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B1 adjective 12分で読める

surveillé

例文
解説 surveillé in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn French. The word surveillé might seem a bit long, but you can understand it in very simple contexts. Think about your parents or a teacher. When you were a child, your mother 'surveillait' you. So, if you are 'surveillé', it means someone is looking at you to make sure you are okay. You might see this word on a sign at a park or a beach. If you see 'Plage surveillée', it means there is a person (a lifeguard) who is watching the water. This is good because it means you are safe. At this level, don't worry too much about the complicated grammar. Just remember that surveillé means 'watched' or 'supervised'. You can use it to talk about simple things. For example, 'Le bébé est surveillé par son papa.' (The baby is watched by his dad). It is a passive way to say someone is taking care of someone else by looking. You also need to know that the word changes a little bit if you talk about a girl or many people. If it's a girl, we say 'surveillée'. If it's many boys, we say 'surveillés'. If it's many girls, we say 'surveillées'. But they all sound exactly the same when you speak! This makes it easier for you to use in conversation. Try to notice this word when you go to public places in France. It is a very helpful word to know for your safety and to understand who is in charge of a situation. Even at A1, knowing that 'surveillé' involves 'watching' will help you understand signs and basic instructions in schools or public areas.
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When you reach the A2 level, you can start using surveillé in more varied sentences. You might talk about your daily life, your school, or your work. In an A2 context, surveillé is often used to describe places. You can say, 'Mon quartier est très surveillé par la police.' (My neighborhood is very watched by the police). This shows you can talk about your environment. You can also use it for school life. 'Pendant l'examen, nous sommes surveillés par deux professeurs.' (During the exam, we are supervised by two teachers). This level requires you to pay more attention to the agreement of the adjective. You should be able to match 'surveillé' with the noun it describes. For example, if you talk about 'la maison' (feminine), you must write 'la maison est surveillée'. At A2, you can also start to use adverbs to make your sentences more interesting. You can say someone is 'bien surveillé' (well watched) or 'peu surveillé' (not watched much). This adds detail to your speaking and writing. You might also encounter the word in medical or safety contexts. If you are reading a simple text about a hospital, you might see 'Le patient est surveillé.' This is a key word for understanding safety measures. It's not just about seeing; it's about the responsibility of the person who is watching. This distinction is important as you move beyond basic vocabulary and start to understand the roles people play in society. A2 learners should feel comfortable identifying the 'who' and 'where' of surveillance in basic texts and conversations.
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At the B1 level, you are becoming more independent in French. You can now use surveillé to express more complex ideas about security, health, and social behavior. You understand that being surveillé can have both positive and negative connotations. On the positive side, you can talk about a 'parking surveillé' as a benefit when choosing a hotel. On the negative side, you can discuss the feeling of being 'constamment surveillé' in a job that is too strict. You can also use the word to describe personal habits, such as 'une alimentation surveillée' (a monitored diet). This shows you can apply the word to abstract concepts like health management. At B1, you should be able to explain *why* something is surveillé. For example: 'Cet endroit est surveillé car il y a eu beaucoup de vols récemment.' (This place is watched because there have been many thefts recently). You are also starting to recognize the word in the news or in more formal documents. You might hear about 'la liberté surveillée' and understand it refers to a legal status. Your grammar should be more accurate now, ensuring the agreement is correct even in complex sentences with multiple clauses. You can also distinguish between surveillé and its synonyms like 'supervisé' or 'gardé' in most situations. This level is about nuance and being able to participate in discussions about safety and privacy in a meaningful way.
