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B1 verb 9分で読める

عرق کردن

aragh kardan

練習する例文メモとヒント عرق کردن 30秒で

解説 عرق کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'عرق کردن' (araq kardan) is a simple verb to learn as part of basic health and body vocabulary. You use it to describe a physical feeling. For example, when the sun is very hot, you say 'I am sweating.' In Persian, this is 'Man araq mikonam.' It is a compound verb, which means it has two parts. The first part 'araq' means 'sweat,' and the second part 'kardan' means 'to do.' At this level, you only need to know how to use it in the present tense to talk about the weather or after playing. It is helpful to know this word so you can tell people why you need water or a fan. You might hear it in simple sentences like 'Hava garm ast, man araq mikonam' (The weather is hot, I am sweating). It's one of those basic words that helps you describe your physical state to others in a very direct way.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'عرق کردن' in the past tense and with more detail. You might talk about your weekend activities, like 'Yesterday I went to the park and sweated a lot' (Dirooz be park raftam va kheyli araq kardam). You can also use it to describe other people. This level involves connecting the verb to causes, such as heat (garmā) or exercise (varzesh). You should also learn the negative form: 'Araq nakardam' (I didn't sweat). It's also useful for basic medical situations, like telling a doctor you had a fever and then sweated. You'll start to notice the word in daily life more, perhaps in advertisements for soap or in conversations about the summer heat. Understanding that 'araq' is the noun and 'kardan' makes it a verb is a key part of your growing grammar knowledge at this stage.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'عرق کردن' in various tenses, including the present continuous (dāram araq mikonam) and the subjunctive (mi-khāham araq nakonam). You can use it to describe more complex situations, like being nervous before an exam or a presentation. For example: 'Before the exam, my hands were sweating' (Ghabl az emtehān, dasthāyam araq kardeh bood). You also begin to learn related words like 'zed-e araq' (anti-perspirant). This level requires you to understand the social context—when it's appropriate to mention sweating and when it might be too informal. You can also start using adverbs like 'shadiidan' (intensely) or 'be-shoddat' (severely) to modify the verb. You are now moving beyond simple descriptions to explaining feelings and reactions using this verb.

At the B2 level, you can use 'عرق کردن' and its variants like 'عرق ریختن' (to pour sweat) in metaphorical ways. You understand that 'sweating' can represent hard work, sacrifice, and dedication. You can discuss social issues, like the hard labor of workers in the sun, using this vocabulary. Your grammar should allow you to use complex structures like 'Despite sweating a lot, he continued his work' (Ba vojoode inke kheyli araq kardeh bood, be kaarash edameh dād). You also recognize the word in more formal or literary contexts, such as news reports about heatwaves or health articles about hyperhidrosis. You can differentiate between the literal biological process and the figurative 'sweat of one's brow.' Your vocabulary is rich enough to use synonyms like 'khis-e araq' to add descriptive flair to your storytelling.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'عرق کردن' is nuanced and fits perfectly within the register of your conversation. You can use it in idiomatic expressions with ease, such as 'araq-e sharm' (the sweat of shame) to describe deep embarrassment. You understand the historical and cultural layers of the word 'araq,' including its connection to herbal distillates and traditional medicine. You can participate in debates about health or sports science where the mechanics of perspiration are discussed in detail. You are also sensitive to the poetic uses of the word in classical and modern Persian literature, where sweat might symbolize the struggle of the soul or the intensity of a lover's passion. Your ability to switch between the clinical, the colloquial, and the poetic shows a high level of mastery.

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At the C2 level, 'عرق کردن' is a tool you use with the precision of a native speaker. You can analyze the etymology of the word and its cognates in other Semitic or Indo-European languages (given its Arabic root). You can write technical papers or creative literature where the act of sweating is described with minute detail or profound symbolic meaning. You are aware of the rarest idioms and regional variations in how the verb is used across the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan). You can use the verb in complex philosophical discussions about the body and the self, or in high-level medical discourse. There is no nuance of the word—from its social stigma to its biological necessity—that you do not grasp. You can play with the word in puns or sophisticated wordplay, showing a total command of the Persian language.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

عرق کردن 30秒で

Araq kardan is the standard Persian verb for sweating, used in everyday situations like exercise, heat, or nervousness.
It is a compound verb consisting of the noun 'araq' (sweat) and the auxiliary verb 'kardan' (to do).
Socially, it can imply hard work (positive) or physical discomfort and social anxiety (neutral to negative).
Common variations include 'araq rikhtan' for intense effort and 'khis-e araq' for being completely soaked.

