Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'each' to focus on individual items in a group, and 'every' to focus on the group as a whole.
- Use 'each' for two or more items; use 'every' for three or more items.
- Both 'each' and 'every' are followed by a singular countable noun and a singular verb.
- Use 'each' for small, specific groups; use 'every' for large groups or generalizations.
Overview
Eachとeveryは、どちらも「すべての～」という意味で使われるため、多くの学習者が同じものとして混同してしまいがちです。しかし、英語のネイティブスピーカーにとって、この2つは「視点」が根本的に異なります。日本語には、名詞に「各」や「すべての」を付ける際、文法的な厳密な区別はありません。例えば「各学生」も「すべての学生」も、日本語では単に名詞の前に修飾語を置くだけで、動詞の形が変わることはありません。しかし、英語ではこの選択が文法的なルールに直結します。Eachは、グループの中の個々のメンバーに注目し、一人ひとりをスポットライトで照らすようなイメージです。一方、everyは、グループ全体を一つの集合体として捉え、全体をフラッドライトで一気に照らすようなイメージです。この違いは単なるニュアンスではなく、文の構造を決定づけます。例えば、Each student has a bookと言えば、学生一人ひとりが個別に本を持っている様子が浮かびます。対してEvery student has a bookと言えば、全員が例外なく本を持っているという「全体的な事実」が強調されます。日本語の「それぞれ」や「すべて」という言葉の使い分けよりも、英語ではこの「個への焦点」か「全体への焦点」かの使い分けが非常に重要になります。この違いを理解することで、B2レベルの学習者として、より正確で洗練された表現が可能になります。eachもeveryも、その後に来る名詞は必ず「単数形」であり、動詞も「単数扱い」になるということです。日本語の感覚では「すべて」＝「複数」と考えがちですが、英語ではこれらは「個別に数える」あるいは「集合を単一の単位として見る」ため、常に単数形をとります。これは日本語の「各々（おのおの）」や「全（ぜん）」といった接頭辞の使い方の概念とは異なります。日本語では「各学生」と言っても「学生たち」と言っても動詞の形は変わりませんが、英語ではEach studentの後にhas（単数形）を置かなければならないという強固なルールがあります。Eachは「原子化（atomization）」の役割を果たします。グループをバラバラに分解し、一つひとつを確認する作業です。一方、everyは「一般化（generalization）」の役割を果たします。グループ全体を一つのルールで括るイメージです。このため、everyは「例外を認めない」という強い響きを持ちます。Every car has wheelsという文は、特定の車を指しているのではなく、車という概念そのものの属性を述べており、この「一般化」の機能がeveryの真骨頂です。日本語では「すべての車は車輪を持っている」と訳しますが、英語ではeveryを使うことで、そのカテゴリーに属するすべての個体にこのルールが適用されるという論理的な帰結が強調されます。eachとeveryの構造には明確な違いがあります。特にeachは代名詞としても使えますが、everyは単独では使えないという点が重要です。of theがある場合のみ複数名詞。動詞は単数。 |each単独で主語になれる。 |everyはofを伴う形は不可。 |each of theという形は可能ですが、every of theという形は英語には存在しません。これは日本語の「それぞれの学生」という表現が、どちらの文脈でも同じように使えることと対照的です。英語では、eachは「選択」のニュアンスがあるためofを伴うことができますが、everyは「全体」を指すため、限定的なofとは相性が悪いのです。eachを使う場面は、グループのメンバーが明確で、数えられる場合です。例えば「2人」の時、everyは使えません。Each of the two candidatesと言うのが正解です。また、eachは個別の動作を強調したい時、例えばEach person signed the document（一人ひとりが署名した）というような、プロセスを意識する文脈で好まれます。everyを使う場面は、より広範囲で抽象的なグループを指す時です。Every citizen has rightsのように、個別の顔が見えないような大きな集合体に対して使います。また、everyの非常に重要な用法として「頻度」があります。Every day（毎日）、Every two weeks（2週間ごと）など、周期的なイベントにはeveryが使われます。ここではeachを使うと不自然です。さらに、almostやnearlyといった副詞はeveryとしか共起しません。Almost every student（ほとんどすべての学生）という表現は、everyが持つ「全体」という性質をこれらの副詞が修飾することで成立します。- 1複数動詞の使用: 日本語には動詞の単複がないため、
Every student have...と書いてしまうミスが非常に多いです。everyやeachは常に「1」を指すと脳内で再定義する必要があります。
- 1Every ofの誤用: 日本語の「～のすべて」という直訳から、
Every of the membersと言ってしまうケースです。everyは限定詞として直接名詞を修飾するものであり、ofを伴う代名詞的な機能は持たないことを意識してください。
- 12人に対するEveryの使用: 日本語では「全員」と言えば人数に関係なく使えますが、英語では2人の時は
eachが必須です。Every handとは言わず、Each handと言うのがネイティブの感覚です。