At the B2 level, you have a high degree of fluency and can use surveillé in sophisticated arguments. You can talk about the 'société de surveillance' and how citizens are surveillés through their digital footprints. This involves using the word in political, ethical, and technological contexts. You can debate the pros and cons of being surveillé by AI versus human guards. Your vocabulary is rich enough to use related terms like 'vidéosurveillance' or 'sous-surveillance'. You can also use surveillé to describe a person's demeanor. 'Il a un comportement très surveillé' suggests that the person is self-conscious and careful about how they act in public. This metaphorical use of the word is typical of the B2 level, where you move beyond literal meanings. In writing, you can use the word in more complex passive structures and with a wider range of adverbs: 'étroitement surveillé', 'discrètement surveillé', 'abusivement surveillé'. You understand the legal and social implications of the term. For instance, you can discuss the rights of employees in a 'lieu de travail surveillé'. Your ability to use the word accurately in these specialized contexts shows your advanced command of the language. You are no longer just describing a lifeguard at the beach; you are analyzing the structures of power and oversight in modern society.
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The C1 level requires a deep understanding of the stylistic and philosophical nuances of surveillé. You can use it to analyze literature, such as the works of Foucault or Orwell, discussing the 'regard surveillé' as a tool of institutional power. You are sensitive to the subtle difference between surveillé and 'épié'—where the former might be for 'le bien commun' (the common good) and the latter is a violation of 'la vie privée' (private life). In professional contexts, you can draft reports or give presentations on 'les environnements surveillés' in cybersecurity or high-risk industries. You can use the word to describe linguistic registers: 'un langage extrêmement surveillé' refers to a highly polished, perhaps even artificial, way of speaking used in diplomacy or high society. This level of precision allows you to convey specific attitudes and social positions. You can also use the word in idiomatic or semi-idiomatic ways, and you are comfortable with its presence in complex legal or academic texts. Your mastery of the word includes knowing its historical etymology and how its meaning has evolved from simple 'waking/watching' to complex 'digital monitoring'. You can engage in high-level debates about the ethics of a 'monde surveillé', using the word as a cornerstone for discussing privacy, freedom, and state control. Your use of the word is seamless, accurate, and contextually perfect, reflecting a near-native grasp of French culture and thought.
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At the C2 level, your command of surveillé is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You can use the word with total precision in any context, from the most technical scientific paper to the most evocative piece of literature. You understand the word's resonance in the French collective psyche, particularly regarding the state's role in public life. You can play with the word's meanings, using it ironically or metaphorically to create specific effects in your writing. For example, you might describe a 'nature surveillée' when talking about highly manicured French gardens like Versailles, where even the plants are 'under supervision'. You can navigate the most complex grammatical structures involving the word without a second thought. You are aware of the most obscure synonyms and can explain exactly why surveillé is the only appropriate choice in a given sentence. You can analyze the evolution of the term in legal jurisprudence, such as how 'la liberté surveillée' has changed over the decades. Your understanding extends to the cultural subtext of the word—how it relates to French concepts of 'laïcité' (secularism) or 'ordre public' (public order). In your hands, surveillé is not just a vocabulary item; it is a versatile tool for expressing the most intricate thoughts on human behavior, technology, and the structure of society. You can even critique how the word is used in media to frame certain narratives about security or danger. Your proficiency is characterized by this level of critical and creative application.
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例文
The French adjective surveillé is a versatile term that primarily translates to 'watched,' 'supervised,' 'monitored,' or 'guarded' in English. It is the past participle of the verb surveiller, used here in its adjectival form to describe a state of being under observation. In French culture, the concept of being surveillé spans across various domains, from the protective gaze of a parent to the rigorous oversight of a state authority. Understanding this word requires an appreciation of its nuances: it can imply safety, such as a beach where swimmers are protected, or it can imply a lack of privacy, such as a high-security prison or a digital environment.
Safety and Protection
In the context of public safety, surveillé is often seen on signs. For example, a 'parking surveillé' indicates that vehicles are under the watch of cameras or guards, providing a sense of security to the owners. Similarly, a 'baignade surveillée' tells families that lifeguards are present, making the beach a safe place for children to swim.

