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B1 adjective 11分で読める

고정적이다

gojeongjeogida
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고정적이다 30秒で

  • Describes things that are fixed and do not change.
  • Used for prices, schedules, opinions, and systems.
  • Implies stability and lack of variation.
  • Contrast with words meaning 'changeable' or 'fluid'.
The Korean adjective 고정적이다 (go-jeong-jeok-i-da) translates to 'to be fixed', 'unchanging', or 'static' in English. It describes something that is not subject to change, movement, or variation. This can apply to physical objects, abstract concepts, or even situations. When something is 고정적이다, it means it has a stable, predetermined, or established state. It implies a lack of flexibility or adaptability. For instance, a 고정적이다 price means the price will not fluctuate. A 고정적이다 schedule means the timings are set and unlikely to change. In a more abstract sense, 고정적이다 can refer to unchanging beliefs, opinions, or ways of thinking. It's often used in contrast to terms that suggest dynamism, flexibility, or change. You might hear it when discussing economic policies, social structures, personal habits, or even the design of something that is meant to be permanent. This word is useful for describing things that maintain their form or position over time, highlighting their stability. It's a fundamental adjective for conveying the idea of something being set in place and not easily altered. Consider a situation where a company has a 고정적이다 employee benefit package; this means the benefits are standard and do not change from person to person or over time without a formal revision. Similarly, a 고정적이다 viewpoint suggests a rigid perspective that is resistant to new ideas or evidence. The nuance of 고정적이다 lies in its emphasis on permanence and lack of variability, making it a valuable term for precise description. It's important to distinguish it from words that might imply being stuck in a negative way, as 고정적이다 can also describe something neutrally or positively as being stable and reliable. For example, a 고정적이다 salary provides financial security.
Etymology
The word originates from the Sino-Korean term '固定' (gojeong), meaning 'fixed' or 'fastened', combined with the native Korean adjective suffix '-적이다' (-jeok-ida), which turns nouns or Sino-Korean words into adjectives. This structure is common in Korean for creating descriptive terms.
Usage Context
This term is frequently used in discussions about economics, finance, social sciences, technology, and personal planning. It's particularly relevant when describing policies, systems, or plans that are designed to be stable and predictable. For example, in economics, one might discuss 고정적이다 interest rates or 고정적이다 employment. In technology, it might refer to a 고정적이다 display resolution or a 고정적이다 setting. The word emphasizes the lack of fluctuation and the presence of a defined state.

This restaurant has a 고정적이다 menu that rarely changes.

이 식당은 거의 변하지 않는 고정적이다 메뉴를 가지고 있습니다.
Abstract vs. Concrete
The adjective 고정적이다 can be applied to both tangible and intangible things. For concrete examples, consider a 고정적이다 price or a 고정적이다 salary. For abstract examples, it can describe 고정적이다 beliefs, 고정적이다 opinions, or a 고정적이다 viewpoint. The core meaning of stability and lack of change remains consistent across these applications.

The company has a 고정적이다 policy on employee promotions.

그 회사는 직원 승진에 대한 고정적이다 정책을 가지고 있습니다.
Contrast with Change
Understanding 고정적이다 is often easier when contrasted with words that denote change or flexibility. For example, while 고정적이다 means unchanging, words like '변화하다' (byeonhwahada - to change) or '유동적이다' (yudongjeok-ida - to be fluid/flexible) represent the opposite. This contrast helps to solidify the meaning of 'fixed' or 'static' that 고정적이다 conveys.

His lifestyle is very 고정적이다.