eachとevery以外に、allという言葉もあります。これらを比較すると理解が深まります。Allは後ろに複数名詞を取り、動詞も複数形になります（例: All students are here）。Eachやeveryが「単数」を強制するのに対し、allは「複数」を強制します。この使い分けが、英語の文法構造をマスターする鍵です。Each and everyという表現はなぜ使うのですか？Eachの個別性とeveryの全体性を合わせることで、「例外なく一人残らず」という非常に強い意味になります。Everyを代名詞として使いたい時はどうしますか？Everyは代名詞になれないので、Every one（二語）と書く必要があります。Every one of the studentsのように使います。EachとEveryのどちらを使ってもいい場合はありますか？Each student has a penは「一人ひとりがペンを持っている」という事実、Every student has a penは「学生は全員ペンを持っている」というルールや状態を指す傾向があります。Determiner + Noun + Verb Agreement
| Determiner | Noun Type | Verb Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Each
|
Singular Countable
|
Singular
|
Each child sings.
|
|
Every
|
Singular Countable
|
Singular
|
Every child sings.
|
|
Each of the
|
Plural Countable
|
Singular
|
Each of the children sings.
|
|
Every one of the
|
Plural Countable
|
Singular
|
Every one of the children sings.
|
|
All (Comparison)
|
Plural Countable
|
Plural
|
All children sing.
|
Meanings
Distributive determiners used to refer to all members of a group individually rather than collectively (like 'all'). They emphasize that the action applies to every single member.
Individual Focus (Each)
Used when thinking about the members of a group as individuals, one by one.
“Each person in this room has a unique story.”
“The artist painted each petal with incredible detail.”
Group Focus (Every)
Used when thinking about a group as a whole, similar to 'all' but grammatically singular.
“Every student must wear a uniform.”
“I've read every book on that shelf.”
Frequency (Every)
Used to describe how often something happens at regular intervals.
“I go to the gym every morning.”
“The bus arrives every ten minutes.”
Reference Table
| 特徴 | Each | Every |
|---|---|---|
|
フォーカス
|
個々のメンバー（一人ひとり）
|
グループ全体（例外なくすべて）
|
|
グループの規模
|
比較的小さい、または2つ
|
大きい、または不特定多数（3つ以上）
|
|
名詞の形
|
単数名詞 (Singular countable)
|
単数名詞 (Singular countable)
|
|
動詞の形
|
単数動詞 (Singular)
|
単数動詞 (Singular)
|
|
よく使う表現
|
個別の強調, 'each of the'
|
頻度, 一般論, 'nearly/almost every'
|
|
代名詞の参照
|
単数 (現代では their も多い)
|
単数 (現代では their も多い)
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Each employee is responsible for their own workstation. (office rules)
Every employee has to clean their desk. (office rules)
Everyone's gotta clean their own spot. (office rules)
Each of y'all needs to clear your space. (office rules)
Each vs. Every: 基本コンセプト
Each
- 個別のフォーカス One by one
- 小規模・限定的 Often two, specific count
- Each of the Specific group reference
Every
- 全体的なフォーカス All without exception
- 大規模・不特定 General, comprehensive
- 頻度 Regular intervals
Each vs. Every: クイック比較
Each か Every か？ 判別フローチャート
一人ひとりに、バラバラに注目していますか？
例外なく、全体をひとまとめに強調していますか？
定期的な間隔で起こること（頻度）について話していますか？
複数名詞の前に 'of the' を使っていますか？
Each & Every とよく使われる組み合わせ
Each と一緒に
- • each other
- • each and every
- • each way
- • each time
Every と一緒に
- • every day
- • every single
- • every now and then
- • every other
レベル別の例文
I drink milk every day.