Les enfants jouent dans un parc surveillé par des agents municipaux.

In academic settings, the word is indispensable. An 'examen surveillé' is a proctored exam where students are monitored to prevent cheating. This use highlights the element of control and discipline inherent in the word. In medical contexts, a 'patient surveillé' is one whose vital signs are being closely tracked, often in an intensive care unit. Here, the word takes on a life-saving connotation, representing the constant attention of medical professionals.
Control and Authority
When applied to social or political contexts, surveillé can describe a population or an individual under government or police observation. A 'suspect surveillé' is someone the police are keeping an eye on. In literary discussions, particularly when talking about George Orwell's 1984, the phrase 'Big Brother vous surveille' is the classic translation of 'Big Brother is watching you,' cementing the word's link to surveillance states.

Dans ce régime autoritaire, chaque citoyen se sent constamment surveillé.

Beyond these formal uses, the word can also describe a style of behavior or speech. 'Un langage surveillé' refers to someone who is speaking very carefully, perhaps to avoid offense or to appear more sophisticated. This suggests a self-monitoring process where the individual acts as their own supervisor.
Digital Context
In the modern era, surveillé is frequently used in discussions about data privacy and internet usage. Websites that track user behavior or networks that monitor traffic are described using this term, often sparking debates about the balance between security and liberty.

Notre activité en ligne est plus surveillée que nous ne le pensons.

Le prisonnier est surveillé vingt-quatre heures sur vingt-quatre.

Le périmètre de la centrale nucléaire est strictement surveillé.

Using surveillé correctly in a sentence involves more than just knowing its definition; it requires understanding its grammatical behavior as an adjective derived from a past participle. In French, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. This is the first rule to master. For a masculine singular noun like 'un enfant,' you use surveillé. For a feminine singular noun like 'une zone,' you add an 'e' to get surveillée. Plural forms follow suit: 'des parkings surveillés' and 'des plages surveillées'.
The Passive Voice
Very often, surveillé appears in passive constructions using the verb être (to be). For example, 'Il est surveillé par la police.' This structure emphasizes that the subject is the recipient of the watching action. You can also use it with other state verbs like rester (to stay) or paraître (to seem). 'Le suspect doit rester surveillé,' means the suspect must remain under watch.

La frontière est étroitement surveillée par les gardes-frontières.

When modifying a noun directly, surveillé usually follows the noun, which is the standard position for most French adjectives, especially those that are long or derived from verbs. For instance, 'un appartement surveillé' (a monitored apartment). If you place it before the noun, it might sound poetic or archaic, which is generally avoided in modern conversation.
Abstract Usage
The word isn't just for physical watching. It applies to abstract concepts like language or behavior. 'Il a un ton très surveillé' means he has a very controlled or guarded tone. This implies that the person is carefully choosing their words to maintain a certain image or level of professionalism.

Le ministre a répondu aux questions d'un air surveillé.

Another common usage is in the context of health and diet. One might say, 'un régime surveillé,' meaning a monitored diet, often by a doctor or nutritionist. This highlights the word's flexibility in describing any situation where oversight is present.
Common Phrasal Patterns
1. [Noun] + [surveillé] + par + [Agent]: 'Le site est surveillé par vidéo.' 2. [Être] + [surveillé] + de près: 'Il est surveillé de près.' (He is being watched closely.) 3. [Sous] + [un regard] + [surveillé]: 'Travailler sous un regard surveillé.' (To work under a watchful eye.)

Les accès au bâtiment sont surveillés électroniquement.

L'évolution de la maladie est surveillée par les spécialistes.

Un périmètre surveillé garantit la sécurité des invités.

The word surveillé is ubiquitous in Francophone daily life, appearing in both mundane and high-stakes environments. If you walk through a French city like Paris or Lyon, you will inevitably encounter it on signs. 'Site surveillé par caméra' is a standard warning in shops, banks, and public squares. This serves as both a deterrent for crime and a notice of legal surveillance. In the news, you will hear it during reports on high-profile legal cases. Journalists might describe a suspect as being 'sous un régime de liberté surveillée,' which is the French term for being on parole or under supervised release.
Education and Childhood
In schools, the term is part of the vocabulary of discipline. During the 'récréation' (recess), teachers are 'de surveillance,' and the courtyard is a 'cour surveillée.' Parents also use it when discussing daycare or after-school programs, asking if the activities are 'bien surveillées' to ensure their children's safety.

Le centre de loisirs propose des jeux surveillés pour tous les âges.

Medical Settings
In a hospital, if a doctor says a patient is 'sous surveillance' or is a 'patient surveillé,' it indicates a higher level of care. It means the medical staff is not just checking in occasionally but is actively monitoring heart rate, breathing, or other vital signs. This is common in the 'salle de réveil' (recovery room) after surgery.

