कीटाणु 30秒で
- कीटाणु (keetaanu) means germ: a tiny, often invisible organism that causes disease.
- Used when talking about health, hygiene, and preventing sickness.
- Essential for understanding basic health and hygiene concepts in Hindi.
- Focus on microscopic nature and disease-causing ability.
The Hindi word कीटाणु (keetaanu) refers to a germ, a tiny living organism that is often too small to be seen without a microscope. These microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, are frequently associated with causing diseases and infections. People use this word when discussing health, hygiene, and the spread of illnesses. For instance, when advising someone to wash their hands, the reason given is often to get rid of कीटाणु to prevent getting sick. It's a common term in everyday conversations about staying healthy, especially when talking about children's health or public health warnings.
- Common Situations
- Discussing illnesses and how they spread.
- Emphasizing the importance of cleanliness and hygiene.
- Talking about preventive measures against diseases.
- When a doctor or health professional explains a medical condition.
हाथों को अच्छी तरह धोना चाहिए ताकि कीटाणु मर जाएँ। (Haathon ko achhi tarah dhona chahiye taaki keetaanu mar jaayen.) - Hands should be washed well so that germs die.
- Etymology Insight
- The word कीटाणु is derived from Sanskrit, where 'कीट' (keet) can mean insect or worm, and 'अणु' (anu) means atom or particle. Thus, it metaphorically refers to tiny particles that can 'infest' or cause harm, much like insects, but on a microscopic scale.
खाने से पहले हमेशा फल और सब्ज़ियों को धोना चाहिए क्योंकि उन पर कीटाणु हो सकते हैं। (Khane se pehle hamesha phal aur sabziyon ko dhona chahiye kyunki un par keetaanu ho sakte hain.) - Fruits and vegetables should always be washed before eating because they can have germs on them.
Using कीटाणु (keetaanu) in sentences is straightforward, especially when discussing health and hygiene. It functions as a noun and is typically used in the plural form when referring to germs in general, although the singular form can be used to refer to a specific type or instance of a germ. The word often appears in contexts related to cleanliness, sickness, and prevention.
- Sentence Structures
- Subject + Verb + कीटाणु: This is common when stating that something contains or has germs. For example, 'इस पानी में कीटाणु हैं।' (Is paani mein keetaanu hain.) - There are germs in this water.
- कीटाणु + Verb + Object: This structure highlights the action of germs. For instance, 'कीटाणु बीमारी फैलाते हैं।' (Keetaanu bimari phailate hain.) - Germs spread disease.
- Verb + Object + कीटाणु + Prepositional Phrase: Used when talking about eliminating or preventing germs. For example, 'हमें कीटाणु से बचना चाहिए।' (Hamein keetaanu se bachna chahiye.) - We should avoid germs.
साफ-सफाई रखने से कीटाणु पनप नहीं पाते। (Saaf-safai rakhne se keetaanu panap nahin paate.) - By maintaining cleanliness, germs cannot thrive.
- Common Verbs Used With कीटाणु
- पनपना (panapna) - to thrive, to grow (e.g., कीटाणु पनपते हैं - germs thrive)
- फैलना (phailna) - to spread (e.g., कीटाणु फैलते हैं - germs spread)
- मारना (maarna) - to kill (e.g., कीटाणु मारना - to kill germs)
- रोकना (rokna) - to prevent (e.g., कीटाणु रोकना - to prevent germs)
The word कीटाणु (keetaanu) is a common term heard in various everyday situations in Hindi-speaking environments. It's frequently used in homes, schools, hospitals, and public health announcements. Parents often use it when teaching children about hygiene, like reminding them to wash their hands before eating or after playing outside. Doctors and nurses use it when explaining the cause of an illness or advising on preventive measures. Media, such as news channels or public service advertisements, also frequently employs this word when discussing outbreaks of diseases or promoting healthy habits.
- Examples of Usage
- In a household: 'बच्चों, खाना खाने से पहले हाथ कीटाणु मुक्त करो!' (Bachchon, khana khane se pehle haath keetaanu mukt karo!) - Children, make your hands germ-free before eating!
- At a clinic: 'यह कीटाणु का संक्रमण है, इसलिए दवा लेनी पड़ेगी।' (Yah keetaanu ka sankraman hai, isliye dava leni padegi.) - This is a germ infection, so medicine will have to be taken.
- Public announcement: 'सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर कीटाणु फैलने का खतरा रहता है, मास्क पहनें।' (Sarvajanik sthanon par keetaanu phailne ka khatra rehta hai, mask pehnein.) - There is a risk of germs spreading in public places, wear a mask.
डॉक्टर ने बताया कि दवा कीटाणु को खत्म कर देगी। (Doctor ne bataya ki dava keetaanu ko khatm kar degi.) - The doctor said that the medicine would kill the germs.
- Educational Contexts
- In science classes, teachers explain about microscopic organisms and use कीटाणु to represent harmful bacteria and viruses.
- Health education pamphlets and posters often feature this word to educate the public about preventing the spread of diseases.
While कीटाणु (keetaanu) is a common word, learners might make a few mistakes when using it. One common error is confusing it with larger organisms or using it in contexts where it doesn't fit. For instance, using कीटाणु to refer to visible insects or pests would be incorrect. While the etymology might hint at 'insects', in modern usage, कीटाणु specifically refers to microscopic organisms that cause disease.
- Mistake 1: Using for Visible Pests
- Incorrect: 'मेरे कमरे में कीटाणु हैं, मुझे चूहा दिख रहा है।' (Mere kamre mein keetaanu hain, mujhe chooha dikh raha hai.) - There are germs in my room, I see a mouse.
- Correct: 'मेरे कमरे में कीट (keet) हैं, मुझे चूहा दिख रहा है।' (Mere kamre mein keet hain, mujhe chooha dikh raha hai.) - There are pests in my room, I see a mouse. (Here, 'कीट' - keet, meaning insect/pest, is the appropriate word.)
- Explanation: कीटाणु refers to microscopic disease-causing agents, not visible insects or rodents.
यह कीटाणु बहुत छोटे होते हैं और नंगी आँखों से दिखाई नहीं देते। (Yah keetaanu bahut chhote hote hain aur nangi aankhon se dikhai nahin dete.) - These germs are very small and cannot be seen with the naked eye.