그의 생활 방식은 매우 고정적이다.
To effectively use 고정적이다, it's important to place it after the noun it modifies, often connected by the particle '이다' (ida), or in its conjugated form. It functions as a descriptive adjective. You can say 'Noun + 은/는 + 고정적이다' or use it in sentences where it directly describes a subject. For instance, '그것은 고정적이다' (It is fixed). When modifying a noun in a descriptive clause, you would use the form '고정적인' (gojeong-jeok-in). For example, '고정적인 수입' (fixed income). The adjective can also be used with adverbs like '매우' (maeu - very), '아주' (aju - very), or '꽤' (kkwae - quite) to intensify its meaning. For example, '이것은 매우 고정적이다' (This is very fixed). When contrasting with dynamic situations, you might use it in conjunction with words that imply change. For example, '다른 상황과 달리, 이 계획은 고정적이다' (Unlike other situations, this plan is fixed). The grammatical structure is straightforward: place the adjective after the subject it describes. If you are using it to modify a noun directly before another noun, you use the adjectival form 고정적인. For example, '고정적인 근무 시간' (fixed working hours). It's crucial to remember that 고정적이다 is an adjective, so it describes the state or quality of a noun. You will often see it used with the copula '이다' (ida), forming '고정적이다'. When used attributively, meaning it modifies a noun directly, it becomes '고정적인'. For example, '고정적인 요금' (fixed fee). The sentence structure will typically be Subject + Topic Marker + 고정적이다 or Subject + Topic Marker + Modifier + 고정적인 + Noun. Consider these examples: '그의 의견은 고정적이다' (His opinion is fixed). '고정적인 생활 방식' (fixed lifestyle). The word is versatile and can be integrated into various sentence types, from simple statements to more complex descriptions. It's important to note the particle usage when connecting 고정적이다 to its subject. Typically, the topic particle '은/는' is used. For instance, '이것은 고정적이다' (This is fixed). When used attributively, the '-ㄴ/은' ending is added to the stem, resulting in '고정적인'. For example, '고정적인 수입' (fixed income). The usage is quite intuitive once you grasp the adjective-noun relationship.
Attributive Form
When 고정적이다 modifies a noun directly, it takes the form '고정적인'. For example, '고정적인 입장' (fixed stance), '고정적인 예산' (fixed budget).

The company has 고정적인 working hours.

회사는 고정적인 근무 시간을 가지고 있습니다.
Predicate Usage
As a predicate adjective, it directly follows the subject, often with a topic particle. Example: '그의 생각은 고정적이다.' (His thoughts are fixed.)

This price is 고정적이다.

이 가격은 고정적이다.
Adverbial Modification
You can add adverbs like '매우' (very), '아주' (very), or '꽤' (quite) before 고정적이다 to emphasize the degree of fixedness. For example, '이것은 매우 고정적이다.' (This is very fixed.)

The interest rate is 꽤 고정적이다.

이 금리는 꽤 고정적이다.
고정적이다 is a word you'll commonly encounter in formal and semi-formal contexts, particularly in discussions related to finance, economics, law, and policy. When people discuss interest rates, salaries, prices, or budgets that are set and not expected to change frequently, they will use this term. For example, in a news report about the economy, you might hear '고정적이다 금리' (fixed interest rate) or '고정적인 월급' (fixed monthly salary). In a business meeting, a manager might explain, '우리 회사의 복지 정책은 고정적이다' (Our company's welfare policy is fixed). You'll also hear it in academic settings when analyzing systems or structures that are stable. For instance, in sociology, one might discuss '고정적인 사회 계층' (fixed social classes). In everyday conversations, it might come up when talking about routines or habits that are unchanging, like '고정적인 생활 방식' (fixed lifestyle). However, it's less common in very casual, slang-heavy conversations unless the topic itself is formal. The word implies a degree of permanence and stability, making it suitable for describing things that are meant to be reliable and predictable. Consider its use in describing technology: '고정적인 해상도' (fixed resolution) means the screen resolution does not change. In legal documents or contracts, you'll frequently find '고정적이다' used to define terms and conditions that are not subject to alteration. For example, a contract might state that certain fees are '고정적이다'. It's a descriptive term that adds precision when discussing aspects of stability and lack of variability. Even in personal finance discussions, people might talk about '고정적인 지출' (fixed expenses) versus variable expenses. The context is usually one where predictability and stability are key features being highlighted.
Financial Contexts
In finance and economics, '고정적이다' is frequently used to describe interest rates, salaries, prices, and budgets that are set and do not fluctuate. For instance, '고정적인 이자율' (fixed interest rate) is a common term.