The Persian verb عرق کردن (araq kardan) is a fundamental compound verb used to describe the physiological process of sweating or perspiring. In its most literal sense, it refers to the body's mechanism for cooling itself down by releasing moisture through the skin pores. This occurs most commonly during physical exertion, exposure to high temperatures, or as a biological response to emotional stress, fever, or illness. In the Iranian cultural context, sweating is often associated with hard work, physical health, and sometimes even social embarrassment in formal settings. Understanding this verb requires a grasp of its two components: araq (meaning sweat or distillate) and kardan (the auxiliary verb meaning 'to do' or 'to make'). Together, they form a cohesive unit that covers everything from a light glisten on the forehead to being completely drenched after a marathon.

Physical Exertion: When you go to the gym or run in the park, your body temperature rises, and you begin to عرق کردن. It is seen as a sign of a productive workout in modern Iranian fitness culture.
Weather Conditions: In the scorching heat of southern Iran or the humid summers of the Caspian coast, people frequently complain about عرق کردن due to the intense environmental conditions.
Emotional Stress: If someone is nervous during an interview or a first date, they might experience 'cold sweat' or nervous perspiration, which is still described using this verb.

من بعد از دویدن خیلی عرق کردم و نیاز به دوش دارم. (I sweated a lot after running and need a shower.)

Beyond the literal, the word 'araq' has multiple meanings in Persian. It can refer to herbal distillates like Araq-e na'na (mint water) used in traditional medicine, or historically to alcoholic spirits. However, when paired with kardan, the meaning is strictly limited to the act of perspiring. This distinction is crucial for learners to avoid confusion. In traditional Iranian medicine (Teb-e Sonnati), sweating is often viewed as a way for the body to expel 'humors' or toxins, and is sometimes encouraged through the use of hot teas or steam baths (hammams).

هوا آنقدر گرم بود که همه داشتند عرق می‌کردند. (The weather was so hot that everyone was sweating.)

In professional settings, excessive sweating might be discussed in a medical context. A doctor might ask, "آیا شب‌ها عرق می‌کنید؟" (Do you sweat at night?), which could be a symptom of various conditions. Thus, the verb spans from casual gym talk to serious clinical inquiries. It is a versatile and essential part of the Persian vocabulary for anyone reaching an intermediate level of fluency.

Using عرق کردن correctly requires understanding how to conjugate compound verbs in Persian. The auxiliary verb kardan (to do) carries all the tense, person, and number markings, while araq remains static. This makes it relatively easy once you know the patterns of kardan. Let's look at how it functions across different timelines and moods.

Present Continuous: To say someone is currently sweating: دارم عرق می‌کنم (I am sweating). Notice the use of 'dāram' as the progressive marker.
Simple Past: To describe a completed action: او دیروز خیلی عرق کرد (He/She sweated a lot yesterday).
Future Tense: In formal contexts: او عرق خواهد کرد (He/She will sweat). In casual speech, the present simple is often used for the future: اگر بدوی، عرق می‌کنی (If you run, you will sweat).

بچه‌ها بعد از بازی فوتبال حسابی عرق کرده بودند. (The children had sweated a lot after the football match.)

When adding adverbs, they usually come before the whole verb or between the noun and the auxiliary. For example, shadiid (intense) becomes shadiidan (intensely). You can say شدیداً عرق کردن. Alternatively, you can use common intensifiers like kheyli (a lot) or hesaabi (thoroughly/properly). The phrase عرق از سر و رویش می‌ریخت (Sweat was pouring from his head and face) is a more descriptive way to express heavy sweating, though it uses the verb rikhtan (to pour) instead of kardan.

چرا اینقدر عرق می‌کنی؟ مریضی؟ (Why are you sweating so much? Are you sick?)

In the subjunctive mood (used for wishes, doubts, or after certain verbs), kardan changes to bokonam. For example: می‌ترسم عرق بکنم و سرما بخورم (I'm afraid I might sweat and catch a cold). This reflects a common Iranian health belief that being sweaty and then getting hit by a breeze causes illness. This cultural nuance adds depth to how you might hear the verb used in daily life.

The verb عرق کردن is ubiquitous in Iranian society, appearing in various domains from the mundane to the metaphorical. To truly master its use, one must recognize the environments where it naturally occurs. It is not just a biological term; it is a word that carries the weight of physical labor, the discomfort of the climate, and the anxiety of social interaction.

Gyms and Sports Clubs: In a 'Bashgah' (gym), you will hear trainers saying, "تا عرق نکنی، وزن کم نمی‌کنی" (Until you sweat, you won't lose weight). It is used as a benchmark for effort.
Public Transport: In the crowded Tehran metro during July, passengers often mutter about the heat and people عرق کردن. It is a common topic of shared discomfort.
Workplaces: Manual laborers, or 'Kargar-ha', are often described as those who 'sweat for their bread' (nan-e halaal ba araq-e jabin).