- Mistake 2: Grammatical Agreement
- Incorrect: 'एक कीटाणु बीमारी फैला सकता है।' (Ek keetaanu bimari phaila sakta hai.) - A germ can spread disease. (While grammatically possible, it's less common to use the singular for general discussion.)
- Correct: 'कीटाणु बीमारी फैलाते हैं।' (Keetaanu bimari phailate hain.) - Germs spread disease.
- Explanation: Although कीटाणु can be used in the singular, it's more natural and common in Hindi to use the plural form when talking about germs in a general sense, especially when they are the subject of the sentence and the verb agrees accordingly.
While कीटाणु (keetaanu) is the most common and direct translation for 'germ', there are related terms and sometimes alternative ways to express the concept, depending on the context and desired nuance.
- Word: जीवाणु (jeevanu)
- Meaning: Bacterium. This is a more specific term referring to a type of microorganism.
- Comparison: कीटाणु is a broader term that can include bacteria, viruses, and other microscopic pathogens. जीवाणु specifically refers to bacteria.
- Example: 'इस जीवाणु से पेट खराब हो सकता है।' (Is jeevanu se pet kharab ho sakta hai.) - This bacterium can cause an upset stomach.
- Word: विषाणु (vishaṇu)
- Meaning: Virus. This is another specific term for a type of microorganism.
- Comparison: Similar to जीवाणु, विषाणु is a specific category of pathogen. कीटाणु is the umbrella term that encompasses both bacteria and viruses, as well as other infectious agents.
- Example: 'सर्दी-जुकाम अक्सर विषाणु के कारण होता है।' (Sardi-zukam aksar vishaṇu ke karan hota hai.) - Colds and flu are often caused by viruses.
यह कीटाणु बहुत खतरनाक हो सकते हैं। (Yah keetaanu bahut khatarnak ho sakte hain.) - These germs can be very dangerous.
- Word: रोगाणु (rogaṇu)
- Meaning: Pathogen. This term refers to any agent that causes disease.
- Comparison: रोगाणु is a very broad term that includes not only microscopic organisms but also sometimes larger agents like parasites or even toxins. कीटाणु usually implies microscopic agents.
- Example: 'बीमारी फैलाने वाले सभी रोगाणु को पहचानना मुश्किल है।' (Bimari phailane wale sabhi rogaṇu ko pahachanna mushkil hai.) - It is difficult to identify all pathogens that spread disease.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The etymology reflects an ancient understanding of microscopic threats. While 'कीट' refers to visible insects, the addition of 'अणु' signifies that these harmful entities are incredibly small, akin to atoms or particles, foreshadowing the concept of microorganisms.
発音ガイド
- Misplacing stress: Saying 'KEE-taanu' or 'keetaa-NUU' instead of 'kee-TAA-nu'.
- Pronouncing 'णु' (nu) incorrectly: Some learners might pronounce it too softly or too hard.
- Confusing with similar-sounding words: Ensuring the distinct 'taa' sound is used.
難易度
CEFR A2 level. The word itself is simple, but understanding its context in health and hygiene discussions requires basic comprehension of related vocabulary. Sentences are generally short and direct.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Pluralization of Nouns
The word कीटाणु itself is often used in its plural form, agreeing with plural verbs. For example, 'कीटाणु फैलते हैं' (Germs spread).
Postpositions like 'से' (se) and 'में' (mein)
We use 'से' to talk about avoiding germs ('कीटाणुओं से बचना' - to avoid germs) and 'में' to indicate presence ('पानी में कीटाणु' - germs in water).
The verb 'होना' (hona - to be/to happen) with possibility
To express possibility, we use 'हो सकते हैं' (ho sakte hain - can be/may be). For example, 'पानी में कीटाणु हो सकते हैं।' (There can be germs in the water.)
The auxiliary verb 'चाहिए' (chahiye - should)
To give advice about hygiene, 'चाहिए' is used. For instance, 'हमें हाथ धोने चाहिए ताकि कीटाणु न रहें।' (We should wash hands so that germs do not remain.)
Adjective + Noun construction
Describing germs, we use adjectives before the noun. For example, 'हानिकारक कीटाणु' (harmful germs).
レベル別の例文
पानी गंदा है।
Water is dirty.
Simple sentence structure. 'पानी' (paani - water) is the subject.
मुझे जुकाम है।
I have a cold.
Expressing a common ailment.
हाथ धो लो।
Wash your hands.
Imperative verb 'धो लो' (dho lo - wash).
यह अच्छा नहीं है।
This is not good.
Simple negation using 'नहीं' (nahin).
मैं बीमार हूँ।
I am sick.
Expressing a state of being.
साफ रखो।
Keep it clean.
Simple command.
यह गंदा है।
This is dirty.
Describing something as dirty.
खाना खाओ।
Eat food.
Simple command to eat.
हाथों पर कीटाणु होते हैं।
There are germs on hands.
Introduction of the target word in a simple sentence structure.
हमें कीटाणु से बचना चाहिए।
We should avoid germs.
Using the modal verb 'चाहिए' (chahiye - should) with the preposition 'से' (se - from/with).
यह कीटाणु बीमारी फैलाते हैं।
These germs spread disease.
Plural subject 'कीटाणु' followed by a plural verb 'फैलाते हैं' (phailate hain - spread).
खाने से पहले हाथ कीटाणु मुक्त करें।
Make hands germ-free before eating.
Using 'कीटाणु मुक्त' (keetaanu mukt - germ-free) as an adjective phrase.
पानी में कीटाणु हो सकते हैं।
There can be germs in the water.
Using 'हो सकते हैं' (ho sakte hain - can be) to express possibility.
साफ-सफाई से कीटाणु नहीं पनपते।
Germs do not thrive with cleanliness.
Using negation 'नहीं' (nahin) with the verb 'पनपते' (panapte - thrive).
डॉक्टर ने कीटाणु के बारे में बताया।
The doctor told about germs.
Using the prepositional phrase 'कीटाणु के बारे में' (keetaanu ke baare mein - about germs).
बच्चों को कीटाणु से बचाना ज़रूरी है।
It is important to protect children from germs.
Using the adjective 'ज़रूरी' (zaruri - important) with the infinitive phrase.
अस्पताल में कीटाणु के संक्रमण को नियंत्रित करना एक बड़ी चुनौती है।
Controlling germ infections in hospitals is a big challenge.
More complex sentence structure with abstract nouns like 'संक्रमण' (sankraman - infection) and 'चुनौती' (chunauti - challenge).
