___。
这句话的意思是“作为经理，你需要更好地管理你的下属”。根据句意，这里需要一个表示“下属”的词语，所以“下属”是正确的。
我的___今天请假了，所以我得自己完成这份报告。
这句话的意思是“我的下属今天请假了，所以我得自己完成这份报告”。根据句意，这里需要一个表示“下属”的词语，所以“下属”是正确的。
她对待___非常友善，所以大家都喜欢和她工作。
这句话的意思是“她对待下属非常友善，所以大家都喜欢和她工作”。根据句意，这里需要一个表示“下属”的词语，所以“下属”是正确的。
公司规定，___不能直接和总经理汇报工作。
这句话的意思是“公司规定，下属不能直接和总经理汇报工作”。根据句意，这里需要一个表示“下属”的词语，所以“下属”是正确的。
他经常和他的___一起吃饭，建立良好的工作关系。
这句话的意思是“他经常和他的下属一起吃饭，建立良好的工作关系”。根据句意，这里需要一个表示“下属”的词语，所以“下属”是正确的。
一个好的领导者应该知道如何激励自己的___。
这句话的意思是“一个好的领导者应该知道如何激励自己的下属”。根据句意，这里需要一个表示“下属”的词语，所以“下属”是正确的。
This sentence means 'My subordinate completed the task.'
This sentence means 'The boss and subordinates are having a meeting.'
This sentence means 'She guides her subordinates.'
作为经理，你需要知道如何激励你的___，让他们更高效地工作。
Context indicates a manager's role in motivating team members who report to them, so 'subordinate' (下属) is the most appropriate word.
他因为对___大喊大叫而被老板批评，这是一种不专业的行为。
The sentence describes unprofessional behavior of yelling at someone who reports to him. 'Subordinate' (下属) fits this context.
一个好的领导者不仅能布置任务，还能帮助___成长和发展。
A good leader helps those who work under them to grow. 'Subordinate' (下属) is the correct choice here.
在团队会议上，她鼓励她的所有___积极发言，分享自己的想法。
She encouraged her team members to speak up. 'Subordinate' (下属) is the appropriate term in a team meeting context.
公司规定，所有员工都不能向他们的___透露薪资信息。
The rule is about not disclosing salary information to those who report to you within the company. 'Subordinate' (下属) is the correct fit.
新来的经理非常注重团队合作，经常组织活动增进___之间的了解。
The new manager wants to improve understanding among his team members. 'Subordinate' (下属) refers to the people who work under him.
Imagine you are a manager. Write an email to your subordinate (下属) asking them to complete a report by the end of the week. Make sure to include a clear deadline and offer assistance if needed.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
你好[下属姓名]，请你在本周末前完成关于[项目名称]的报告。如果你在撰写过程中遇到任何困难，请随时告诉我，我很乐意提供帮助。谢谢！
Describe a situation where a manager might need to give constructive feedback to a subordinate (下属). What are some key things the manager should consider when doing this?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
当一位下属在某项任务中表现不佳时，经理可能需要提供建设性反馈。经理应该考虑私下沟通、具体指出问题、提供改进建议并鼓励下属。
You are a new employee. Write a short paragraph introducing yourself to your manager and explaining your role, including that you will be a subordinate (下属) to them.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
您好，[经理姓名]。我叫[你的名字]，是公司的新员工。我将是您的下属，主要负责[你的工作内容]。我期待与您和团队合作。
根据这段话，一位经验丰富的经理如何管理他的下属？
Read this passage:
在一家大公司里，管理层级非常清晰。每个经理都有几个下属，负责不同的项目。一位经验丰富的经理知道如何激励他的下属，让他们发挥出最大的潜力。他会定期与下属沟通，了解他们的进展和遇到的困难。
根据这段话，一位经验丰富的经理如何管理他的下属？
文章中明确提到“他会定期与下属沟通，了解他们的进展和遇到的困难。”
文章中明确提到“他会定期与下属沟通，了解他们的进展和遇到的困难。”
以下哪项最能描述小李的特点？
Read this passage:
小李是销售部的一名优秀下属。他不仅业务能力强，而且积极向上，总是乐于助人。他的经理非常欣赏他，并经常在会议上表扬他。小李也通过自己的努力，不断学习新的销售技巧，希望能有更好的发展。
以下哪项最能描述小李的特点？
文章中描述小李“业务能力强，而且积极向上，总是乐于助人。”
文章中描述小李“业务能力强，而且积极向上，总是乐于助人。”
公司结构调整后，下属们面临的主要挑战是什么？
Read this passage:
公司最近进行了一次结构调整，一些部门的下属被重新分配到其他团队。这引起了一些员工的不安，因为他们需要适应新的工作环境和新的领导。然而，公司也提供了培训和支持，帮助下属们更好地融入新团队。
公司结构调整后，下属们面临的主要挑战是什么？
文章提到“这引起了一些员工的不安，因为他们需要适应新的工作环境和新的领导。”
文章提到“这引起了一些员工的不安，因为他们需要适应新的工作环境和新的领导。”
Choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: “新上任的经理很擅长管理他的___。”
The sentence talks about a manager's ability to manage, and a manager manages subordinates. '下属' (subordinate) fits perfectly here.