Après son opération, il est resté en unité de soins surveillés.

In the workplace, particularly in industrial or high-security sectors, employees might work in a 'zone surveillée.' This could be for safety reasons, such as in a chemical plant, or for security reasons, such as in a data center. The word here implies that every movement is logged or observed.
Literature and Philosophy
The word is also a favorite in French philosophical discourse. Michel Foucault's famous work 'Surveiller et punir' (Discipline and Punish) explores the history of the prison system and the concept of a society that is constantly surveillée. Students of sociology or philosophy will encounter this word frequently in this academic context.

Le philosophe analyse comment l'individu est surveillé par les institutions.

Le parking est surveillé par un gardien de nuit.

Une alimentation surveillée est essentielle pour sa santé.

One of the most common mistakes English speakers make with surveillé is confusing it with the English word 'surveyed.' While they look similar, their meanings are quite different. In English, 'to survey' often means to conduct a poll or to look over a landscape. In French, surveillé specifically means being watched for the purpose of supervision or security. If you want to say a land was surveyed, you would use 'arpenté' or 'étudié.' Using surveillé in that context would imply the land is being guarded by police!
Confusion with 'Regardé'
Another frequent error is using 'regardé' when surveillé is required. 'Regardé' simply means 'looked at.' If a teacher is watching students during an exam, they are not just 'looking' at them; they are supervising them. Therefore, 'Les élèves sont surveillés' is correct, whereas 'Les élèves sont regardés' sounds like they are being stared at for no specific reason.

Faux ami : 'Surveyed' ≠ Surveillé. 'Watched' or 'Supervised' = Surveillé.

Misusing 'Contrôlé'
Learners often swap surveillé with 'contrôlé.' While there is overlap, 'contrôlé' implies an active check or verification (like checking a ticket or a passport), while surveillé implies a continuous state of watching. You 'contrôle' a passport at the border, but you 'surveille' the border itself to make sure no one crosses illegally.

Le policier a contrôlé mon identité, puis m'a laissé dans la zone surveillée.

Some students also struggle with the preposition that follows surveillé when used as a past participle in the passive voice. Always use 'par' to indicate the agent. 'Il est surveillé par son patron' (He is watched by his boss). Using 'de' is incorrect here, which is a common confusion since some French passive verbs use 'de' (like 'aimé de tous').
Spelling Slip-ups
Watch out for the double 'l' and the accent on the 'é'. Forgetting the accent changes the word to the imperative or a different verb form, and missing an 'l' is a classic spelling error even for native speakers sometimes. Also, remember that in the feminine plural, it's 'surveillées'—two 'e's and an 's'.

Attention à l'orthographe : S-U-R-V-E-I-L-L-É.

Une erreur courante est d'oublier l'accord : 'Les voitures sont surveillé' est faux.

N'utilisez pas 'surveillé' pour dire 'enquêté' (investigated).

While surveillé is the most common word for being watched, French offers several synonyms that carry different shades of meaning depending on the intensity and the intent of the observation. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more like a native speaker and express yourself more precisely.
Épié vs. Surveillé
'Épié' is much more intense and usually negative. It means 'to be spied on.' While surveillé can be for your own safety (like a lifeguard watching you), 'épié' always implies that someone is watching you secretly, often with malicious intent or to uncover a secret. If you feel someone is looking through a keyhole at you, you are 'épié,' not just surveillé.

Le détective a épié les moindres faits et gestes de la cible.

Gardé vs. Surveillé
'Gardé' means 'guarded' or 'kept.' This is often used for physical objects or prisoners. 'Un trésor gardé' is a treasure that is protected from theft. While a 'prisonnier surveillé' is being watched, a 'prisonnier gardé' emphasizes that he is being prevented from escaping. Surveillé is about the eyes; 'gardé' is about the physical presence and prevention of movement.
Supervisé
'Supervisé' is the direct equivalent of 'supervised' in a professional or educational context. It sounds slightly more formal and administrative than surveillé. A 'travail supervisé' suggests that a manager is overseeing the quality of the work, whereas 'travail surveillé' might imply they are just making sure you are actually working.