पर्याप्त सफाई न होने के कारण कीटाणु आसानी से फैल सकते हैं।
Due to insufficient cleanliness, germs can spread easily.
Using causal conjunctions like 'के कारण' (ke karan - due to) and adverbs like 'आसानी से' (aasani se - easily).
वैज्ञानिक कीटाणु के नए रूपों का अध्ययन कर रहे हैं।
Scientists are studying new forms of germs.
Using the verb 'अध्ययन कर रहे हैं' (adhyayan kar rahe hain - are studying) and the concept of 'रूपों' (roopon - forms).
हमें व्यक्तिगत स्वच्छता पर ध्यान देना चाहिए ताकि कीटाणु हमारे शरीर में प्रवेश न कर सकें।
We should pay attention to personal hygiene so that germs cannot enter our bodies.
Using purpose clauses with 'ताकि' (taaki - so that) and the verb 'प्रवेश न कर सकें' (pravesh na kar sakein - cannot enter).
फलों को अच्छी तरह धोने से उन पर मौजूद कीटाणु नष्ट हो जाते हैं।
Washing fruits thoroughly destroys the germs present on them.
Using participial phrases and the verb 'नष्ट हो जाते हैं' (nasht ho jaate hain - are destroyed).
एलर्जी अक्सर कीटाणु के प्रति शरीर की प्रतिक्रिया के कारण होती है।
Allergies are often caused by the body's reaction to germs.
Using abstract nouns like 'एलर्जी' (allergy) and 'प्रतिक्रिया' (pratikriya - reaction) and the possessive 'की' (ki).
सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर कीटाणु के प्रसार को रोकने के लिए विशेष उपाय किए जा रहे हैं।
Special measures are being taken to prevent the spread of germs in public places.
Using passive voice 'किए जा रहे हैं' (kiye ja rahe hain - are being done) and words like 'प्रसार' (prasar - spread) and 'उपाय' (upay - measures).
हमारे इम्यून सिस्टम का मुख्य कार्य कीटाणु से लड़ना है।
The main function of our immune system is to fight germs.
Using possessive case and the infinitive phrase 'से लड़ना है' (se ladna hai - is to fight).
किसी भी कीटाणु के प्रति प्रतिरोधक क्षमता विकसित करना एक जटिल जैविक प्रक्रिया है।
Developing immunity against any germ is a complex biological process.
Using advanced vocabulary like 'प्रतिरोधक क्षमता' (pratirodhak kshamta - immunity), 'विकसित करना' (viksit karna - to develop), 'जटिल' (jatil - complex), and 'जैविक प्रक्रिया' (jaivik prakriya - biological process).
पर्यावरण में मौजूद कीटाणु मानव स्वास्थ्य के लिए निरंतर खतरा बने हुए हैं।
Germs present in the environment remain a constant threat to human health.
Using phrases like 'पर्यावरण में मौजूद' (paryavaran mein maujood - present in the environment) and 'निरंतर खतरा बने हुए हैं' (nirantar khatra bane hue hain - remain a constant threat).
यह आवश्यक है कि हम कीटाणु के प्रसार को रोकने के लिए नवीनतम वैज्ञानिक निष्कर्षों का पालन करें।
It is essential that we follow the latest scientific findings to prevent the spread of germs.
Using subjunctive mood with 'आवश्यक है कि' (aavashyak hai ki - it is essential that) and phrases like 'नवीनतम वैज्ञानिक निष्कर्षों' (naveentam vaigyanik nishkarshon - latest scientific findings).
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य संगठन कीटाणु जनित बीमारियों के उन्मूलन के लिए वैश्विक सहयोग का आह्वान करता है।
The World Health Organization calls for global cooperation to eradicate germ-borne diseases.
Using formal vocabulary like 'अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य संगठन' (antarrashtriya swasthya sangathan - International Health Organization), 'जनित' (janit - borne/caused by), and 'उन्मूलन' (unmoolan - eradication), and 'आह्वान करता है' (aahvaan karta hai - calls for).
भोजन को ठीक से पकाने से उसमें मौजूद हानिकारक कीटाणु मर जाते हैं।
Cooking food properly kills the harmful germs present in it.
Using the phrase 'ठीक से पकाने से' (theek se pakane se - by cooking properly) and 'हानिकारक' (haanikarak - harmful).
कुछ कीटाणु एंटीबायोटिक दवाओं के प्रति प्रतिरोधी हो गए हैं, जिससे उनका इलाज मुश्किल हो गया है।
Some germs have become resistant to antibiotics, making their treatment difficult.
Using terms like 'एंटीबायोटिक दवाओं' (antibiotic davaon - antibiotic medicines) and 'प्रतिरोधी' (pratirodhi - resistant), and the phrase 'इलाज मुश्किल हो गया है' (ilaaj mushkil ho gaya hai - treatment has become difficult).
टीकाकरण कीटाणु के खिलाफ एक प्रभावी निवारक उपाय साबित हुआ है।
Vaccination has proven to be an effective preventive measure against germs.
Using formal terms like 'टीकाकरण' (teekakaran - vaccination), 'निवारक उपाय' (nivarak upay - preventive measure), and 'साबित हुआ है' (saabit hua hai - has proven).
हमें अपने आस-पास के वातावरण को कीटाणु मुक्त रखने के लिए निरंतर प्रयास करने चाहिए।
We must make continuous efforts to keep our surrounding environment germ-free.
Using phrases like 'आस-पास के वातावरण' (aas-paas ke vaatavaran - surrounding environment) and 'निरंतर प्रयास' (nirantar prayas - continuous efforts).
एक सूक्ष्मजीवविज्ञानी के दृष्टिकोण से, कीटाणु न केवल रोगजनक हो सकते हैं, बल्कि पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका भी निभा सकते हैं।
From a microbiologist's perspective, germs can not only be pathogenic but also play significant roles in ecosystems.
Using specialized terminology like 'सूक्ष्मजीवविज्ञानी' (sukshmajeevvigyani - microbiologist), 'रोगजनक' (rogajanak - pathogenic), 'पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र' (paristhitiki tantra - ecosystem), and 'महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा सकते हैं' (mahatvapurna bhumika nibha sakte hain - can play significant roles).