I drink milk every day.
Every child likes toys.
Every child likes toys.
Each student has a pen.
Each student has a pen.
We see him every week.
We see him every week.
Every room in the hotel is clean.
Every room in the hotel is clean.
Each of my parents is a doctor.
Each of my parents is a doctor.
I play football every Saturday.
I play football every Saturday.
Each book costs five dollars.
Each book costs five dollars.
Every one of these apples is rotten.
Every one of these apples is rotten.
Each member of the team has a different role.
Each member of the team has a different role.
I've tried every possible way to fix it.
I've tried every possible way to fix it.
They gave each of us a small gift.
They gave each of us a small gift.
Each of the candidates was interviewed separately.
Each of the candidates was interviewed separately.
Nearly every student passed the exam.
Nearly every student passed the exam.
The houses were sold for £200,000 each.
The houses were sold for £200,000 each.
Every effort was made to save the building.
Every effort was made to save the building.
Each and every person must take responsibility.
Each and every person must take responsibility.
The variables were each assigned a numerical value.
The variables were each assigned a numerical value.
He had every reason to suspect foul play.
He had every reason to suspect foul play.
Every so often, the market experiences a dip.
Every so often, the market experiences a dip.
The nuances of each and every dialect were meticulously recorded.
The nuances of each and every dialect were meticulously recorded.
Every last detail must be perfect for the gala.
Every last detail must be perfect for the gala.
They each of them held a different opinion on the matter.
They each of them held a different opinion on the matter.
The committee members, each a specialist in their field, convened at noon.
The committee members, each a specialist in their field, convened at noon.
間違えやすい
Both refer to a total group, but 'Every' is singular and 'All' is plural.
Both can refer to two things, but 'Each' means both of them individually, while 'Either' means one or the other.
'Everyone' refers only to people. 'Every one' refers to each individual member of a group of things or people.
よくある間違い
Every students are here.
Every student is here.
I go to school each day.
I go to school every day.
Every of the boys.
Each of the boys.
He has a ring on every thumb.
He has a ring on each thumb.
Every people knows him.
Every person knows him.
Each students has a book.
Each student has a book.
I like every of them.
I like each of them.
Almost each student passed.
Almost every student passed.
They cost five dollars every.
They cost five dollars each.
Every of my friend is nice.
Every one of my friends is nice.
Each and every students must attend.
Each and every student must attend.
文型パターン
Every ___ is ___.
Each of the ___ has ___.
I go to the ___ every ___.
They cost ___ each.
Real World Usage
I ensured that each client received a personalized follow-up.
Every time I post, I get so many comments!
Each passenger is allowed one carry-on bag.
Every order comes with a free side dish.
Each variable was tested under controlled conditions.
I'm busy every single second today!
一人ひとりにスポットライト
Each guest received a special gift.
常に「単数」がルール！
Every child is special in their own way.
「2つ」の時は each を選ぼう
Each hand has five fingers.
性別を問わない their
Each person brought their own bag.
Smart Tips
Replace 'Each' or 'Every' with 'He' or 'She'. If the verb sounds right with 'He', it's correct.
Remember: 'Each of the' is fine, but 'Every' needs 'one' to become 'Every one of the'.
Stick to 'every'. 'Each' sounds unnatural for time intervals unless you are being very specific.
Use 'each' to make people feel like individuals, and 'every' to make them feel like a team.
