frissonner
frissonner 30秒で
- A verb for shivering or shuddering.
- Used for cold, fear, or excitement.
- Regular -er conjugation.
- Often followed by 'de' + noun.
The French verb frissonner is a vivid, sensory word that captures the involuntary physical reaction of the body to external or internal stimuli. At its core, it means to shiver or tremble, typically in response to cold, fear, or intense emotion. Unlike the more general verb trembler, which can describe a wide range of shaking (from an earthquake to a parkinsonian tremor), frissonner specifically evokes those small, rapid ripples of movement across the skin—often associated with 'goosebumps' (la chair de poule).
- Physical Sensation
- The most common use involves the body's reaction to a drop in temperature. When you step out of a warm house into a biting winter wind, you frissonnez. It is a reflexive action where the muscles contract quickly to generate heat.
- Emotional Resonance
- Beyond the physical, the word is deeply psychological. It describes the 'shiver down the spine' one feels when hearing a haunting piece of music, watching a suspenseful film, or experiencing a moment of profound awe or dread.
En entendant ce bruit étrange dans le grenier, elle a commencé à frissonner de peur.
In literature and daily conversation, frissonner is often paired with the preposition de to indicate the cause: frissonner de froid (to shiver with cold), frissonner d'horreur (to shudder with horror), or frissonner d'excitation (to tremble with excitement). It is a regular -er verb, making it one of the most accessible verbs for learners to conjugate and integrate into their vocabulary. The word carries a certain elegance; it suggests a sensitivity to one's environment. While a machine might vibrer (vibrate), only a living, feeling being can truly frissonner.
Le vent d'hiver faisait frissonner les feuilles mortes sur le sol.
- Metaphorical Use
- You can also use it for inanimate objects to create a poetic effect, such as the surface of a lake 'shivering' under a light breeze.
L'eau du lac semblait frissonner sous le souffle du vent léger.
Understanding the nuance between frissonner and its synonyms is key for A2 learners moving toward B1. While grelotter implies a more violent, teeth-chattering cold, and trembler is a generic shake, frissonner is the most versatile for expressing subtle emotional shifts. It is the word of ghost stories, romantic encounters, and the first touch of autumn. In a conversation about a movie, saying 'J'ai frissonné' tells your listener that the film moved you or scared you in a visceral way.
Using frissonner correctly requires understanding its status as an intransitive verb. This means it does not take a direct object; you don't 'shiver something,' you simply 'shiver.' However, it is almost always followed by a prepositional phrase that explains the 'why' or the 'how.'
- The 'De' Construction
- The most common structure is frissonner de [noun]. Note that in French, we often omit the article after 'de' in these idiomatic expressions of cause.
Elle frissonne de froid car elle a oublié son manteau.
When conjugating in the past tense (Passé Composé), use the auxiliary verb avoir. For example: 'J'ai frissonné.' Because it is a regular -er verb, the past participle is simply frissonné. In the Imparfait, it describes a continuous state or a background setting: 'Il frissonnait chaque fois qu'il passait devant la vieille maison.'
- Expressing Intensity
- To emphasize the shivering, you can add adverbs like légèrement (slightly), violemment (violently), or tout à coup (suddenly).
Le petit garçon a frissonné légèrement en entrant dans la salle d'examen.
Cette musique me fait frissonner d'émotion.
In more advanced contexts, you might see frissonner used with à l'idée de (at the thought of). This is a great way to express anticipation or anxiety about a future event. 'Je frissonne à l'idée de parler en public' (I shiver at the thought of speaking in public). This elevates your French from simple description to expressing complex internal states.
You will encounter frissonner in a variety of authentic French contexts, ranging from the mundane to the highly artistic. It is a staple of French literature and storytelling, but it also appears in everyday media.
- Cinema and Television
- In movie reviews or trailers for thrillers (les thrillers) and horror films (les films d'épouvante), you will often hear: 'Un film qui vous fera frissonner' (A film that will make you shiver/shudder).