Le stagiaire effectue ses tâches sous un mode supervisé.

Inspecté
If the watching involves a detailed examination to find faults or ensure standards, 'inspecté' is the better choice. A 'véhicule inspecté' has undergone a thorough check, while a 'véhicule surveillé' is just being watched so no one steals it.

Chaque pièce de l'avion est inspectée avant le décollage.

Le périmètre est patrouillé par des chiens de garde.

Il se sent guetté par l'ombre dans le couloir.

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レベル別の例文

1

L'enfant est surveillé par sa maman.

The child is watched by his mom.

Agreement: surveillé matches 'enfant' (masculine singular).

2

Le parc est surveillé.

The park is watched/supervised.

'Parc' is masculine singular.

3

La plage est surveillée.

The beach is supervised.

Agreement: surveillée matches 'plage' (feminine singular).

4

Les bébés sont surveillés.

The babies are watched.

Agreement: surveillés (masculine plural).

5

Ma chambre n'est pas surveillée.

My room is not watched.

Negative structure: ne...pas.

6

Est-ce que le chat est surveillé ?

Is the cat being watched?

Question using 'Est-ce que'.

7

Les filles sont surveillées à l'école.

The girls are supervised at school.

Agreement: surveillées (feminine plural).

8

Le vélo est surveillé par mon ami.

The bike is watched by my friend.

Passive voice with 'par'.

1

Ce parking est surveillé par des caméras.

This parking lot is monitored by cameras.

Use of 'par' to indicate the means of surveillance.

2

Les élèves sont surveillés pendant la récréation.

The students are supervised during recess.

Context of school supervision.

3

Ma valise est surveillée à la gare.

My suitcase is watched at the station.

Feminine singular agreement.

4

Il est surveillé par son grand-père.

He is watched by his grandfather.

Family context.

5

La zone est surveillée vingt-quatre heures sur vingt-quatre.

The area is watched 24/7.

Common time expression: 24h/24.

6

Est-ce que vos enfants sont surveillés ?

Are your children supervised?

Question with inversion/intonation.

7

Le magasin est bien surveillé.

The store is well monitored.

Adverb 'bien' modifying the adjective.

8

Les entrées sont surveillées par un gardien.

The entrances are watched by a guard.

Feminine plural agreement.

1

Il suit un régime alimentaire très surveillé.

He follows a very monitored diet.

Abstract use: monitored health/diet.

2

Le patient est surveillé de près après l'opération.

The patient is closely monitored after the surgery.

Adverbial phrase 'de près' (closely).

3

L'examen sera surveillé par trois professeurs différents.

The exam will be proctored by three different teachers.

Future tense of 'être'.

4

C'est un quartier calme et très surveillé.

It's a quiet and very monitored neighborhood.

Coordination with 'et'.

5

Elle a un langage très surveillé en public.

She has a very controlled way of speaking in public.

Metaphorical use for speech/behavior.

6

Les données personnelles sont de plus en plus surveillées.

Personal data is more and more monitored.

Passive voice in a digital context.

7

Le suspect est surveillé par la police depuis une semaine.

The suspect has been watched by the police for a week.

Use of 'depuis' with the present tense.

8

Nous travaillons dans un environnement surveillé.

We work in a monitored environment.

Adjective following the noun.

1

L'accès au site nucléaire est strictement surveillé.

Access to the nuclear site is strictly monitored.

Adverb 'strictement' for emphasis.

2

Les réseaux sociaux sont surveillés par des algorithmes.

Social networks are monitored by algorithms.

Modern technological context.

3

Il vit sous un régime de liberté surveillée.

He lives under a system of supervised release (parole).

Legal terminology.

4

Leurs moindres faits et gestes sont surveillés.

Their every move is watched.

Set phrase: 'faits et gestes'.

5

Un ton surveillé peut parfois paraître froid.

A guarded tone can sometimes seem cold.

Adjective as a subject attribute.

6

La frontière reste surveillée malgré la fin du conflit.

The border remains watched despite the end of the conflict.

Use of 'rester' as a state verb.

7

Les prix sont surveillés par une association de consommateurs.

Prices are monitored by a consumer association.

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