The news reported on 고정적인 economic policies.

뉴스에서는 고정적인 경제 정책에 대해 보도했습니다.
Academic and Policy Discussions
In academic papers and policy documents, you'll find 고정적이다 used to describe stable systems, structures, or unchanging rules. For example, '고정적인 사회 구조' (fixed social structure).

The contract specifies 고정적인 fees.

계약서에는 고정적인 수수료가 명시되어 있습니다.
Describing Routines and Habits
In personal contexts, it can describe unchanging routines or lifestyles. For example, '고정적인 생활 습관' (fixed lifestyle habits).

His daily schedule is very 고정적이다.

그의 일과는 매우 고정적이다.
One common mistake is confusing 고정적이다 with words that imply being 'stuck' in a negative sense, such as '답답하다' (dap-dap-ha-da - to feel stuffy/frustrated) or '지루하다' (ji-ru-ha-da - to be boring). While something that is 고정적이다 might lead to boredom, the word itself simply means unchanging, not necessarily negative. Another error is misusing the attributive form. Remember, '고정적이다' is used when it's the predicate of the sentence (e.g., '이것은 고정적이다'), while '고정적인' is used before a noun (e.g., '고정적인 수입'). Learners might also incorrectly use it to describe something that is merely 'regular' or 'frequent' without the implication of being fundamentally unchanging. For instance, saying a person has '고정적인' visits when they mean 'frequent' visits is not accurate; '자주' (jaju - often) or '정기적인' (jeonggi-jeok-in - regular) would be more appropriate. It's also important not to use 고정적이다 for things that are simply 'difficult' or 'hard to change' if they are still subject to some degree of fluctuation. The word implies a state of being set, not just resistant to change. For example, if a price can fluctuate slightly, it's not truly 고정적이다. A final point of confusion can arise from its similarity to '안정적이다' (an-jeong-jeok-i-da - to be stable). While related, '고정적이다' emphasizes the lack of movement or change, whereas '안정적이다' implies a state of being secure and not prone to collapse or significant disruption, which can include some degree of change as long as it's within acceptable bounds.
Confusing 'Fixed' with 'Negative'
A common pitfall is to assume 고정적이다 carries a negative connotation of being 'stuck' or 'inflexible' in a bad way. While it can describe such situations, the word itself is neutral and simply means unchanging. Context is key.

Mistake: This job is 답답하다.

Correct: This job has 고정적인 tasks.
Incorrect Attributive Form
Using '고정적이다' before a noun is incorrect. The attributive form is '고정적인'. Example: '고정적인 income' (fixed income).

Mistake: 고정적이다 salary.

Correct: 고정적인 salary.
Confusing with 'Regular' or 'Frequent'
고정적이다 means unchanging, not just happening often. For something that happens regularly, use '정기적인' (jeonggi-jeok-in) or '자주' (jaju).

Mistake: He has 고정적인 visits to the gym.

Correct: He has frequent visits to the gym. (Use '자주' or '정기적인' for regular/frequent).
When describing something that is fixed or unchanging, several words can be used in Korean, each with slightly different nuances. 고정적이다 (go-jeong-jeok-i-da) is the most direct translation for 'fixed' or 'static'. It emphasizes the lack of movement or variation.

A closely related term is 안정적이다 (an-jeong-jeok-i-da), meaning 'to be stable'. While something that is 고정적이다 is usually also 안정적이다, 안정적이다 can encompass things that change but do so in a predictable, secure way, whereas 고정적이다 implies no change at all. For example, a 고정적인 salary is a type of 안정적인 income. However, a 안정적인 job might still involve some level of variation or adaptation, unlike a 고정적인 job description.

