must
何かを必ずしなければならないことを示します。それは重要です。例えば、「宿題をしなければならない」。
Must conveys absolute necessity or strong logical certainty.
30秒でわかる単語
- Used to express strong necessity or obligation.
- Used to indicate logical certainty or deduction.
- Used in the negative form to express prohibition.
Summary
Must conveys absolute necessity or strong logical certainty.
- Used to express strong necessity or obligation.
- Used to indicate logical certainty or deduction.
- Used in the negative form to express prohibition.
Remember the Base Form Rule
Always follow 'must' with the base form of the verb. Never add 'to' or change the verb ending.
Don't Confuse Prohibition with Lack of Necessity
Remember that 'mustn't' means 'do not do this,' while 'don't have to' means 'it is optional.'
Use Must for Strong Recommendations
In English-speaking cultures, saying 'You must see this movie' is a way to show high enthusiasm rather than a literal command.
例文
4 / 4I must finish this report by five o'clock.
All employees must wear identification badges.
You must try this pizza, it is incredible!
The data must be analyzed before publication.
語族
覚え方のコツ
Think of 'Must' as a 'Magnet' pulling you toward an action that cannot be avoided. If you see a 'Must', you 'Must' do it!
Overview
'Must' is a fundamental modal auxiliary verb in English. Unlike standard verbs, it does not change form; it remains 'must' regardless of the subject (I, you, he, she, it, we, they). It is primarily used to indicate obligation or necessity. Usage Patterns: When expressing obligation, 'must' implies that the speaker is imposing the rule or that the situation is unavoidable. It is followed by the base form of the main verb without 'to' (e.g., 'You must go'). In negative form, 'must not' (or 'mustn't') expresses prohibition, indicating that something is strictly forbidden. Beyond obligation, 'must' is used for logical deduction, such as 'He must be tired,' meaning the speaker is almost certain this is true based on evidence. Common Contexts: You will encounter 'must' in formal instructions, legal documents, and rules, such as 'Passengers must remain seated.' In conversation, it is used to give strong advice, like 'You must try this cake; it is delicious.' It is also common in deductive reasoning when observing facts. Similar Words Comparison: 'Must' is often compared to 'have to.' While they are synonyms, 'must' usually reflects the speaker's personal authority or internal feeling of necessity, whereas 'have to' often refers to external rules or circumstances. Furthermore, 'should' is a weaker version of 'must,' used for suggestions rather than absolute requirements. Understanding these nuances helps in selecting the right level of urgency in your communication.
使い方のコツ
Must is versatile and used across both formal and informal registers. In formal writing, it is preferred for rules and regulations. In spoken English, it is often used to emphasize personal feelings or strong suggestions. Remember that it does not change based on the subject.
よくある間違い
A common error is adding 'to' after must, such as 'I must to go,' which is incorrect. Another mistake is using 'must' to talk about the past, where 'had to' is required. Finally, learners sometimes confuse 'must not' (prohibition) with 'don't have to' (lack of necessity).
覚え方のコツ
Think of 'Must' as a 'Magnet' pulling you toward an action that cannot be avoided. If you see a 'Must', you 'Must' do it!
語源
The word originates from the Old English 'mōste,' which is the past tense of 'mōt,' meaning 'to be able to' or 'to have permission.' Over time, it evolved to express necessity and obligation in modern English.
文化的な背景
In many English-speaking cultures, 'must' is used to show enthusiasm. Using 'must' when inviting someone to a restaurant or suggesting a book shows that you feel very strongly about the quality of the experience.
例文
I must finish this report by five o'clock.
everydayAll employees must wear identification badges.
formalYou must try this pizza, it is incredible!
informalThe data must be analyzed before publication.
academic語族
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
a must
must-see
must-have
よく混同される語
'Must' is usually for personal opinion or rules set by the speaker, while 'have to' is for external obligations like laws or schedules.
'Must' indicates an absolute necessity, whereas 'should' is used for advice or something that is a good idea but not strictly required.
文法パターン
Remember the Base Form Rule
Always follow 'must' with the base form of the verb. Never add 'to' or change the verb ending.
Don't Confuse Prohibition with Lack of Necessity
Remember that 'mustn't' means 'do not do this,' while 'don't have to' means 'it is optional.'
Use Must for Strong Recommendations
In English-speaking cultures, saying 'You must see this movie' is a way to show high enthusiasm rather than a literal command.
自分をテスト
Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence.
You ___ wear a seatbelt while driving.
Must is a modal verb followed by the base form of the verb.
Identify the meaning of 'must' in this sentence.
She has been working for ten hours; she must be exhausted.
The speaker is drawing a conclusion based on the evidence provided.
Select the correct negative form.
You ___ touch the painting in the museum.
Museums have rules, so touching art is prohibited, requiring 'must not'.
スコア: /3
よくある質問
4 問No, 'must' does not have a past tense form. To express a past obligation, we use 'had to' instead.
'Must not' means something is forbidden or prohibited. 'Don't have to' means there is no obligation, but you are free to do it if you choose.
No, 'must' is a modal verb and is always followed by the base form of the verb without 'to'. For example, say 'I must eat,' not 'I must to eat.'
It can be formal when used for rules, but it is also very common in everyday speech. Its level of formality depends on the context of the sentence.
文脈で学ぶ
関連語彙
generalの関連語
about
A1'about'は、何かの話題について話すときや、おおよその量を表すときに使います。
above
A2何かの真上にある、より高い位置を示します。
accident
A2予期せず起こる悪い出来事で、損害や怪我につながることがあるものです。
action
A2目標を達成するために何かを実際に行うことだよ。
after
A2'after'は、時間的または場所的に、何かの後であることを意味します。
afterward
A2At a later or subsequent time.
again
A2'again'は、何かがもう一度起こる、繰り返されることを意味します。
aged
B1ある特定の年齢であること。人や物の年齢を表す時に使うよ。
alive
A2死んでおらず、生命活動をしている状態。
all
A2'all'は、物事の全体や、一つ残らずすべてを指します。