Which of the following sentences correctly uses the word “下属”?
The correct sentence uses '下属' to refer to people who report to someone, which aligns with the meaning of 'subordinate'. The other options either misuse the word or present a contradictory relationship.
If you are a team leader, who would you primarily be responsible for guiding and supervising?
A team leader is primarily responsible for guiding and supervising their subordinates, the people who report to them.
A CEO is generally considered a '下属' to their employees.
A CEO is typically the highest-ranking executive in a company, meaning their employees are their subordinates, not the other way around.
If someone reports directly to you, they are your '下属'.
The definition of '下属' is someone who is subordinate to another, often implying they report directly to that person.
In a military context, a general is a '下属' to a private.
In a military hierarchy, a general is a superior to a private, meaning a private would be the general's '下属', not the other way around.
Imagine you are a manager. Write an email to your subordinate, delegating a new task. Include a deadline and offer support. (Approx. 100 Chinese characters)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
小王你好， 请你在本周末前完成关于市场调研报告的初稿。这项任务比较紧急，但对团队很重要。如果你在过程中遇到任何困难，请随时告诉我，我会提供必要的帮助。期待你的工作。 经理
Describe a situation where a manager needs to motivate a subordinate who is struggling with their performance. What would the manager say? (Approx. 100 Chinese characters)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
经理对小李说："我知道你最近有些压力，但我在你身上看到了潜力。我们一起分析一下问题所在，制定一个改进计划。我相信你能够克服困难，做得更好。我会一直支持你的。"
You are a new employee. Write a short self-introduction to your manager and future subordinates, expressing your eagerness to learn and contribute. (Approx. 80 Chinese characters)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
大家好，我是新来的张明。很高兴能加入这个团队。我期待向大家学习，并为团队做出贡献。在未来的工作中，希望我们能愉快合作。请大家多多指教。
根据文章，以下哪项不是建立良好上下级关系的关键？
Read this passage:
在职场中，建立良好的上下级关系至关重要。一个优秀的领导者不仅要能指导下属完成任务，更要懂得如何激励和培养他们。同时，下属也应该积极主动，向上级汇报工作进展，并及时寻求帮助。这样的互动有助于提升团队整体效率和凝聚力。
根据文章，以下哪项不是建立良好上下级关系的关键？
文章强调领导者不仅要指导任务，还要激励培养下属。选项C与文章内容相悖。
文章强调领导者不仅要指导任务，还要激励培养下属。选项C与文章内容相悖。
根据文章，除了薪资，员工更看重哪些方面？
Read this passage:
某公司近期进行了一项关于员工满意度的调查。结果显示，对于大部分员工而言，除了薪资待遇，他们更看重领导的认可和下属的合作。一位受访者表示：“被认可的感觉让我工作更有动力，而与同事和睦相处则让工作环境更加愉快。”
根据文章，除了薪资，员工更看重哪些方面？
文章明确指出，除了薪资，员工更看重领导的认可和下属的合作。
文章明确指出，除了薪资，员工更看重领导的认可和下属的合作。
当上级和下属出现意见分歧时，文章建议双方如何处理？
Read this passage:
有效的沟通是解决职场冲突的关键。当上级和下属之间出现意见分歧时，双方都应保持冷静，倾听对方的观点。上级可以尝试从下属的角度理解问题，下属则应清晰地表达自己的想法，共同寻求解决方案。避免使用指责的语言，而是专注于问题的解决。
当上级和下属出现意见分歧时，文章建议双方如何处理？
文章强调双方应保持冷静，倾听对方观点，并共同寻求解决方案。
文章强调双方应保持冷静，倾听对方观点，并共同寻求解决方案。
The boss asked all subordinates to work overtime today.
She is very good at managing her subordinates.
A good leader should care about his subordinates.
Read this aloud:
你如何看待你的下属？
Focus: xiàshǔ
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
我鼓励我的下属提出新的想法。
Focus: gǔlì, xiàshǔ
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
这位经理与他的下属关系融洽。
Focus: róngqià, xiàshǔ
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
/ 72 correct
Perfect score!
उदाहरण
他对下属非常严格。
संबंधित सामग्री
यह शब्द अन्य भाषाओं में
work के और शब्द
充裕的
B2Abundant, ample, or sufficient in quantity.
事故
A2accident; mishap
依照
A2According to; in accordance with.
准确地
A2accurately, precisely
做到
A2to achieve; to accomplish
积极地
A2actively; enthusiastically
应变
B2Adaptive; capable of dealing with emergencies.
行政
A2Administration; the management of affairs.
过后
A2Afterwards; at a later or subsequent time.
赞同
A2To approve of, to endorse; to agree with or support.