Regarde ce film, tu vas frissonner du début à la fin !
In weather reports (la météo), while meteorologists usually use terms like températures glaciales, news presenters might use frissonner when interviewing people on the street during a cold snap. A person might say, 'On frissonne dès qu'on sort dehors !' (We shiver as soon as we go outside!).
- Literature and Poetry
- French writers love this word because it is evocative. It appears frequently in the works of Guy de Maupassant or Victor Hugo to describe a character's internal dread or the movement of nature.
La forêt semblait frissonner sous la lumière de la lune.
Social media also uses the noun form le frisson quite often. You might see a YouTube title like '10 histoires qui vont vous donner le frisson' (10 stories that will give you the chills). In gaming communities, players might describe a scary moment in a game by saying, 'J'ai frissonné quand le monstre est apparu.'
Even though frissonner is a straightforward verb, English speakers often fall into a few common traps due to direct translation or confusion with similar-sounding French words.
- Mistake 1: Frissonner vs. Avoir froid
- A common error is using frissonner when you simply mean 'I am cold.' In French, 'I am cold' is J'ai froid. Frissonner describes the physical action of shivering, not the state of feeling cold.
Incorrect: Je frissonne (when you just want to say you feel cold). Correct: J'ai froid, je commence à frissonner.
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Trembler'. While they are synonyms, trembler is much broader. You tremblez from old age or during an earthquake. Frissonner is more about the skin and the nerves. If you say a building is 'frissonnant' during an earthquake, it sounds like the building is scared or cold, which is poetic but likely not what you mean.
- Mistake 3: Preposition Errors
- Learners often want to say frissonner avec froid. In French, the cause of a physical reaction is almost always introduced by de. It's frissonner de peur, not avec peur.
Il frissonne de peur devant le serpent. (He shivers with fear before the snake.)
Finally, remember that frissonner is not a reflexive verb. You don't 'se frissonner.' It is a natural process that happens to you. If you use 'se,' you are changing the meaning entirely or creating a non-existent word.
To truly master the concept of shivering in French, it is helpful to compare frissonner with its close relatives. Each word carries a slightly different 'temperature' or 'vibe.'
- Grelotter
- This is the 'heavy duty' version of shivering. Grelotter implies your teeth are chattering and your whole body is shaking from extreme cold. It’s more intense than a mere frisson.
Il a attendu le bus pendant une heure sous la neige ; il grelottait de froid.
Trembler is the most general term. You can trembler de peur just like frissonner, but trembler is also used for hands shaking from age (trembler de vieillesse) or a voice shaking with anger (une voix tremblante de colère).
- Tressaillir
- This means 'to startle' or 'to jump' slightly. It’s a sudden, single movement, whereas frissonner is a sustained series of small shakes. You tressaillez when someone sneaks up on you.
Elle a tressailli au bruit de la porte qui claque.
Lastly, consider avoir la chair de poule (to have goosebumps). This is the noun-based physical equivalent. You often frissonnez and avez la chair de poule at the same time. Using these together can make your descriptions much more vivid: 'Je frissonnais tellement que j'avais la chair de poule sur tout le corps.'
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The English word 'frisson' is a direct loanword from French, maintaining the sense of an emotional 'thrill' or 'shiver'.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the final 'r' (it is silent).
- Making the 'i' sound like 'ee' in 'feet' but too long (it should be short and crisp).
- Forgetting the nasal-like quality of the 'on' (though in this word it is not fully nasalized as it is followed by 'n').
難易度
Easy to recognize due to the English cognate 'frisson'.
Requires remembering the double 'n' and the preposition 'de'.
Simple pronunciation once the silent 'er' is mastered.
Can be confused with 'prisonnier' if heard quickly in a noisy environment.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Regular -er verb conjugation in the present tense.
Je frissonne, Tu frissonnes, Il frissonne, Nous frissonnons, Vous frissonnez, Ils frissonnent.
Using 'de' without an article after verbs of feeling.
Frissonner de peur (not 'de la peur').