توی نانوایی، شاطر مدام عرق می‌کرد چون جلوی تنور بود. (In the bakery, the baker was constantly sweating because he was in front of the oven.)

You will also encounter this word in Iranian cinema and literature. It is used to build tension. A character might be shown araq kardan while telling a lie or hiding from the police. In these contexts, it signifies guilt or fear. Furthermore, in the medical world, a nurse might ask a patient after a surgery, "آیا بدنتان عرق کرده؟" (Has your body sweated?), checking for the breaking of a fever. This indicates the 'crisis' or 'turning point' of an illness in traditional and modern Iranian medical thought.

وقتی خبر را شنید، از ترس عرق سردی بر پیشانی‌اش نشست. (When he heard the news, a cold sweat sat on his forehead.)

Lastly, in the context of hospitality, if a guest arrives having walked in the heat, the host might say, "ببخشید، خیلی عرق کردید، بفرمایید خنک شوید" (Sorry, you've sweated a lot, please come and cool down). This shows empathy and the importance of comfort in Persian culture. Whether in a doctor's office, a construction site, or a living room, this verb is a key descriptor of the human condition.

For English speakers learning Persian, عرق کردن presents a few pitfalls, mostly related to its pronunciation, its multiple meanings, and its conjugation. Avoiding these mistakes will make your Persian sound much more natural and professional.

The 'Araq' vs. 'Iraq' Confusion: Beginners often confuse the word Araq (sweat) with the country Erāq (Iraq). While they look somewhat similar in English transliteration, the first letter is different (Ayin vs. Alef) and the vowels are distinct. Saying you are 'Iraq-ing' instead of 'sweating' is a common source of humor.
Misusing the Auxiliary: Some learners try to use 'shodan' (to become) instead of 'kardan'. While araqi shodan (to become sweaty/covered in sweat) is technically possible, araq kardan is the standard verb for the action itself.
Pronunciation of the 'Q': The letter 'Qaf' (ق) in araq is a deep throat sound. English speakers often pronounce it like a 'k' or a 'g'. Practicing the voiced uvular stop will ensure you are understood correctly.

Incorrect: من خیلی عرق شدم.
Correct: من خیلی عرق کردم.

Another mistake involves the word Araq itself. As mentioned, it can mean 'herbal distillate'. If you say "من عرق می‌خورم" (I drink Araq), people will think you are drinking mint water or herbal medicine (or alcohol), not that you are sweating. The verb kardan is essential to signify the bodily function. Furthermore, don't confuse araq with rag (vein). They sound vaguely similar to a new ear but are unrelated.

اشتباه: او عرق ریخت (در حالت عادی).
درست: او عرق کرد.

Finally, be careful with the register. While araq kardan is neutral and safe, using more graphic terms for sweating can be considered impolite in formal Persian company. Stick to the standard verb unless you are with close friends or in a medical setting where detail is required.

While عرق کردن is the most common way to say 'to sweat', Persian offers several synonyms and related expressions that can add variety and precision to your speech. Depending on whether you want to sound more poetic, more clinical, or more colloquial, you might choose one of these alternatives.

عرق ریختن (Araq Rikhtan): Literally 'to pour sweat'. This is often used metaphorically to mean working very hard or struggling. Example: "او برای این پروژه خیلی عرق ریخت" (He poured a lot of sweat into this project).
خیس عرق شدن (Khis-e Araq Shodan): Meaning 'to become drenched in sweat'. This emphasizes the state of being wet rather than the action of sweating itself. It's more descriptive and intense.
تراوش کردن (Tarāvosh Kardan): A more formal or scientific term meaning 'to exude' or 'to seep'. It can be used for sweat in a literary or medical text.

بعد از مسابقه، تمام لباسم خیس عرق شده بود. (After the race, all my clothes had become soaked in sweat.)

Comparing araq kardan with khis shodan (to get wet) is also useful. If you are wet from the rain, you use khis shodan, but if it's from within your body, you must specify araq. Another related concept is garm shodan (to get warm), which often precedes sweating. In a poetic context, you might see shabnam (dew) used metaphorically for sweat on a beautiful face, though this is purely literary.

کارگر پیر با وجود عرق ریختن زیاد، لبخند می‌زد. (The old worker was smiling despite pouring a lot of sweat.)

Understanding these nuances allows you to describe physical states more vividly. If you want to say someone is just beginning to sweat, you might say "پیشانی‌اش عرق کرده" (His forehead has sweated). If they are completely overwhelmed, "از سر و رویش عرق می‌بارد" (Sweat is raining from his head and face) is a powerful idiom. Choose your words based on the intensity of the situation!

