B2 · 中上級 チャプター 52

Expressing Modality: Possibility, Probability, Certainty

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このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Navigate the spectrum of truth and likelihood in Armenian with precision and nuance.

  • Distinguish between internal ability and external possibility using modal verbs.
  • Construct impersonal sentences to weigh evidence and express degrees of likelihood.
  • Integrate modal adverbs naturally to color your speech with doubt or confidence.
From 'maybe' to 'must': Mastering the Armenian modal landscape.

学べること

Explore various ways to express degrees of possibility, probability, and certainty using modal verbs, impersonal expressions, and adverbs. Understand the nuances of modality across tenses.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to speculate about future events using 'կարող է' and impersonal expressions.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to write an argumentative paragraph ranking the probability of different outcomes.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to analyze the difference in certainty between past and present modal constructions.

ヒントとコツ (4)

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Practice daily

Use 'կարող եմ' to describe your daily routine.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal Verbs: Can, May, Might
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Subjunctive Check

Always check if your verb is in the subjunctive form after 'որ'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Degrees of Possibility: It is possible that...
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Use 'որ'

Always include 'որ' after 'հավանական է'. It connects the modal frame to the event.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Probability: It is probable that...
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Placement

Always keep 'հաստատ' before the verb to avoid sounding like a beginner.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Certainty: It is certain that...

重要な語彙 (7)

հնարավոր possible հավանական probable անկասկած undoubtedly թերևս perhaps հավանաբար probably հաստատ certainly / for sure երևի maybe / likely

Real-World Preview

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Review Summary

  • կարող է + infinitive
  • Հնարավոր է, որ + Subjunctive
  • Հավանական է, որ + Indicative/Subjunctive
  • Հաստատ է / Անկասկած է, որ + Indicative
  • Adverb + Verb

よくある間違い

Do not use personal forms ('ես կարող եմ' - I can) for impersonal weather or general possibility. Use the 3rd person singular 'կարող է'.

Wrong: Ես կարող եմ անձրև գալ։
正解: Կարող է անձրև գալ։

Impersonal expressions require the conjunction 'որ' (that) and usually the subjunctive mood for the following verb.

Wrong: Հնարավոր է նա գալիս է։
正解: Հնարավոր է, որ նա գա։

When speculating about the past with adverbs, ensure the verb tense reflects the intended timeframe correctly.

Wrong: Հավանաբար նա է եղել։
正解: Հավանաբար նա կլիներ / նա էր։

Next Steps

You're moving into the most expressive parts of the Armenian language. Being able to express doubt and certainty makes your speech sound sophisticated and thoughtful. Keep going!

Listen to an Armenian news commentary and count how many times they use 'հավանաբար' or 'հնարավոր է'.

Write 5 sentences about your plans for next year using a different degree of certainty for each.

Continue to: Word Order for Emphasis & Focus

クイック練習 (10)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Գալու եմ հաստատ։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Հաստատ գալու եմ
Adverb must precede the verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Certainty: It is certain that...

Fill in the blank.

Նա ___ կուշանա։ (Probably)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Հավանաբար means probably.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal Adverbs: Perhaps, Probably, Certainly

Fill in the blank.

Ես ___ լողալ։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: կարող եմ
1st person singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal Verbs: Can, May, Might

Which is more formal?

Choose the formal option.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Անկասկած
Ankaskats is used in formal contexts.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Certainty: It is certain that...

Fill in the blank.

Ես պիտի ___ (գնալ).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: գնամ
Piti requires subjunctive.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Nuances of Modality in Different Tenses

Choose the correct adverb.

___ նա կգա։ (Certainly)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: c
Անշուշտ means certainly.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal Adverbs: Perhaps, Probably, Certainly

Fill in the blank with the correct adverb.

Նա ___ կգա։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: հաստատ
The context implies certainty.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Certainty: It is certain that...

Fill in the blank with the correct subjunctive form.

Հնարավոր է, որ նա (գալ) ___։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: գա
Subjunctive for 3rd person singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Degrees of Possibility: It is possible that...

Choose the correct modal adjective.

___ է, որ նա կհաղթի (It is likely).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Հավանական
Likely translates to 'հավանական'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Probability: It is probable that...

Fill in the blank with the correct connector.

Հավանական է ___ նա կգա։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: որ
The connector 'որ' is required.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Probability: It is probable that...

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, use 'գուցե' for possibility.
Yes, use the perfect subjunctive: 'Հնարավոր է, որ նա եկած լինի'.
No, 'որ' is necessary to connect the modal phrase to the following clause.
'Հավանական' means likely (high probability), while 'հնարավոր' means possible (low to medium probability).
Yes, 'Հաստատ գալո՞ւ ես' is a very common way to ask for confirmation.
It is formal, but perfectly acceptable in professional emails or public speaking.
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Nominalization & De-nominalization
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Word Order for Emphasis & Focus
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