Causative construction with 'faire'.
Cela me fait frissonner.
Passé composé with 'avoir'.
J'ai frissonné toute la nuit.
Agreement of the past participle (not applicable here as it's intransitive and uses 'avoir').
Elle a frissonné (no 'e' at the end).
レベル別の例文
Je frissonne quand il fait froid.
I shiver when it is cold.
Present tense, 1st person singular.
Tu frissonnes ?
Are you shivering?
Question form using intonation.
Il frissonne un peu.
He is shivering a little.
Use of 'un peu' to qualify the verb.
Nous frissonnons dans la maison.
We are shivering in the house.
Present tense, 1st person plural.
Vous frissonnez, Monsieur ?
Are you shivering, Sir?
Formal 'vous' usage.
Elles frissonnent dehors.
They are shivering outside.
Present tense, 3rd person plural feminine.
Le bébé frissonne.
The baby is shivering.
Simple subject-verb sentence.
Pourquoi frissonnes-tu ?
Why are you shivering?
Inversion in a question.
J'ai frissonné de froid hier soir.
I shivered with cold last night.
Passé composé with 'avoir'.
Elle frissonne de peur au cinéma.
She shivers with fear at the cinema.
Preposition 'de' indicating cause.
Nous avons frissonné quand le vent a soufflé.
We shivered when the wind blew.
Compound tense with a subordinate clause.
Est-ce que tu frissonnes à cause du vent ?
Are you shivering because of the wind?
Using 'à cause de' for reason.
Il ne frissonne jamais, il est courageux.
He never shivers, he is brave.
Negation 'ne... jamais'.
Les enfants frissonnent de joie.
The children are shivering with joy.
Positive emotional cause.
On frissonne dans cette vieille église.
One shivers in this old church.
Impersonal 'on'.
Je frissonne parce que la fenêtre est ouverte.
I am shivering because the window is open.
Using 'parce que'.
Cette musique me fait toujours frissonner.
This music always makes me shiver.
Causative 'faire' construction.
Je frissonnais d'impatience avant le voyage.
I was shivering with impatience before the trip.
Imparfait for a continuous state.
Elle a frissonné en entendant la nouvelle.
She shivered upon hearing the news.
Gerund-like 'en' + present participle.
Si tu sortais sans pull, tu frissonnerais.
If you went out without a sweater, you would shiver.
Conditional mood.
Il est possible qu'il frissonne de fièvre.
It is possible that he is shivering with fever.
Subjunctive mood after 'il est possible que'.
Le film était si effrayant que tout le monde frissonnait.
The movie was so scary that everyone was shivering.
Consecutive clause with 'si... que'.
Je ne peux pas m'empêcher de frissonner ici.
I can't help shivering here.
Infinitive after 's'empêcher de'.
Frissonner est une réaction naturelle au froid.
Shivering is a natural reaction to the cold.
Infinitive used as a subject.
Les feuilles des arbres frissonnaient sous la brise.
The leaves of the trees were shivering under the breeze.
Metaphorical usage in descriptions.
Elle frissonna à l'idée de le revoir.
She shuddered at the thought of seeing him again.
Passé Simple (literary past tense).
Un léger frissonnement fit frissonner la surface de l'eau.
A slight ripple made the surface of the water shiver.
Using noun and verb together for effect.
Il frissonnait d'un malaise qu'il ne pouvait expliquer.
He was shivering from a malaise he couldn't explain.
Abstract emotional cause.
Bien qu'il fît chaud, l'ambiance me faisait frissonner.
Even though it was hot, the atmosphere made me shiver.
Subjunctive in a concessive clause.
Le public frissonna de plaisir lors du solo de violon.
The audience shivered with pleasure during the violin solo.
Positive aesthetic reaction.
Elle se sentit frissonner malgré elle.
She felt herself shivering despite herself.
Infinitive after a verb of perception.
Tout son être semblait frissonner de peur.
His whole being seemed to shiver with fear.
Intensifying the subject.