आधुनिक चिकित्सा ने कीटाणु जनित बीमारियों के उपचार में अभूतपूर्व प्रगति की है, फिर भी कुछ संक्रमण अभी भी दुर्दम्य बने हुए हैं।
Modern medicine has made unprecedented progress in treating germ-borne diseases, yet some infections still remain intractable.
Employing sophisticated vocabulary such as 'आधुनिक चिकित्सा' (aadhunik chikitsa - modern medicine), 'अभूतपूर्व प्रगति' (abhootpoorva pragati - unprecedented progress), 'फिर भी' (phir bhi - yet), and 'दुर्दम्य' (durdamya - intractable).
जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण कीटाणु के वितरण और विषाणुता में परिवर्तन आने की आशंका है।
Due to climate change, changes in the distribution and virulence of germs are anticipated.
Using advanced concepts like 'जलवायु परिवर्तन' (jalvayu parivartan - climate change), 'वितरण' (vitaran - distribution), 'विषाणुता' (vishaṇuta - virulence), and 'आशंका है' (aashanka hai - is anticipated).
जैविक युद्ध के संदर्भ में, कीटाणु को हथियार के रूप में इस्तेमाल करने की क्षमता एक गंभीर वैश्विक चिंता का विषय है।
In the context of biological warfare, the potential to use germs as weapons is a serious global concern.
Incorporating formal and serious terminology like 'जैविक युद्ध' (jaivik yuddh - biological warfare), 'हथियार के रूप में' (hathiyaar ke roop mein - as weapons), 'क्षमता' (kshamta - potential/capability), and 'गंभीर वैश्विक चिंता का विषय' (gambhir vaishvik chinta ka vishay - a serious global concern).
मानव स्वास्थ्य पर कीटाणु के प्रभाव का अध्ययन करते समय, उनके सहजीवी संबंधों को भी ध्यान में रखना महत्वपूर्ण है।
When studying the impact of germs on human health, it is important to also consider their symbiotic relationships.
Using complex sentence structures and terms like 'सहजीवी संबंध' (sahajeevi sambandh - symbiotic relationships) and 'ध्यान में रखना महत्वपूर्ण है' (dhyan mein rakhna mahatvapurna hai - it is important to keep in mind).
संक्रमण नियंत्रण रणनीतियों में कीटाणु की उत्तरजीविता और संक्रामकता को समझना सर्वोपरि है।
Understanding the survival and infectivity of germs is paramount in infection control strategies.
Utilizing advanced terms like 'संक्रमण नियंत्रण रणनीतियों' (sankraman niyantran rananitiyon - infection control strategies), 'उत्तरजीविता' (uttarjeevita - survival), 'संक्रामकता' (sankramakta - infectivity), and 'सर्वोपरि है' (sarvopari hai - is paramount).
जैसे-जैसे एंटीबायोटिक प्रतिरोध बढ़ता जा रहा है, कीटाणु के नए और प्रभावी उपचार खोजना अत्यावश्यक हो गया है।
As antibiotic resistance is increasing, finding new and effective treatments for germs has become imperative.
Using phrases that indicate urgency and ongoing trends, such as 'जैसे-जैसे...बढ़ता जा रहा है' (jaise-jaise...badhta ja raha hai - as...is increasing) and 'अत्यावश्यक हो गया है' (atyavashyak ho gaya hai - has become imperative).
पर्यावरणीय सूक्ष्मजीव विज्ञान में कीटाणु की भूमिका का बहुआयामी विश्लेषण, मानव कल्याण के लिए उनके महत्व को उजागर करता है।
A multidimensional analysis of the role of germs in environmental microbiology highlights their importance for human welfare.
Employing sophisticated phrasing like 'पर्यावरणीय सूक्ष्मजीव विज्ञान' (paryavaraniy sukshmajeev vigyan - environmental microbiology), 'बहुआयामी विश्लेषण' (bahuaayami vishleshan - multidimensional analysis), and 'मानव कल्याण' (manav kalyan - human welfare).
जीनोमिक्स और मेटाजेनोमिक्स के आगमन ने कीटाणु के जटिल अंतर-संबंधों और मानव सूक्ष्मजीव समुदाय पर उनके प्रभाव की अभूतपूर्व समझ प्रदान की है।
The advent of genomics and metagenomics has provided an unprecedented understanding of the complex interrelationships of germs and their impact on the human microbiome.
Utilizing highly specialized academic terminology like 'जीनोमिक्स' (genomics), 'मेटाजेनोमिक्स' (metagenomics), 'आगमन' (aagaman - advent), 'जटिल अंतर-संबंधों' (jatil antar-sambandhon - complex interrelationships), and 'मानव सूक्ष्मजीव समुदाय' (manav sukshmajeev samuday - human microbiome).
वैश्विक महामारियों के इतिहास का अध्ययन यह दर्शाता है कि कीटाणु के प्रति मानव समाज की भेद्यता, आधुनिक सभ्यता के विकास के साथ-साथ विकसित होती रही है।
The study of the history of global pandemics demonstrates that human society's vulnerability to germs has evolved alongside the development of modern civilization.
Employing nuanced vocabulary such as 'वैश्विक महामारियों' (vaishvik mahamariyon - global pandemics), 'भेद्यता' (bhedyata - vulnerability), 'आधुनिक सभ्यता' (aadhunik sabhyata - modern civilization), and 'विकसित होती रही है' (viksit hoti rahi hai - has evolved).
एंटीमाइक्रोबियल प्रतिरोध की बढ़ती वैश्विक महामारी, कीटाणु के विकासवादी दबावों और एंटीबायोटिक दवाओं के अनुचित उपयोग के जटिल अंतःक्रिया का एक प्रमाण है।
The escalating global epidemic of antimicrobial resistance is a testament to the complex interplay of evolutionary pressures on germs and the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
Using advanced academic phrasing like 'एंटीमाइक्रोबियल प्रतिरोध' (antimicrobial pratirodh - antimicrobial resistance), 'बढ़ती वैश्विक महामारी' (badhti vaishvik mahamari - escalating global epidemic), 'विकासवादी दबावों' (vikasvadi dabavon - evolutionary pressures), and 'जटिल अंतःक्रिया' (jatil antahkriya - complex interplay).