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'Araq' is also the name of a famous Middle Eastern alcoholic spirit. This is because the process of distillation involves 'sweating' the liquid through heat to collect the vapors.

発音ガイド

UK /æˈɾæɢ kæɾˈdæn/

US /æˈɾæk kærˈdæn/

The primary stress is on the second syllable of 'araq' and the second syllable of 'kardan'.

韻が合う語

ورق (Varaq - leaf/sheet) طبق (Tabaq - tray) رمق (Ramaq - spark of life) شفق (Shafaq - twilight) فلق (Falaq - dawn) حلق (Halq - throat) خلق (Khalq - people/creation) شرق (Sharq - east)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'Araq' like 'Iraq'.
Making the 'q' sound like a soft 'g'.
Stress on the first syllable of 'araq'.
Confusing the short 'a' with a long 'ā'.
Dropping the 'n' at the end of 'kardan' in formal speech.

難易度

読解 3/5

The word is easy to recognize but can be confused with 'Iraq' or 'Araq' (the drink) in different contexts.

ライティング 2/5

The spelling is straightforward, but remembering the Ayin (ع) at the start is important.

スピーキング 4/5

The 'Qaf' sound is difficult for English speakers to master correctly.

リスニング 3/5

Can be easily understood if the context of heat or effort is present.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

کردن (Kardan) گرم (Garm) بدن (Badan) آب (Āb) ورزش (Varzesh)

次に学ぶ

خیس (Khis) بو (Boo) حمام (Hammām) خسته (Khalsteh) تب (Tab)

上級

تعریق (Ta'arogh) منافذ (Manāfez) تزکیه (Tazkiyeh) جبین (Jabin) مفرط (Mofrat)

知っておくべき文法

Compound Verb Conjugation

In 'araq kardan', only 'kardan' changes. (e.g., araq mikonam, araq kardi, araq khāhand kard).

Subjunctive Mood

Used after verbs of desire or necessity. 'Bāyad araq bokoni' (You must sweat).

Past Continuous

Used for ongoing actions in the past. 'Dāshtam araq mikardam' (I was sweating).

Prepositional Cause

Using 'az' to show cause. 'Az tars araq kard' (He sweated from fear).

Negative Formation

The 'na' prefix goes on the auxiliary. 'Araq nakardam' (I didn't sweat).

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レベル別の例文

هوا گرم است و من عرق می‌کنم.

The weather is hot and I am sweating.

Present simple used for a current state.

آیا تو عرق می‌کنی؟

Are you sweating?

Question form of the present simple.

او بعد از بازی عرق کرد.

He sweated after the game.

Simple past tense.

من عرق نمی‌کنم.

I don't sweat.

Negative present simple.

چای داغ باعث عرق کردن می‌شود.

Hot tea causes sweating.

Gerund form 'araq kardan' used as a noun.

سگم عرق نمی‌کند.

My dog doesn't sweat.

Subject-verb agreement.

ما در تابستان عرق می‌کنیم.

We sweat in the summer.

First person plural present.

آب بخور چون عرق کردی.

Drink water because you sweated.

Imperative + past tense reason.

دیروز خیلی ورزش کردم و زیاد عرق کردم.

I exercised a lot yesterday and sweated a lot.

Use of 'kheyli' and 'ziād' as intensifiers.

وقتی می‌دوم، زود عرق می‌کنم.

When I run, I sweat quickly.

Subordinate clause with 'vaghti'.

بچه در خواب عرق کرده بود.

The baby had sweated in his sleep.

Past perfect tense.

چرا اینقدر عرق می‌کنی؟

Why are you sweating so much?

Interrogative with 'cherā' and 'inghadr'.

او هیچ‌وقت عرق نمی‌کند.

He never sweats.

Use of 'hich-vaght' with negative verb.

بعد از حمام نباید عرق کنی.

You shouldn't sweat after a bath.

Modal 'nabāyad' with subjunctive.

لباسم از عرق کردن خیس شد.

My clothes got wet from sweating.

Preposition 'az' showing cause.

آیا شما هم عرق کردید؟

Did you (plural/formal) also sweat?

Formal second person plural.

او از عصبانیت داشت عرق می‌کرد.

He was sweating from anger.

Past continuous tense.

می‌ترسم اگر جلوی بقیه حرف بزنم، عرق کنم.

I'm afraid if I speak in front of others, I'll sweat.

Subjunctive after 'mitarsam'.

او همیشه قبل از امتحان عرق سرد می‌کند.

He always gets a cold sweat before an exam.

Compound phrase 'araq-e sard kardan'.

اگر زیاد عرق کنی، بدنت کم‌آب می‌شود.

