Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'the' + adjective to refer to a whole group of people sharing that quality, never adding an 's'.
- Use 'the' + adjective to represent a group: 'The rich are getting richer.'
- Never add an 's' to the adjective: 'The poors' is incorrect.
- These phrases always take a plural verb: 'The elderly are often ignored.'
Overview
- The poor need better access to healthcare. (= poor people as a group)
- The elderly often feel isolated. (= elderly people)
- The homeless deserve better support.
- The injured were hospitalised. (= the injured people)
- The elderly are (not is) often underrepresented.
- She is not afraid of the unknown.
- He attempted the impossible.
- Life is full of the unexpected.
- ✅ We should help the poor.
- ❌ The poor came to the door. (means the whole group — not natural for one person)
- ✅ A poor man came to the door.
Formation of Substantive Adjectives
| Article | Adjective | Verb (Plural) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
The
|
poor
|
are
|
The poor are hungry.
|
|
The
|
rich
|
are
|
The rich are wealthy.
|
|
The
|
young
|
are
|
The young are energetic.
|
|
The
|
elderly
|
are
|
The elderly are wise.
|
|
The
|
sick
|
are
|
The sick are recovering.
|
|
The
|
injured
|
are
|
The injured are resting.
|
Meanings
This structure turns an adjective into a collective noun representing a group of people who share a specific characteristic.
Collective Groups
Referring to a demographic group defined by a state or condition.
“The young are our future.”
“The homeless need more support.”
Abstract Concepts
Referring to an abstract quality or idea, often used in philosophical contexts.
“The unknown is often frightening.”
“The beautiful is subjective.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
The + Adj + Plural Verb
|
The poor are struggling.
|
|
Negative
|
The + Adj + are not + Verb
|
The poor are not alone.
|
|
Question
|
Are + the + Adj + ...?
|
Are the poor receiving aid?
|
|
Short Answer
|
Yes, they are.
|
Yes, they are.
|
|
Abstract
|
The + Adj + Singular Verb
|
The unknown is scary.
|
|
Comparison
|
The + Adj + than + ...
|
The rich are better off than the poor.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
The homeless require state assistance. (Social policy)
The homeless need help. (Social policy)
Homeless people need a hand. (Social policy)
People on the street need help. (Social policy)
Adjective to Noun Transformation
Age
- The young Young people
- The elderly Old people
Status
- The rich Wealthy people
- The poor Poor people
Correct vs Incorrect Usage
レベル別の例文
The poor need help.
The poor need help.
The old are wise.
The old are wise.
The sick are in bed.
The sick are in bed.
The young like music.
The young like music.
The rich live in big houses.
The rich live in big houses.
The injured were taken away.
The injured were taken away.
The unemployed are looking for jobs.
The unemployed are looking for jobs.
The homeless need a place to stay.
The homeless need a place to stay.
The brave are often remembered by history.
The brave are often remembered by history.
The blind have special ways to read.
The blind have special ways to read.
The deaf communicate using sign language.
The deaf communicate using sign language.
The wealthy often donate to charity.
The wealthy often donate to charity.
The vulnerable are most at risk during the crisis.
The vulnerable are most at risk during the crisis.
The unknown is what scares most people.
The unknown is what scares most people.
The disabled require better infrastructure.
The disabled require better infrastructure.
The innocent were released after the trial.
The innocent were released after the trial.
The disenfranchised are demanding their voices be heard.
The disenfranchised are demanding their voices be heard.
The beautiful is often found in simplicity.
The beautiful is often found in simplicity.
The enlightened seek truth above all else.
The enlightened seek truth above all else.
The marginalized have been ignored for too long.
The marginalized have been ignored for too long.
The sublime is that which transcends the ordinary.
The sublime is that which transcends the ordinary.
The uninitiated may find the process confusing.
The uninitiated may find the process confusing.
The departed are honored in this ceremony.
The departed are honored in this ceremony.
The righteous shall inherit the earth.
The righteous shall inherit the earth.
間違えやすい
Learners confuse 'the French' (nationality) with 'the poor' (adjective).
Learners think 'the poor' is the same as 'the poor people'.
Learners use plural verbs with abstract concepts.
よくある間違い
The poors are here.
The poor are here.
The poor is here.
The poor are here.
Poor are here.
The poor are here.
The poor people are here.
The poor are here.
The youngs are playing.
The young are playing.
The elderly is happy.
The elderly are happy.
The sick people are here.
The sick are here.
The injureds were helped.
The injured were helped.
The unemployed is rising.
The unemployed are rising.
The richs are greedy.
The rich are greedy.
The unknown are scary.
The unknown is scary.
The beautifuls are rare.
The beautiful is rare.
The good are subjective.
The good is subjective.
The bads are everywhere.
The bad is everywhere.
文型パターン
The ___ are often ignored.
Are the ___ receiving support?
The ___ is a mystery.
The ___ are not always happy.
Real World Usage
The unemployed seek new roles.
We must support the vulnerable.
I have worked with the elderly.
The marginalized are often excluded.
The locals are very friendly.
N/A
Check the verb
No -s
Use for groups
Tone matters
Smart Tips
Use this structure to avoid repeating 'people'.
Use this for age groups.
Use this for vulnerable groups.
Use this for philosophical statements.
発音
Stress
Stress the adjective, not the article.
Falling
The POOR are HERE.
Stating a fact.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'The' as a magnet that pulls the adjective into a group, but the adjective stays frozen in its singular form.
視覚的連想
Imagine a big group of people wearing shirts with the same adjective on them. You point to the group and say 'The [Adjective].' You see no 's' on their shirts.
Rhyme
Add 'the' to the front, keep the adjective small, the verb must be plural, to describe them all.
Story
In a village, there were two groups: the rich and the poor. The rich were always busy, and the poor were always working. One day, a stranger arrived and asked, 'Are the rich happy?' The villagers replied, 'The rich are busy, but the poor are hopeful.'
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write three sentences about different groups in your city using this structure.
文化メモ
Using 'the' + adjective can sometimes sound clinical or detached.
Commonly used in news headlines.
Standard in formal research papers.
This construction stems from Old English, where the definite article could be used with adjectives to denote a class of people.
会話のきっかけ
Do you think the rich should pay more taxes?
How can we better support the elderly?
Is the unknown something you fear?
What do the young value most today?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
The poor ___ in need of help.
Find and fix the mistake:
The poors are waiting outside.
Which sentence is correct?
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
The sick are in the hospital.
Answer starts with: The...
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
The ___ are often ignored in policy.
Find and fix the mistake:
The injured is being treated.
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesThe poor ___ in need of help.
Find and fix the mistake:
The poors are waiting outside.
Which sentence is correct?
are / The / often / elderly / wise
The sick are in the hospital.
Match the group.
The ___ are often ignored in policy.
Find and fix the mistake:
The injured is being treated.
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
No, only for common categories like age, health, or status.
Because the adjective is not a noun; it is a collective noun phrase.
Yes, it is more formal than using 'people'.
Use a noun: 'the poor person'.
Similar, but nationalities are proper nouns.
It might sound too formal.
No, 'the red' does not mean 'the red people'.
Because the group is plural by definition.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Los + adjetivo
Spanish adjectives must agree in gender and number, unlike English.
Les + adjectif
French adjectives must agree in gender and number.
Die + Adjektiv
German adjectives have complex declension endings.
Adjective + hito (people)
Japanese requires a noun to make the group.
Adjective + de (people)
Chinese does not have articles or plural verb agreement.
Al + Adjective
Arabic has dual and plural forms for adjectives.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
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