रोगजनित कीटाणु के रोगजनन तंत्र का गहन अध्ययन, नए चिकित्सीय हस्तक्षेपों के विकास के लिए महत्वपूर्ण अंतर्दृष्टि प्रदान करता है।
A deep study of the pathogenesis mechanisms of pathogenic germs provides critical insights for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
Employing highly specific scientific terminology like 'रोगजनन तंत्र' (rogajanan tantra - pathogenesis mechanisms), 'गहन अध्ययन' (gahan adhyayan - deep study), 'चिकित्सीय हस्तक्षेपों' (chikitsiya hastakshepon - therapeutic interventions), and 'महत्वपूर्ण अंतर्दृष्टि' (mahatvapurna antardrishti - critical insights).
पर्यावरण में कीटाणु के पारिस्थितिक भूमिकाओं की विस्तृत जांच, जैव विविधता संरक्षण और पारिस्थितिक तंत्र के स्वास्थ्य के लिए उनके महत्व को रेखांकित करती है।
A detailed investigation into the ecological roles of germs in the environment underscores their significance for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health.
Using precise academic language such as 'पारिस्थितिक भूमिकाओं' (paristhitik bhumikaon - ecological roles), 'विस्तृत जांच' (vistrit jaanch - detailed investigation), 'जैव विविधता संरक्षण' (jaiv vividhata sanrakshan - biodiversity conservation), and 'रेखांकित करती है' (rekhankit karti hai - underscores).
संक्रामक रोगों की उभरती हुई प्रकृति, कीटाणु के निरंतर विकास और मानव आबादी के साथ उनके गतिशील सह-विकास पर प्रकाश डालती है।
The emerging nature of infectious diseases highlights the continuous evolution of germs and their dynamic co-evolution with human populations.
Employing sophisticated concepts like 'उभरती हुई प्रकृति' (ubharati hui prakriti - emerging nature), 'निरंतर विकास' (nirantar vikas - continuous evolution), and 'गतिशील सह-विकास' (gatishil sah-vikas - dynamic co-evolution).
एक एकीकृत दृष्टिकोण, जिसमें कीटाणु के आणविक जीव विज्ञान, प्रतिरक्षाविज्ञानी प्रतिक्रियाओं और सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य हस्तक्षेपों का संयोजन हो, भविष्य की महामारियों से प्रभावी ढंग से निपटने के लिए अनिवार्य है।
An integrated approach, combining the molecular biology of germs, immunological responses, and public health interventions, is imperative for effectively tackling future pandemics.
Using highly technical terminology like 'आणविक जीव विज्ञान' (aanvik jeev vigyan - molecular biology), 'प्रतिरक्षाविज्ञानी प्रतिक्रियाओं' (pratiraksha-vigyani pratikriyaon - immunological responses), and 'अनिवार्य है' (anivarya hai - is imperative).
जीवाश्म रिकॉर्ड और आनुवंशिक अध्ययनों के माध्यम से कीटाणु के प्राचीन इतिहास की पड़ताल, पृथ्वी पर जीवन के उद्भव और विकास की हमारी समझ को गहरा करती है।
The exploration of the ancient history of germs through fossil records and genetic studies deepens our understanding of the origin and evolution of life on Earth.
Employing advanced terms like 'जीवाश्म रिकॉर्ड' (jeevashm record - fossil records), 'आनुवंशिक अध्ययनों' (aanuvanshik adhyayanon - genetic studies), 'प्राचीन इतिहास' (prachin itihaas - ancient history), 'उद्भव' (udbhav - origin), and 'गहरा करती है' (gahra karti hai - deepens).
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Don't spread germs. This is a common instruction, especially for children, to encourage hygiene.
खाँसते या छींकते समय मुँह ढक लो, कीटाणु मत फैलाओ।
— Protection from germs. This phrase is used when talking about preventive measures.
हाथ धोना कीटाणुओं से बचाव का सबसे अच्छा तरीका है।
— The germs are dead. Used after cleaning or using disinfectants.
उबालने के बाद, पानी में मौजूद कीटाणु मर गए।
— A home for germs. This phrase describes a place that is very unhygienic and full of germs.
यह गंदा कमरा तो कीटाणुओं का घर बन गया है।
— Germ-free. Similar to 'कीटाणु मुक्त', used to describe something that has no germs.
अस्पताल के ऑपरेशन थिएटर को कीटाणु-रहित रखा जाता है।
— Germ attack. A metaphorical phrase used to describe the onset of an illness caused by germs.
अचानक बुखार आना कीटाणु का हमला हो सकता है।
— Keep germs away. A direct command or plea for hygiene.
बच्चों को सिखाओ कि गंदी चीजें मुँह में न डालें, कीटाणु दूर रखो।
— The world of germs. Used in educational contexts to refer to the microscopic realm.
विज्ञान की किताब में हमने कीटाणु की दुनिया के बारे में पढ़ा।
— Danger of germs. Used to emphasize the risk associated with germs.
भीड़-भाड़ वाली जगहों पर कीटाणु का खतरा बढ़ जाता है।
— Germs and disease. A common pairing to explain causation.
कीटाणु और बीमारी का गहरा संबंध है।
よく混同される語
'कीट' means insect or pest. While related etymologically, 'कीटाणु' specifically refers to microscopic germs that cause disease, not visible insects.
'अणु' means atom or particle. It is a component of the word 'कीटाणु' but is not a synonym for germ itself. 'कीटाणु' implies tiny, disease-causing particles.
This is an informal loanword from English. While understood colloquially, 'कीटाणु' is the standard and more formal Hindi word for germ.
慣用句と表現
— To annoy or trouble someone greatly. While not directly about germs, the idea of something persistently bothersome can be metaphorically linked to germs that cause illness.
बच्चों की लगातार की जाने वाली शरारतें माता-पिता के नाक में दम कर देती हैं, जैसे कीटाणु हमें बीमार करते हैं। (The children's constant mischief greatly annoys the parents, much like germs make us sick.)
Informal— To nurture or harbor a disease, often by neglecting health or hygiene. This implies allowing germs to flourish.
गंदगी में रहने से आप रोग पाल रहे हैं, जो कीटाणु को पनपने का मौका देता है। (Living in dirt means you are nurturing disease, giving germs a chance to thrive.)
Neutral— To invite illness, usually by engaging in unhealthy practices that make one susceptible to germs.
बासी खाना खाना तो बीमारी को दावत देना है, क्योंकि उसमें कीटाणु होते हैं। (Eating stale food is inviting illness, as it contains germs.)