発音
Each vs Every Syllables
'Each' is one syllable /iːtʃ/. 'Every' is often pronounced as two syllables /ˈev.ri/ rather than three /ˈev.ər.i/.
Emphasis on 'Each'
I want EACH and EVERY one of you to listen.
Stressing both words adds extreme emphasis to the individual responsibility.
暗記しよう
記憶術
E-A-C-H stands for 'Every Actual Component Here' (focus on the individual).
視覚的連想
Imagine a line of people. 'Each' is a spotlight hitting one person at a time. 'Every' is a floodlight hitting the whole line at once.
Rhyme
For two or more, 'each' is the key. For three or more, 'every' can be.
Story
A teacher has two students. She gives 'each' student a book. Later, she goes to a huge school and tells 'every' student to study. She does this 'every' day.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around your room. Identify a group of objects (like books or chairs). Describe them using 'each' for their individual colors and 'every' for their general purpose.
文化メモ
In British English, 'each' is slightly more common in formal written instructions than in American English, which often favors 'every' for general rules.
Americans frequently use 'every' in casual speech to mean 'all', even when 'each' might be more technically accurate for small groups.
Legal documents use 'each' to ensure that the law applies to every individual party separately, preventing any loophole where a group might be treated as a single entity.
'Each' comes from the Old English 'ælc', meaning 'ever-each'. 'Every' is a later development from 'æfre ælc' (ever each).
会話のきっかけ
What is something you do every single day?
If you had three wishes, what would each wish be?
Do you think every person has a soulmate?
Describe a time when each member of your team had to work together.
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
___ student received a diploma.
Find and fix the mistake:
Every employees needs to attend the meeting.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesI have a ring on ___ finger.
___ of the two candidates was excellent.
Find and fix the mistake:
Every students in the class has a laptop.
day / goes / she / every / gym / the / to
Match: 1. Two hands, 2. Daily routine, 3. Emphatic speech
Check the agreement.
The tickets are $20 ___.
___ time I see her, she's smiling.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercises___ person in the room raised their hand.
The software is installed on ___ computer in the office.
Each of the children were given a toy.
I visited every town and village in that regions, and each one had its unique charm.
正しい文章を選んでください：
正しい文章を選んでください：
「毎日が新しいチャンスです」を英語に訳してください。
「ゲストの一人ひとりが小さな贈り物を受け取りました」を英語に訳してください。
単語を並べ替えて文章を作ってください：
単語を並べ替えて文章を作ってください：
適切な組み合わせを選んでください：
シチュエーションに合う方を選んでください：
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No, 'every' is used for three or more. For two people, you must use 'each' or 'both'.
Yes, 'every' is always followed by a singular countable noun and a singular verb (e.g., 'Every person is...').
'Everyone' means all people. 'Every one' (two words) refers to each individual member of a group of things or people and is often followed by 'of'.
No, you must say 'each of the students' or 'each of these students'. You need a determiner (the, my, these) after 'of'.
Use 'each' at the end when talking about prices or individual amounts, like 'They cost $1 each'.
No, neither 'each' nor 'every' can be used with uncountable nouns like 'water' or 'advice'. Use 'all' or 'some' instead.
Technically yes, but it is a common idiomatic expression used for strong emphasis.
This is a fixed idiom meaning 'alternating days' (Monday, Wednesday, Friday).
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
cada
English distinguishes between individual (each) and collective (every) focus.
chaque / tous les
English 'every' is always singular; French 'tous les' is plural.
jeder
English determiners don't change for case.
sorezore / mai-
Japanese lacks the strict subject-verb agreement found in English distributives.
kull (كل)
English uses three different words (each, every, all) where Arabic uses one with different noun states.
měi (每)
Chinese requires the adverb 'dōu' to complete the distributive sense, whereas English uses the determiner alone.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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【5分で解説】eachとeveryの違い！使い分けのポイントを徹底解説
Hapa 英会話
each と every の違い、わかりますか？
Atsueigo
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