Le récit de ses aventures fit frissonner l'assemblée.
The tale of his adventures made the assembly shudder.
Literary causative construction.
Elle frissonna devant l'immensité du désert.
She shivered before the vastness of the desert.
Existential/Awe-based usage.
Il y a dans sa voix un grain qui fait frissonner.
There is a grain in his voice that makes one shiver.
Idiomatic 'grain de voix'.
L'hiver arrivait, faisant frissonner les derniers espoirs.
Winter was arriving, making the last hopes shiver.
Highly metaphorical/poetic.
On ne peut que frissonner devant une telle cruauté.
One can only shudder before such cruelty.
Moral reaction.
Le souvenir de cette nuit la faisait encore frissonner.
The memory of that night still made her shiver.
Temporal adverb 'encore' with causative.
Un vent de révolte commençait à faire frissonner le pays.
A wind of revolt was beginning to make the country shiver.
Political metaphor.
Elle frissonna, saisie par une intuition soudaine.
She shivered, seized by a sudden intuition.
Past participle as an adjective.
L'œuvre de Proust fait frissonner les cordes les plus sensibles de l'âme.
Proust's work vibrates the most sensitive strings of the soul.
Highly abstract and metaphorical.
Il frissonna au contact de la vérité nue.
He shuddered at the contact of the naked truth.
Philosophical usage.
La plaine frissonnait sous le joug d'un orage imminent.
The plain shivered under the yoke of an imminent storm.
Personification of landscape.
Un frissonnement sacré fit frissonner les fidèles.
A sacred shivering made the faithful tremble.
Spiritual context.
Elle frissonna d'une horreur métaphysique.
She shuddered with a metaphysical horror.
Complex philosophical adjective.
Le texte frissonne d'une vie intérieure intense.
The text shivers with an intense inner life.
Describing literature as a living entity.
Le moindre souffle d'air faisait frissonner les tentures.
The slightest breath of air made the hangings shiver.
Detailed descriptive setting.
Il frissonna de voir son destin ainsi tracé.
He shuddered to see his destiny thus mapped out.
Infinitive of cause.
類義語
反対語
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— To make someone shiver (usually with fear or excitement).
Ses histoires de fantômes font frissonner tout le monde.
— To shiver with one's whole body.
Il frissonnait de tout son corps après être tombé dans l'eau glacée.
— To shudder at the thought of something.
Je frissonne à l'idée de devoir recommencer.
— A wind cold enough to make one shiver.
Il y a un vent à faire frissonner aujourd'un dehors.
— To shake like a leaf (though 'trembler' is more common here).
Elle frissonnait comme une feuille dans le vent d'automne.
— To let something shiver or ripple.
Le vent laissait frissonner la surface de l'étang.
— To watch while shivering.
Ils regardaient le spectacle en frissonnant de froid.
— Without shivering (implying bravery or cold-resistance).
Il a affronté le danger sans frissonner.
よく混同される語
Sounds slightly similar but means 'prisoner'.
Means 'to teem' or 'to abound'.
Not a word; common misspelling by learners.
慣用句と表現
— To give someone the chills or the creeps.
Ce vieux château me donne le frisson.
Neutral— To feel a shiver, often due to illness or fear.
J'ai eu le frisson toute la nuit.
Neutral— The ultimate thrill or a major scare.
Les amateurs de saut à l'élastique cherchent le grand frisson.
Informal— To send a shiver through someone/something.
Son discours a fait passer un frisson dans la foule.
Literary— To be overcome by shivers (often medical).
Il a été pris de frissons soudains.
Neutral— A shiver down the spine.
Cette ombre m'a donné un frisson dans le dos.
Neutral— To shiver to the marrow of one's bones.
Le froid me faisait frissonner jusque dans la moelle des os.
Literary— To look for excitement or thrills.
Il voyage pour chercher le frisson de l'aventure.
Neutral間違えやすい
Both mean to shake.
Trembler is general (fear, age, earth). Frissonner is specific to shivering (cold, thrills, chills).