Neutral— A very simple-minded or naive person. This idiom is not directly related to germs, but the concept of being easily influenced or 'molded' could be loosely compared to how germs easily infect a susceptible host.
वह इतना सीधा है कि कोई भी उसे आसानी से बेवकूफ बना सकता है, जैसे कीटाणु आसानी से शरीर में प्रवेश कर जाते हैं। (He is so simple that anyone can easily fool him, just as germs easily enter the body.)
Informal— To breathe a sigh of relief. This is an antonymous concept to the worry caused by the threat of germs and illness.
जब डॉक्टर ने कहा कि यह सिर्फ सामान्य सर्दी है और कोई खतरनाक कीटाणु नहीं है, तब जाकर मैंने चैन की साँस ली। (When the doctor said it was just a common cold and not a dangerous germ, only then did I breathe a sigh of relief.)
Neutral— The apple of one's eye (someone very dear). This idiom focuses on affection and is unrelated to germs directly, but the emphasis on preciousness can contrast with the idea of something harmful like germs.
वह बच्चा अपनी माँ की आँखों का तारा है, इसलिए वे उसकी सेहत का बहुत ध्यान रखती हैं ताकि कोई कीटाणु उसे बीमार न कर दे। (That child is the apple of his mother's eye, so she takes great care of his health so that no germ makes him sick.)
Neutral— To pursue someone relentlessly or to be very persistent in something. While not about germs, the persistence can be compared to how germs can persist if not properly eliminated.
वह कीटाणु को खत्म करने के लिए हाथ धोकर पीछे पड़ गया, हर सतह को साफ किया। (He became relentless in eliminating the germs, cleaning every surface.)
Informal— To be in grave danger or trouble. This is the state one might be in if severely affected by germs.
गंदे पानी पीने से मेरी जान आफत में पड़ गई थी, क्योंकि उसमें बहुत सारे कीटाणु थे। (My life was in grave danger from drinking dirty water because it contained many germs.)
Neutral— To become furious. This emotion is not directly related to germs, but the feeling of being overwhelmed by something harmful could be metaphorically linked.
जब उसने देखा कि बच्चों ने बिना हाथ धोए खाना खा लिया और कीटाणु फैला दिए, तो वह आग बबूला हो गई। (When she saw that the children had eaten without washing their hands and spread germs, she became furious.)
Informal— To deceive or cheat someone. This idiom is unrelated to germs, but the idea of something hidden or deceptive could be metaphorically linked to invisible germs.
यह कीटाणु तो आँखों में धूल झोंकते हैं, दिखते नहीं पर नुकसान पहुंचाते हैं। (These germs deceive the eyes; they are not visible but cause harm.)
Informal間違えやすい
Both 'कीटाणु' and 'जीवाणु' refer to microscopic organisms that can cause disease.
'कीटाणु' is a general term for 'germ', which can include bacteria, viruses, etc. 'जीवाणु' specifically refers to 'bacteria', a particular type of germ. So, all 'जीवाणु' are 'कीटाणु', but not all 'कीटाणु' are 'जीवाणु'.
पानी में <mark>कीटाणु</mark> हो सकते हैं। (There can be germs in the water.) vs. इस पानी में <mark>जीवाणु</mark> हैं। (There are bacteria in this water.)
Similar to 'जीवाणु', 'विषाणु' also refers to a type of microscopic pathogen.
'विषाणु' specifically means 'virus'. 'कीटाणु' is the broader term encompassing viruses, bacteria, and other similar microscopic agents. Think of 'कीटाणु' as the umbrella category.
<mark>कीटाणु</mark> फैल सकते हैं। (Germs can spread.) vs. <mark>विषाणु</mark> बहुत तेज़ी से फैलते हैं। (Viruses spread very rapidly.)
This term also relates to disease-causing agents.
'रोगाणु' is a more general term for 'pathogen', which can include microscopic organisms like germs, but also larger entities like parasites or even toxins. 'कीटाणु' is typically used for microscopic organisms like bacteria and viruses.
सभी <mark>कीटाणु</mark> रोगजनक नहीं होते। (Not all germs are pathogenic.) vs. यह <mark>रोगाणु</mark> एक परजीवी है। (This pathogen is a parasite.)
This is a broad term for any microscopic organism.
'सूक्ष्मजीव' means 'microorganism' and includes both harmful germs (<mark>कीटाणु</mark>) and beneficial microbes (like those in yogurt or our gut). 'कीटाणु' specifically refers to the harmful ones that cause disease.
हमारे पेट में लाभकारी <mark>सूक्ष्मजीव</mark> होते हैं। (There are beneficial microorganisms in our stomach.) vs. गंदे हाथों पर <mark>कीटाणु</mark> होते हैं। (There are germs on dirty hands.)
The words share a similar sound and etymological root ('कीट' is part of 'कीटाणु').
'कीट' refers to visible insects or pests (like ants, flies, mosquitoes). 'कीटाणु' refers to microscopic germs that are invisible to the naked eye and cause disease. You can see a 'कीट', but you need a microscope to see a 'कीटाणु'.
मच्छर एक <mark>कीट</mark> है जो बीमारी फैला सकता है। (A mosquito is a pest that can spread disease.) vs. पानी में <mark>कीटाणु</mark> हो सकते हैं। (There can be germs in the water.)
文型パターン
<mark>कीटाणु</mark> + Verb (plural)
<mark>कीटाणु</mark> फैलते हैं। (<mark>Keetaanu</mark> phailte hain.) - Germs spread.
Object + में (mein) + <mark>कीटाणु</mark> + हैं (hain)
पानी में <mark>कीटाणु</mark> हैं। (Paani mein <mark>keetaanu</mark> hain.) - There are germs in the water.
Noun + से (se) + <mark>कीटाणु</mark> + बचाना (bachana) + है (hai)
बच्चों को <mark>कीटाणु</mark> से बचाना है। (Bachchon ko <mark>keetaanu</mark> se bachana hai.) - Children need to be protected from germs.
<mark>कीटाणु</mark> + के + कारण (ke karan) + Noun
बहुत सी बीमारियाँ <mark>कीटाणु</mark> के कारण होती हैं। (Bahut si bimariyan <mark>keetaanu</mark> ke karan hoti hain.) - Many illnesses are caused by germs.
Action + से (se) + <mark>कीटाणु</mark> + मरना (marna)
साबुन लगाने से <mark>कीटाणु</mark> मर जाते हैं। (Sabun lagane se <mark>keetaanu</mark> mar jaate hain.) - Germs die from applying soap.