Another term is 영구적이다 (yeong-gu-jeok-i-da), meaning 'to be permanent'. This implies something that lasts forever, which is a stronger form of unchanging than 고정적이다. A 고정적인 price might be unchanged for a year, but a 영구적인 monument is intended to last indefinitely.

For things that are set in a particular place, 고정되다 (go-jeong-doe-da - to be fixed, to be fastened) is the verb form, often used for physical objects. For instance, '고정된 가구' (fixed furniture).

When referring to things that happen regularly or at set intervals, 정기적이다 (jeong-gi-jeok-i-da) or 규칙적이다 (gyu-chik-jeok-i-da) are more appropriate. '정기적인 검사' (regular inspection) is different from a 고정적인 inspection, which would imply the inspection itself never changes in its procedure or timing.

In contrast, words like 변화하다 (byeon-hwa-ha-da - to change), 유동적이다 (yu-dong-jeok-i-da - to be fluid/flexible), and 가변적이다 (ga-byeon-jeok-i-da - to be variable) describe the opposite of being fixed.

Here's a comparison:
고정적이다 (go-jeong-jeok-i-da)
Emphasizes lack of movement or change; static. Example: 고정적인 price.
안정적이다 (an-jeong-jeok-i-da)
Emphasizes security and lack of disruption; stable. Can include predictable change. Example: 안정적인 income.
영구적이다 (yeong-gu-jeok-i-da)
Emphasizes lasting forever; permanent. Example: 영구적인 damage.
정기적이다 (jeong-gi-jeok-i-da)
Emphasizes happening at set intervals; regular. Example: 정기적인 check-up.
유동적이다 (yu-dong-jeok-i-da)
Emphasizes constant change and flexibility; fluid. Example: 유동적인 market conditions.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The suffix '-적이다' is very productive in Korean, allowing for the creation of many abstract adjectives from nouns or other word roots. For example, '경제' (gyeongje - economy) becomes '경제적이다' (gyeongje-jeok-ida - to be economic). Similarly, '고정' (gojeong - fixed) becomes 고정적이다 (gojeong-jeok-ida - to be fixed).

発音ガイド

UK /ɡo.d͡ʑʌŋ.d͡ʑʌk.i.da/
US /ɡo.d͡ʑʌŋ.d͡ʑʌk.i.da/
Stress is generally fairly even across syllables in Korean, with a slight emphasis often falling on the first syllable or key syllables in a phrase.
韻が合う語
하다 (hada) 적이다 (jeok-ida) 이다 (ida) 같다 (gat-da) 많다 (manh-da) 작다 (jak-da) 많이다 (manh-ida) 적다 (jeok-da)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'go' as 'goh' with a long vowel.
  • Confusing the 'j' sound in 'jeong' and 'jeok' with an English 'dg' sound.
  • Not fully articulating the final 'k' sound in 'jeok'.
  • Adding an extra vowel sound after 'k'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Understanding <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> is straightforward for B1 learners. Its meaning is clear and its usage in common collocations like 'fixed price' or 'fixed salary' is easily recognizable. Advanced learners will encounter it in more abstract contexts, requiring a deeper understanding of nuanced meanings.

ライティング 3/5

B1 learners can effectively use <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> and its attributive form '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark>' in simple sentences. Higher levels might involve using it in more complex sentence structures or in formal writing where precise meanings are crucial.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronouncing and using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> in conversation is achievable for B1 learners. The key is differentiating between the predicate and attributive forms and using it in appropriate contexts, such as discussing stable prices or routines.