Le sol tremble (earthquake), mais je frissonne (cold).
Both involve shaking from cold.
Grelotter is much more intense, involving teeth chattering.
Je frissonne un peu, mais il grelotte violemment.
Both are physical reactions to emotion.
Tressaillir is a single sudden jump/start. Frissonner is a sustained shivering.
Elle tressaillit au bruit, puis frissonna de peur.
Very close synonyms.
Frémir is more literary and can describe a slight vibration or quivering (like leaves).
La mer frémit sous le vent.
Related to fear reactions.
Sursauter is 'to jump' from surprise.
J'ai sursauté quand tu es entré, et maintenant je frissonne.
文型パターン
Sujet + frissonne.
Le chat frissonne.
Sujet + frissonne + de + [nom].
Je frissonne de froid.
Sujet + a + frissonné.
Elle a frissonné.
[Chose] + fait + frissonner + [personne].
Ce vent fait frissonner Marc.
Sujet + frissonnait + quand...
Il frissonnait quand il était dehors.
Sujet + frissonne + à l'idée de + [infinitif].
Je frissonne à l'idée de partir.
En + [participe présent], Sujet...
En frissonnant, elle entra dans la pièce.
Sujet + fit + frissonner + [objet abstrait].
Le vent fit frissonner les souvenirs.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Common in literature and storytelling; moderate in daily speech.
-
Je suis frissonné.
→
Je frissonne. / J'ai frissonné.
'Frissonner' is a verb, not an adjective. You conjugate it directly.
-
Je frissonne avec froid.
→
Je frissonne de froid.
The preposition 'de' is used to show the cause of physical reactions.
-
Le bâtiment frissonne pendant le séisme.
→
Le bâtiment tremble pendant le séisme.
'Frissonner' is for living things or delicate movements; 'trembler' is for heavy shaking.
ヒント
The 'De' Rule
Always use 'de' to indicate the cause: frissonner de froid, de peur, de joie. Don't use 'avec'.
Expand your Shivers
Learn 'grelotter' for when you are REALLY cold and 'trembler' for general shaking.
Make it Poetic
Use 'frissonner' for nature (leaves, water) to make your French sound more advanced and literary.
Silent Ending
Remember that in 'frissonner', the final 'r' is silent. It sounds like 'fri-son-nay'.
Think of Frisson
If you know the English word 'frisson' (a thrill), you already know the root of this verb!
Cultural Shivers
In France, 'le grand frisson' is a common way to describe a big thrill or a scary experience.
Double N
Don't forget the double 'n' in the middle of the word. It's 'fri-sson-ner'.
Causative Use
Practice saying 'Ça me fait frissonner' to express how things affect you emotionally.
Listen for the 'Fri'
The 'fri' sound is very sharp and helps you distinguish it from other verbs like 'trembler'.
Add Adverbs
Use 'légèrement' or 'violemment' with frissonner to give more detail to your writing.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of a 'FREEZING' person who is 'ON' the verge of shaking. FREEZE-ON-ner. Or think of the English word 'FRISSON' which means a shiver of excitement.
視覚的連想
Imagine a small bird (frisson = sounds like 'faucon' or 'oisillon') shivering on a cold branch. Or imagine a thin person in a 'FRIDGE' (fri-) who is 'SON' (sound) -ing with their teeth.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to use 'frissonner' in three different ways today: once for the weather, once for a movie/song, and once for a memory. Write them in your journal!
語源
From the Old French 'friçon', which comes from the Vulgar Latin 'fritire' (to twitter or chirp), likely influenced by the Latin 'frigus' (cold).
元の意味: The original sense was related to a bird's trembling or chirping, which evolved into the physical trembling of a human.
Romance (Latin-based).文化的な背景
No specific sensitivities, but when used in a medical context, ensure it's not confused with 'convulsions'.
In English, we often use 'shiver' for cold and 'shudder' for fear. French uses 'frissonner' for both, though 'trembler' is also an option.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Weather
- Il fait un froid à frissonner.