If you sweat a lot, your body becomes dehydrated.

Conditional type 1.

او سعی کرد عرق پیشانی‌اش را پاک کند.

He tried to wipe the sweat from his forehead.

Infinitive phrase with 'sa'y kardan'.

ورزشکاران حرفه‌ای خیلی سریع عرق می‌کنند.

Professional athletes sweat very quickly.

Adverbial phrase 'kheyli sari'.

آیا دارویی برای جلوگیری از عرق کردن وجود دارد؟

Is there a medicine to prevent sweating?

Formal question structure.

او با اینکه هوا سرد بود، باز هم عرق می‌کرد.

Even though the weather was cold, he was still sweating.

Concession clause with 'ba inke'.

او برای رسیدن به این مقام، سال‌ها عرق ریخت.

He poured sweat for years to reach this position.

Metaphorical use of 'araq rikhtan'.

تمام بدنش از تب شدید عرق کرده بود.

His whole body had sweated from a severe fever.

Past perfect with cause.

عرق کردن در این شرایط کاملاً طبیعی است.

Sweating in these conditions is completely natural.

Gerund as subject.

او از خجالت عرق کرده بود و نمی‌توانست حرف بزند.

He had sweated from embarrassment and couldn't speak.

Resultative past tense.

رطوبت هوا باعث شده بود که همه عرق کنند.

The humidity had caused everyone to sweat.

Causative structure with 'ba'es shodan'.

او بدون اینکه عرق کند، تمام کوه را بالا رفت.

He climbed the whole mountain without sweating.

Prepositional phrase 'bedoon-e inke'.

بوی عرق در رختکن بسیار تند بود.

The smell of sweat in the locker room was very pungent.

Noun 'araq' in a genitive construction.

او با عرق جبین نان خانواده‌اش را در می‌آورد.

He earns his family's bread with the sweat of his brow.

Idiomatic expression 'araq-e jabin'.

تراوش عرق از منافذ پوست یک فرآیند حیاتی است.

The exudation of sweat from skin pores is a vital process.

Formal/Scientific vocabulary 'tarāvosh'.

او با دیدن پلیس، عرق سردی بر پیشانی‌اش نشست.

Upon seeing the police, a cold sweat sat on his forehead.

Literary description of physical reaction.

نویسنده برای خلق این اثر، خون‌دل خورد و عرق ریخت.

The author suffered and poured sweat to create this work.

Paired idioms for intense effort.

بیمار به دلیل اختلال هورمونی، بیش از حد عرق می‌کند.

The patient sweats excessively due to a hormonal disorder.

Medical context with 'be dalil-e'.

او چنان عرق کرده بود که گویی از زیر باران آمده است.

He had sweated so much it was as if he had come from under the rain.

Simile using 'gooyi'.

عرق شرم بر پیشانی‌اش نقش بست وقتی دروغش فاش شد.

The sweat of shame appeared on his forehead when his lie was revealed.

Poetic/Formal expression.

فعالیت غدد عرق در برخی افراد بیشتر است.

The activity of sweat glands is higher in some individuals.

Scientific noun phrase 'ghodad-e araq'.

او با هر قدمی که بر می‌داشت، عرق بیشتری می‌ریخت.

With every step he took, he poured more sweat.

Proportional clause with 'ba har'.

مکانیسم تعریق بدن به منظور حفظ هومئوستازی عمل می‌کند.

The body's perspiration mechanism functions to maintain homeostasis.

High-level academic Persian.

در متون کلاسیک، عرق ریختن نمادی از تزکیه نفس است.

In classical texts, sweating is a symbol of self-purification.

Abstract literary analysis.

او از فرط اضطراب، دچار تعریق مفرط شده بود.

Due to extreme anxiety, he had developed excessive perspiration.

Use of 'fart' (excess) and 'ta'arogh' (perspiration).

این دارو ممکن است باعث مهار عرق کردن در بیمار شود.

This drug may cause the inhibition of sweating in the patient.

Formal medical phrasing.

شاعر عرق روی چهره معشوق را به شبنم گلستان تشبیه کرده است.

The poet compared the sweat on the beloved's face to the dew of the rose garden.

Literary metaphor analysis.

او با وجود کهولت سن، همچنان با عرق ریختن روزی‌اش را کسب می‌کند.

Despite his advanced age, he still earns his living through hard physical labor.

Complex sentence with 'ba vojoode'.

بررسی رابطه بین عرق کردن و سوخت‌وساز بدن در این مقاله آمده است.

The investigation of the relationship between sweating and metabolism is included in this article.

Academic research context.

او از شدت شرمساری چنان عرق کرد که گویی تمام گناهانش آب شده‌اند.