リスニング 3/5

Recognizing <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> in spoken Korean is generally easy for B1 learners, especially in contexts related to finance, work, or everyday routines where the meaning of 'fixed' is evident.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

이다 (ida - to be) 있다 (itda - to exist, to have) 하다 (hada - to do) 명사 (myeongsah - noun) 형용사 (hyeongyongsa - adjective)

次に学ぶ

유동적이다 (yudongjeok-ida - to be fluid/flexible) 변화하다 (byeonhwahada - to change) 안정적이다 (anjeongjeok-ida - to be stable) 영구적이다 (yeonggujeok-ida - to be permanent) 가변적이다 (gabyeonjeok-ida - to be variable)

上級

불변의 법칙 (bulbyeon-ui beopchik - immutable law) 고정 관념 (gojeong gwannyeom - fixed idea/stereotype) 정체되다 (jeongche-doeda - to stagnate) 획일적이다 (hoek-iljeok-ida - to be uniform/monotonous)

知っておくべき文法

Predicate Adjective Usage

Subject + 은/는 + Adjective + 이다. e.g., '이것은 고정적이다.'

Attributive Adjective Usage

Adjective(-ㄴ/은) + Noun. e.g., '고정적인 가격.'

Using Adverbs with Adjectives

Adverb + Adjective. e.g., '매우 고정적이다.'

Verb '되다' for Passive Meaning

Noun + 이/가 + 고정되다. e.g., '이것은 고정되었다. (This was fixed.)'

Negation of Adjectives

Noun + 은/는 + Adjective + 지 않다. e.g., '이것은 고정적이지 않다. (This is not fixed.)'

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レベル別の例文

1

이것은 고정적입니다.

This is fixed.

Simple predicate usage.

2

고정적인 가격.

Fixed price.

Attributive form before a noun.

3

그것은 변하지 않아요.

It does not change.

Using a simpler verb for 'not change'.

4

가격이 그대로예요.

The price is the same.

Using '그대로' for 'as is'.

5

이것은 고정이에요.

This is fixed.

Using '고정' as a noun with '이에요'.

6

정해진 시간.

Set time.

Using '정해진' (set/decided).

7

변하지 않는 것.

Thing that doesn't change.

Using '-지 않는' to negate a verb.

8

그것은 그대로 있습니다.

It remains as is.

Using '그대로' with '있다'.

1

이 식당의 메뉴는 고정적이다.

This restaurant's menu is fixed.

Predicate usage with a noun phrase.

2

고정적인 수입이 있어서 좋다.

It's good because there is a fixed income.

Attributive form and reason clause.

3

그의 생각은 잘 변하지 않아.

His thoughts don't change easily.

Using '잘' (well/easily) with negation.

4

매달 같은 금액을 낸다.

I pay the same amount every month.

Using '같은 금액' (same amount) and '매달' (every month).

5

이 가격은 고정되어 있습니다.

This price is fixed.

Using the passive verb form '고정되다'.

6

정해진 규칙을 따라야 한다.

We must follow the set rules.

Using '정해진' (set/decided) and '-야 한다' (must).

7

변하지 않는 진실.

Unchanging truth.

Attributive form of '-지 않다'.

8

그의 생활은 매우 규칙적이다.

His life is very regular.

Using '규칙적이다' (regular) as an alternative.

1

이 회사의 복지 정책은 매우 고정적이다.

This company's welfare policy is very fixed.

Predicate usage with an intensifier '매우'.

2

고정적인 월급은 생활에 안정감을 준다.

A fixed monthly salary gives a sense of stability in life.

Attributive form, noun phrase, and benefit clause.

3

그는 한번 결정한 것은 잘 바꾸지 않는다.

He doesn't easily change what he has decided once.

Using '-ㄴ/은 것은' and '잘 바꾸지 않는다'.

4

매년 동일한 여행 계획을 세운다.

We make the same travel plan every year.

Using '동일한' (same/identical) and '매년' (every year).

5

이 프로그램의 설정은 고정되어 있어서 변경이 어렵다.

The settings of this program are fixed, so changing them is difficult.

Passive verb form with a reason clause.

6

정해진 절차를 엄격하게 따라야 합니다.

We must strictly follow the set procedures.

Using '정해진' and '엄격하게' (strictly).

7

자연의 법칙은 변하지 않는 영원한 진리이다.