- Je frissonne dès que je sors.
- Le vent me fait frissonner.
- On frissonne sous la neige.
Horror/Fear
- Ce film me fait frissonner.
- Elle frissonne dans le noir.
- J'ai frissonné en entendant ce cri.
- Frissonner de terreur.
Music/Art
- Sa voix me fait frissonner.
- Un morceau qui donne le frisson.
- Frissonner de plaisir.
- L'émotion m'a fait frissonner.
Health/Fever
- Il frissonne, il a de la fièvre.
- Être pris de frissons.
- Frissonner malgré la couverture.
- Le malade commence à frissonner.
Nature
- Les feuilles frissonnent.
- L'eau frissonne sous le vent.
- La terre semble frissonner.
- La forêt frissonnante.
会話のきっかけ
"Est-ce que ce film vous a fait frissonner ?"
"Pourquoi frissonnes-tu ? Tu as froid ?"
"Quelle musique te fait toujours frissonner d'émotion ?"
"As-tu déjà frissonné de peur dans une vieille maison ?"
"Est-ce que tu frissonnes facilement quand il y a du vent ?"
日記のテーマ
Décrivez un moment où vous avez frissonné de froid cet hiver.
Quel livre ou film vous a fait frissonner d'horreur récemment ?
Parlez d'une musique qui vous fait frissonner de plaisir.
Imaginez une forêt la nuit : qu'est-ce qui vous ferait frissonner ?
Pourquoi le corps humain frissonne-t-il selon vous ?
よくある質問
10 問No, it is very commonly used for fear, excitement, and even aesthetic pleasure (like hearing a great song).
'Trembler' is a broad term for shaking. 'Frissonner' is specifically for the 'shivering' or 'chills' sensation.
It is a regular -er verb using 'avoir'. Example: 'J'ai frissonné'.
No, you must use the verb: 'Je frissonne' or 'J'ai frissonné'.
It means 'to make (someone) shiver'. 'Ce film me fait frissonner'.
Yes, 'un frisson' (a shiver/thrill) and 'un frissonnement' (the act of shivering).
Yes, in a poetic or metaphorical sense, like leaves or the surface of water.
It is almost always 'frissonner de'. Example: 'frissonner de peur'.
Yes, especially in storytelling, weather descriptions, and talking about emotions.
Not at all! You can 'frissonner de plaisir' (shiver with pleasure).
Summary
Use <em>frissonner</em> when you want to describe a delicate, involuntary shake of the body caused by temperature or emotion, like 'frissonner de froid' (shivering with cold).
- A verb for shivering or shuddering.
- Used for cold, fear, or excitement.
- Regular -er conjugation.
- Often followed by 'de' + noun.
The 'De' Rule
Always use 'de' to indicate the cause: frissonner de froid, de peur, de joie. Don't use 'avec'.
Expand your Shivers
Learn 'grelotter' for when you are REALLY cold and 'trembler' for general shaking.
Make it Poetic
Use 'frissonner' for nature (leaves, water) to make your French sound more advanced and literary.
Silent Ending
Remember that in 'frissonner', the final 'r' is silent. It sounds like 'fri-son-nay'.
関連コンテンツ
healthの関連語
à condition de
B1On condition that; provided that.
à court terme
B1短期的な;近い将来に関連する。
à jeun
B1空腹で、食事の前に。これはしばしば医療検査や手術の前に要求されます。
à l'abri
B1Sheltered; safe from danger or harm.
à l'aide de
A2〜の助けを借りて、〜を使って。
à l'encontre de
B1〜に反して、〜に逆らって(助言や規則など)。
à l'hôpital
B1Located or being in a hospital.
à long terme
B1長期的な;遠い将来に関わること、または長い期間にわたること。
à risque
B1危険にさらされている、またはリスクがある状態。
à titre
B1この表現は「〜として」または「〜の資格で」を意味します。公式な場やビジネスでよく使われます。