He sweated so much from the intensity of shame as if all his sins had melted away.

Highly evocative literary Persian.

よく使う組み合わせ

شدیداً عرق کردن

عرق سرد کردن

بوی عرق

غدد عرق

عرق ریزان

خیس عرق

مانع عرق کردن

عرق کردن دست

عرق کردن پیشانی

باعث عرق کردن

よく使うフレーズ

حسابی عرق کردم

— I sweated a lot / I had a good workout.

امروز در باشگاه حسابی عرق کردم.

از ترس عرق کردن

— To sweat from fear.

وقتی سگ را دید، از ترس عرق کرد.

عرق آدم در می‌آید

— It makes one sweat (referring to a difficult task or hot place).

توی این آفتاب عرق آدم در می‌آید.

عرقش خشک نشده

— His sweat hasn't dried yet (meaning he just finished a task).

هنوز عرقش خشک نشده، دوباره رفت سر کار.

تا عرق نکنی...

— Until you sweat... (often used in sports to mean 'no pain, no gain').

تا عرق نکنی، قهرمان نمی‌شوی.

عرق کردن از خجالت

— To sweat from embarrassment.

وقتی همه به او نگاه کردند، از خجالت عرق کرد.

بدن عرق کرده

— A sweaty body.

با بدن عرق کرده جلوی کولر نرو.

جلوگیری از عرق کردن

— Preventing sweating.

این پودر برای جلوگیری از عرق کردن خوب است.

عرق شبانه

— Night sweats.

او مدتی است که دچار عرق شبانه شده است.

عرق کردن زیاد

— Excessive sweating.

عرق کردن زیاد در تابستان طبیعی است.

よく混同される語

عرق کردن vs عراق (Iraq)

A country. Different spelling (Ayin vs Alef) and pronunciation.

عرق کردن vs عرق (Alcohol/Distillate)

The noun is the same, but the verb 'kardan' clarifies it as sweating.

عرق کردن vs رگ (Rag - Vein)

Sounds similar but completely unrelated.

慣用句と表現

"عرق ریختن"

— To work extremely hard or put in a lot of effort.

برای ساختن این خانه خیلی عرق ریختم.

Common

"عرق جبین"

— Literally 'sweat of the forehead'; refers to honest, hard labor.

او نانش را با عرق جبین به دست می‌آورد.

Formal/Literary

"عرق شرم"

— The sweat of shame; used when someone is deeply embarrassed.

عرق شرم بر پیشانی‌اش نشست.

Literary

"عرق سرد بر تن نشستن"

— To be struck by a sudden chill of fear or shock.

با شنیدن خبر، عرق سردی بر تنش نشست.

Descriptive

"هنوز عرقش خشک نشده"

— Used to describe someone who hasn't had a moment to rest after a task.

هنوز عرقش خشک نشده بود که دوباره صدایش کردند.

Colloquial

"عرق کسی را در آوردن"

— To make someone work very hard or to put them in a difficult position.

این امتحان عرق همه را در آورد.

Colloquial

"با عرق و خون"

— With sweat and blood; with immense sacrifice.

این آزادی با عرق و خون به دست آمده است.

Poetic

"عرق‌ریزان"

— A state of heavy sweating; can also refer to the hottest part of summer.

در این عرق‌ریزان پیاده‌روی سخت است.

Descriptive

"عرق به چهره داشتن"

— To show signs of effort or stress.

همیشه هنگام کار عرق به چهره داشت.

Literary

"عرق کردن از ترس"

— To be visibly terrified.

بیچاره داشت از ترس عرق می‌کرد.

Common

間違えやすい

عرق کردن vs عرق (Araq)

Same spelling as 'distillate'.

Context and the accompanying verb. 'Kardan' for sweat, 'Khordan' or 'Gereftan' for liquid.

من عرق نعنا خوردم (I drank mint distillate) vs من عرق کردم (I sweated).

عرق کردن vs خیس (Khis)

Both mean wet.

Khis is a general state of being wet (rain, water). Araq is specifically from the body.

زیر باران خیس شدم (I got wet in the rain).

عرق کردن vs تب (Tab)

Often occur together.

Tab is the high temperature (fever). Araq is the cooling response.

او تب داشت و عرق کرد (He had a fever and sweated).

عرق کردن vs گرم (Garm)

Cause and effect.

Garm is the adjective 'hot'. Araq kardan is the verb 'to sweat'.

هوا گرم است و من عرق می‌کنم.

عرق کردن vs تراوش (Tarāvosh)

Synonym.

Tarāvosh is formal/literary (to exude). Araq kardan is everyday speech.

تراوش عرق از پوست.

文型パターン

Man [Noun/Adverb] araq mikonam.