Adjective + <mark>कीटाणु</mark> + Verb
हानिकारक <mark>कीटाणु</mark> शरीर में प्रवेश कर सकते हैं। (Haanikarak <mark>keetaanu</mark> sharir mein pravesh kar sakte hain.) - Harmful germs can enter the body.
<mark>कीटाणु</mark> + के + प्रसार (prasar) + को + रोकना (rokna) + Verb
<mark>कीटाणु</mark> के प्रसार को रोकना बहुत ज़रूरी है। (<mark>Keetaanu</mark> ke prasar ko rokna bahut zaruri hai.) - Preventing the spread of germs is very important.
<mark>कीटाणु</mark> + जनित (janit) + Noun
हमें <mark>कीटाणु</mark> जनित रोगों से सावधान रहना चाहिए। (Hamein <mark>keetaanu</mark> janit rogon se saavdhan rehna chahiye.) - We should be careful of germ-borne diseases.
語族
名詞
関連
使い方
High
-
Using 'कीटाणु' for visible insects.
→
Using 'कीट' for insects.
'कीटाणु' refers to microscopic organisms. Visible insects are called 'कीट'. For example, 'मच्छर एक कीट है, कीटाणु नहीं।' (A mosquito is a pest, not a germ.)
-
Incorrect verb agreement (singular verb with plural subject).
→
Using a plural verb with 'कीटाणु'.
'कीटाणु' is usually treated as plural. So, it should be 'कीटाणु फैलते हैं' (germs spread), not 'कीटाणु फैलता है'.
-
Confusing 'कीटाणु' with 'अणु' (atom/particle).
→
Understanding 'कीटाणु' as a specific term for germ.
While 'अणु' is part of the word's etymology, 'कीटाणु' has a distinct meaning of disease-causing microscopic entities, not just any tiny particle.
-
Using 'कीटाणु' when a more specific term like 'जीवाणु' or 'विषाणु' is appropriate.
→
Using 'जीवाणु' for bacteria and 'विषाणु' for viruses when precision is needed.
'कीटाणु' is a general term. In scientific contexts, it's better to use the specific terms 'जीवाणु' (bacteria) or 'विषाणु' (virus) if you know the type of germ.
-
Treating 'कीटाणु' as a singular countable noun in all contexts.
→
Recognizing that 'कीटाणु' is often used collectively or plurally.
While technically a noun, it's frequently used to refer to germs in general, which implies a multitude. Sentences like 'पानी में कीटाणु हैं' (There are germs in the water) are more natural than trying to count individual germs in general conversation.
ヒント
Master the Stress
Remember that the stress in 'कीटाणु' (keetaanu) falls on the second syllable: की-टा-णु. Practicing this rhythm will make your pronunciation sound more natural.
Build Related Words
Learn associated words like 'बीमारी' (illness), 'स्वच्छता' (hygiene), 'जीवाणु' (bacteria), and 'विषाणु' (virus). This will help you understand and use 'कीटाणु' more effectively in sentences.
Visual Association
Imagine tiny, invisible dots or specks that are harmful. Associate these with the word 'कीटाणु' to help recall its meaning and microscopic nature.
Plural Agreement
Since 'कीटाणु' is often used as a plural noun, ensure your verbs agree. For example, 'कीटाणु फैलते हैं' (germs spread), not 'कीटाणु फैलता है'.
Hygiene Focus
Understand that in Hindi-speaking cultures, cleanliness is highly valued, especially concerning food and health. 'कीटाणु' is a common word used to emphasize the importance of hygiene practices.
Listen for Context
When you hear 'कीटाणु', pay attention to the surrounding words to understand if it refers to general germs, bacteria, or viruses, and what action is being discussed (spreading, killing, preventing).
Use in Daily Scenarios
Practice using 'कीटाणु' in simple sentences related to everyday situations, like telling someone to wash their hands or explaining why food needs to be cooked properly.
Contextual Sentences
When writing, try to create sentences that clearly show the role of germs in causing illness or the importance of hygiene in preventing them. For example: 'हाथ धोना कीटाणुओं से बचाव के लिए ज़रूरी है।'
Distinguish Specific Terms
While 'कीटाणु' is general, learn to use 'जीवाणु' (bacteria) and 'विषाणु' (virus) when you need to be more scientifically accurate, especially in formal or medical discussions.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine tiny, 'key' characters (की - kee) that are like 'tan' (टा - taa) lines, and they are 'new' (णु - nu) to your body, causing trouble. These 'key tan new' things are germs!
視覚的連想
Picture tiny, almost invisible specks of dust or glitter that are spreading all over a surface, and each speck represents a germ (कीटाणु). You need to wash them away!
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe a scenario where someone gets sick because they didn't wash their hands, using the word कीटाणु at least three times to explain why they fell ill.
語源
The word 'कीटाणु' (keetaanu) is of Sanskrit origin. It is a compound word formed from 'कीट' (keet) and 'अणु' (anu).
元の意味： 'कीट' (keet) means 'insect' or 'worm', and 'अणु' (anu) means 'atom' or 'particle'. Thus, the literal meaning implies 'insect-like particles' or 'tiny harmful entities'.
Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)文化的な背景
The term 'कीटाणु' itself is neutral and scientific. However, discussions around diseases caused by germs can be sensitive, especially when dealing with epidemics or vulnerable populations. It's important to use the term in a factual and informative manner, avoiding stigmatization.
In English-speaking cultures, the word 'germ' is widely used in similar contexts of health, hygiene, and disease prevention. The scientific terms 'bacteria' and 'viruses' are also common.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Health and Hygiene Advice
- हाथ धोना कीटाणुओं से बचाव का सबसे अच्छा तरीका है।
- साफ-सफाई का ध्यान रखें ताकि कीटाणु न पनपें।
- अपने आस-पास कीटाणु मुक्त वातावरण बनाए रखें।
Discussing Illness
- मुझे लगता है कि मुझे कीटाणुओं का संक्रमण हो गया है।
- यह बीमारी कीटाणुओं के कारण फैल रही है।
- डॉक्टर ने कीटाणु की पहचान की।
Food Safety
- फल और सब्जियां धोने से कीटाणु मर जाते हैं।
- बासी खाने में कीटाणु हो सकते हैं।
- भोजन को ठीक से पकाएं ताकि कीटाणु नष्ट हो जाएं।
Children's Education
- बच्चों, कीटाणु मत फैलाओ!