Man kheyli araq mikonam.

Vaghti [Verb], araq mikonam.

Vaghti midavam, araq mikonam.

Az [Emotion/Cause] araq kardan.

Az esteres araq kardam.

Ba [Noun] araq rikhtan.

Ba talāsh-e ziād araq rikhtam.

[Body Part]-ash araq kardeh bood.

Pishāni-yash araq kardeh bood.

Araq-e [Noun] bar chehreh-ash neshast.

Araq-e sharm bar chehreh-ash neshast.

Dochār-e ta'arogh-e [Adjective] shodan.

Dochār-e ta'arogh-e mofat shodan.

Ba'es-e [Gerund] shodan.

Ba'es-e araq kardan-e shadid shod.

語族

名詞

عرق (Araq) - Sweat

تعریق (Ta'arogh) - Perspiration (formal)

عرق‌گیر (Araq-gir) - Undershirt/Sweat-absorber

عرق‌سوز (Araq-sooz) - Heat rash

動詞

عرق کردن (Araq kardan) - To sweat

عرق ریختن (Araq rikhtan) - To pour sweat

形容詞

عرق‌کرده (Araq-kardeh) - Sweaty

عرق‌آلود (Araq-ālood) - Covered in sweat

ضدعرق (Zed-e araq) - Anti-perspirant

使い方

frequency

Extremely common in daily life, especially during Iranian summers or in sports contexts.

よくある間違い

Saying 'Man araq shodam'. → Man araq kardam.
In Persian, you 'do' sweat, you don't 'become' sweat. 'Shodan' is used for states like 'khis shodan' (becoming wet).
Pronouncing 'Araq' exactly like 'Iraq'. → Araq (with a deep Q).
Confusing these two can lead to funny misunderstandings, like saying 'I am Iraq-ing' instead of 'I am sweating'.
Using 'araq rikhtan' for a light sweat. → Araq kardan.
'Araq rikhtan' is an intensifier. Using it for a tiny bit of sweat sounds overly dramatic.
Forgetting the 'az' in 'sweating from heat'. → Az garmā araq kardan.
Persian requires the preposition 'az' to indicate the source or cause of the sweating.
Using 'araq' to mean sweat in a formal medical report. → Ta'arogh.
While 'araq' is understood, 'ta'arogh' is the appropriate technical term in formal medicine.

ヒント

Mastering the Auxiliary

Since 'araq kardan' is a compound verb, focus your study on the verb 'kardan'. Once you know all its tenses, you automatically know how to use hundreds of other Persian verbs.

The Qaf Secret

To pronounce the 'q' in 'araq', try to make a sound like you are clearing your throat. It's much further back than the English 'k' sound.

Expand with Adjectives

Learn 'araq-kardeh' (sweaty) to describe things. For example, 'pirāhan-e araq-kardeh' (a sweaty shirt).

The 'Hammam' Connection

Understand that sweating has historically been viewed as a cleansing process in Iran. This is why many traditional health tips involve inducing a sweat.

Describing Effort

Use 'araq rikhtan' when you want to complain about how hard you worked on something. It sounds very native and expressive.

Medical Terms

If you are at a doctor's office in Iran, use 'ta'arogh' (تعریق) if you want to sound more formal or precise about your symptoms.

Showing Empathy

If someone is sweating, offering them 'āb-e khonak' (cold water) is a very common and appreciated gesture in Iranian hospitality.

Intensifiers

Use 'hesaabi' or 'be-shoddat' to describe heavy sweating. It adds much more flavor to your sentences than just 'ziād' (a lot).

Sweat of Shame

Remember 'araq-e sharm' for stories or literature. It's a beautiful way to describe the physical manifestation of guilt or embarrassment.

Context Clues

When you hear 'araq', immediately look for a verb. If it's 'kardan', it's sweat. If it's 'khordan', it's a drink. This will save you from many misunderstandings.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine you are pushing a huge 'Rock' (sounds like Araq). You 'do' (kardan) the work of pushing the rock until you sweat. Araq + Kardan = To sweat.

視覚的連想

Visualize a cold bottle of water in the sun with droplets forming on the outside. In Persian, we say the bottle is 'sweating' (araq kardan).

Word Web

Araq (Sweat) Kardan (To do) Garmā (Heat) Varzesh (Exercise) Khis (Wet) Booy-e Araq (Body odor) Pishāni (Forehead) Araq-e Sard (Cold sweat)

チャレンジ

Try to use 'araq kardan' in three different tenses today: once for something you did, once for something you are doing, and once as a question to someone else.

語源

The word 'Araq' comes from the Arabic root 'ʿ-r-q' (عرق), which primarily means sweat or juice. In Persian, it was adopted as a loanword and combined with the native Persian auxiliary 'kardan'.

元の意味： In Arabic, the root refers to the moisture that exudes from something, whether it be a body (sweat) or a plant (sap/distillate).

Semitic (root) + Indo-European (auxiliary).

文化的な背景

Be careful not to comment on someone's body odor (booy-e araq) directly, as it is considered very rude in Iranian culture.

In English, we often say 'perspire' to be formal, but in Persian, 'araq kardan' is acceptable in almost all levels of speech, though 'ta'arogh' is the medical equivalent.

The phrase 'Araq-e Jabin' appears in classical Persian poetry to denote the dignity of labor. Modern Iranian pop songs often use 'araq' metaphorically for the intensity of a dance or a feverish love. Health segments on Iranian TV frequently discuss 'sweating' as a sign of fitness.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At the Gym

خیلی عرق کردم.
حوله برای عرق داری؟
لباسم خیس عرق شده.
باید بیشتر عرق کنی.

Talking about Weather

از گرما عرق می‌کنم.
هوا شرجی است، آدم عرق می‌کند.
عرق از سر و رویم می‌ریزد.
کولر را روشن کن، دارم عرق می‌کنم.

Medical/Health

شب‌ها عرق می‌کنید؟
عرق سرد نشانه چیست؟
بدنم خیلی عرق کرده.
عرق کردن برای بدن خوب است.

Emotional States

از استرس عرق کردم.
دست‌هایم عرق کرده.
از خجالت عرق کرد.
وقتی ترسیدم، عرق سرد کردم.

Work/Labor

با عرق جبین کار می‌کند.
خیلی برای این پروژه عرق ریختیم.
نان حلال با عرق کردن به دست می‌آید.
کارگرها زیر آفتاب عرق می‌کردند.

会話のきっかけ

"امروز خیلی گرمه، شما هم زیاد عرق می‌کنید؟ (It's very hot today, are you also sweating a lot?)"

"بعد از ورزش چقدر طول می‌کشه تا عرقتون خشک بشه؟ (How long after exercise does it take for your sweat to dry?)"

"آیا شما هم وقتی عصبی می‌شید، دستاتون عرق می‌کنه؟ (Do your hands also sweat when you get nervous?)"

"به نظر شما عرق کردن نشانه سلامتیه؟ (In your opinion, is sweating a sign of health?)"

"توی تابستون برای جلوگیری از بوی عرق چیکار می‌کنید؟ (What do you do in summer to prevent the smell of sweat?)"

日記のテーマ

امروز چه فعالیتی انجام دادی که باعث شد عرق کنی؟ توصیف کن. (What activity did you do today that made you sweat? Describe it.)

آخرین باری که از ترس یا خجالت عرق کردی کی بود؟ (When was the last time you sweated from fear or embarrassment?)

درباره اهمیت عرق ریختن و تلاش برای رسیدن به آرزوهایت بنویس. (Write about the importance of 'pouring sweat' and striving to reach your dreams.)

آیا ترجیح می‌دهی در گرما عرق کنی یا در سرما بلرزی؟ چرا؟ (Do you prefer to sweat in the heat or shiver in the cold? Why?)

توصیف کن که یک روز تابستانی در شهر تو چگونه است و مردم چطور با گرما و عرق کردن کنار می‌آیند. (Describe what a summer day is like in your city and how people cope with heat and sweating.)

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, it is a neutral and standard verb. However, commenting on someone else's sweat in a social setting should be done with care and empathy to avoid causing embarrassment.

'Araq kardan' is the general act of sweating. 'Araq rikhtan' (to pour sweat) is more emphatic and is often used to describe working very hard or sweating profusely.

It is called 'zed-e araq' (ضدعرق), which literally means 'against sweat.' You can find this on many personal care products in Iran.

Yes! In Persian, we use the same verb metaphorically for condensation on a cold surface. 'Botri araq kardeh' means the bottle has sweated.

It means 'cold sweat.' It is usually used to describe a physical reaction to extreme fear, shock, or a sudden drop in health/fever.

The phrase used is 'araq-e shabaaneh' (عرق شبانه). It is a common term used in medical discussions.

You add 'na' to the start of the auxiliary: 'araq nakardam' (I didn't sweat), 'araq nakardi' (you didn't sweat), etc.

No, as a noun it can also mean a herbal distillate or an alcoholic drink. But as part of the verb 'araq kardan', it always refers to sweating.

It is a formal/literary term for 'sweat of the forehead,' symbolizing honest hard work and the dignity of labor.

This sounds a bit strange. It's better to say 'man ziād araq mikonam' (I sweat a lot) to describe your tendency to sweat.

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