- कीटाणु बहुत छोटे होते हैं, पर बीमार कर सकते हैं।
- हमें कीटाणुओं से लड़ना सीखना चाहिए।
Medical Consultation
- आपके शरीर में कीटाणु का पता चला है।
- यह दवा कीटाणुओं को खत्म कर देगी।
- कीटाणुओं के प्रसार को नियंत्रित करना आवश्यक है।
会話のきっかけ
"क्या आप जानते हैं कि हमारे हाथों पर कितने कीटाणु हो सकते हैं?"
"बीमारी से बचने के लिए आप कौन से कीटाणु-रोधी उपाय करते हैं?"
"क्या आपने कभी सोचा है कि कीटाणु कैसे फैलते हैं?"
"बच्चों को कीटाणुओं के बारे में सिखाना कितना ज़रूरी है?"
"क्या आप ऐसे किसी व्यक्ति को जानते हैं जो कीटाणुओं से बहुत डरता है?"
日記のテーマ
आज आपने अपने स्वास्थ्य को कीटाणुओं से बचाने के लिए क्या किया?
उन जगहों के बारे में लिखें जहाँ कीटाणु आसानी से पनप सकते हैं और आप उन्हें कैसे रोक सकते हैं।
अगर आप एक कीटाणु होते, तो आप दुनिया को कैसे बीमार करते?
स्वच्छता और कीटाणुओं के बीच संबंध पर अपने विचार लिखें।
आपके अनुसार, कीटाणुओं के बारे में सबसे दिलचस्प बात क्या है?
よくある質問
10 問'कीटाणु' (keetaanu) is the general Hindi word for 'germ', referring to any microscopic organism that can cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, etc. 'जीवाणु' (jeevanu) is a more specific term that refers only to 'bacteria', which is a type of germ. So, all 'जीवाणु' are 'कीटाणु', but not all 'कीटाणु' are 'जीवाणु'.
No, 'कीटाणु' is specifically for microscopic organisms invisible to the naked eye. For visible insects or pests, the Hindi word is 'कीट' (keet). Although they share an etymological root, their modern usage is distinct.
'कीटाणु' is most commonly used in its plural form, especially when referring to germs in general. While a singular form can technically exist, it's less frequent in everyday conversation. The verb agreement typically follows the plural usage.
Common phrases include 'कीटाणु फैलना' (germs spreading), 'कीटाणु मारना' (killing germs), 'कीटाणु मुक्त' (germ-free), and 'कीटाणुओं से बचाव' (protection from germs). These are often used in discussions about health and hygiene.
The pronunciation is 'kee-TAA-noo'. The stress is on the second syllable, 'TAA'. The 'kee' sounds like in 'key', 'taa' like in 'tar', and 'nu' like in 'new'.
The most direct and common English equivalent of 'कीटाणु' is 'germ'. Depending on the context, it can also relate to 'pathogen', 'bacteria', or 'virus', but 'germ' is the broadest and most frequent translation.
Use 'कीटाणु' when referring to germs in a general sense, especially in everyday conversations about hygiene and health. Use 'जीवाणु' specifically for bacteria and 'विषाणु' specifically for viruses when you need to be more precise, often in scientific or medical contexts.
While 'कीटाणु' itself is not part of many direct idioms, concepts related to germs and disease are sometimes metaphorically linked to idioms about annoyance, danger, or hygiene, such as 'रोग पालना' (to harbor disease) or 'बीमारी को दावत देना' (to invite illness).
'कीटाणु' are the reason why cleanliness is important. Practicing good hygiene (like washing hands) helps to remove or kill कीटाणु, thus preventing illness. Phrases like 'कीटाणु मुक्त' (germ-free) directly link the concept to cleanliness.
'कीटाणु' comes from Sanskrit, combining 'कीट' (keet - insect/worm) and 'अणु' (anu - atom/particle). This suggests 'tiny harmful entities' or 'insect-like particles', reflecting an early understanding of microscopic threats.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
कीटाणु (keetaanu) refers to microscopic disease-causing agents like bacteria and viruses. It's a fundamental word for discussing health, hygiene, and illness prevention in Hindi. Example: 'हाथों को धोना ज़रूरी है ताकि कीटाणु मर जाएँ।' (Washing hands is important so that germs die.)
- कीटाणु (keetaanu) means germ: a tiny, often invisible organism that causes disease.
- Used when talking about health, hygiene, and preventing sickness.
- Essential for understanding basic health and hygiene concepts in Hindi.
- Focus on microscopic nature and disease-causing ability.
Master the Stress
Remember that the stress in 'कीटाणु' (keetaanu) falls on the second syllable: की-टा-णु. Practicing this rhythm will make your pronunciation sound more natural.
Context is Key
Use 'कीटाणु' when discussing microscopic disease-causing agents. Avoid using it for visible insects ('कीट') or general particles ('अणु'). Focus on the context of health and hygiene.
Build Related Words
Learn associated words like 'बीमारी' (illness), 'स्वच्छता' (hygiene), 'जीवाणु' (bacteria), and 'विषाणु' (virus). This will help you understand and use 'कीटाणु' more effectively in sentences.
Visual Association
Imagine tiny, invisible dots or specks that are harmful. Associate these with the word 'कीटाणु' to help recall its meaning and microscopic nature.
例文
साबुन से हाथ धोने से कीटाणु मर जाते हैं।
関連コンテンツ
healthの関連語
आंबुलेंस
C1病気や怪我をした人を病院へ運ぶために特別に装備された車両。
आहार संबंधी
C1食事や栄養に関する。
आहार विशेषज्ञ
B1A person who is an expert on diet and nutrition.
आहार योजना
B1A plan for what to eat; diet plan.
आईसीयू
B1Intensive Care Unit, a specialized hospital ward.
आकस्मिक
B1Sudden, accidental, emergency.
आँखों का डॉक्टर
A2眼科医。目の専門医。
आनुवंशिक इंजीनियरिंग
C1The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.
आनुवंशिक परामर्श
C1遺伝性疾患の影響を受けている、またはそのリスクがある個人や家族に対する助言プロセス。
आनुवंशिक उत्परिवर्तन
C1遺伝子を構成するDNA配列の永続的な変化。