The laws of nature are unchanging eternal truths.

Using '-지 않는' with '영원한' (eternal).

8

그의 연설은 항상 규칙적인 패턴을 따른다.

His speech always follows a regular pattern.

Using '규칙적인' and '패턴' (pattern).

1

현재의 경제 상황은 매우 고정적인 특징을 보인다.

The current economic situation shows very fixed characteristics.

Predicate usage with a more complex noun phrase and '특징을 보인다' (shows characteristics).

2

고정적인 투자와 유동적인 자금 운용의 균형이 중요하다.

The balance between fixed investment and fluid fund management is important.

Attributive form used in a comparative statement.

3

그의 완고한 태도는 한번 자리 잡은 신념을 바꾸기 어렵게 만든다.

His stubborn attitude makes it difficult to change beliefs that have once taken root.

Using '완고한' (stubborn) and a complex verb phrase.

4

이 지역은 매년 동일한 기후 패턴을 유지한다.

This region maintains the same climate pattern every year.

Using '동일한' and '유지한다' (maintains).

5

소프트웨어 업데이트는 사용자가 임의로 변경할 수 없도록 고정되어 있다.

Software updates are fixed so that users cannot change them arbitrarily.

Passive verb form with a purpose clause using '-도록'.

6

정해진 규정을 준수하지 않으면 법적인 제재를 받을 수 있습니다.

If you do not comply with the set regulations, you may face legal sanctions.

Using '정해진' and '-지 않으면' (if not).

7

우주의 질서는 변하지 않는 근본적인 원리에 기반한다.

The order of the universe is based on unchanging fundamental principles.

Using '-지 않는' with abstract nouns like '원리' (principle).

8

그의 연설은 예상대로 규칙적인 리듬과 논조를 유지했다.

His speech, as expected, maintained a regular rhythm and tone.

Using '규칙적인' and '논조' (tone/stance).

1

전통적인 사회 구조는 종종 쉽게 변하지 않는 고정적인 특성을 지닌다.

Traditional social structures often possess fixed characteristics that do not change easily.

Complex sentence structure with multiple modifiers and '지닌다' (possesses).

2

고정적인 자산 관리와 유동적인 재무 전략의 조화로운 통합이 요구된다.

A harmonious integration of fixed asset management and fluid financial strategy is required.

Advanced vocabulary and abstract concepts.

3

그의 고루한 사고방식은 새로운 정보의 유입을 차단하는 고정적인 방어기제를 형성한다.

His outdated way of thinking forms a fixed defense mechanism that blocks the influx of new information.

Figurative language and abstract psychological concepts.

4

이 지역의 식생은 수천 년 동안 동일한 생태계 패턴을 답습해 왔다.

The vegetation in this region has followed the same ecosystem patterns for thousands of years.

Using '동일한' and '답습하다' (to follow/repeat an old pattern).

5

운영체제는 보안을 강화하기 위해 특정 핵심 모듈을 외부로부터 고정시켜 놓았다.

The operating system has fixed certain core modules from the outside to enhance security.

Passive verb form with a purpose clause and technical vocabulary.

6

모든 참가자는 사전에 공지된 정해진 규정을 절대적으로 준수해야 한다.

All participants must absolutely comply with the predetermined regulations announced in advance.

Using '정해진' with strong adverbs like '절대적으로' (absolutely).

7

시간과 공간의 제약은 우주를 구성하는 변하지 않는 근본적인 속성이다.

The constraints of time and space are unchanging fundamental properties that constitute the universe.

Philosophical and abstract concepts.

8

그의 연설은 일관된 논리와 예상 가능한 규칙적인 구조를 통해 청중을 설득했다.

His speech persuaded the audience through consistent logic and an predictably regular structure.

Using '규칙적인' with sophisticated vocabulary like '일관된' (consistent) and '논리' (logic).

1

역사적 맥락 속에서 특정 제도의 고정적인 성격은 사회 변동의 속도를 제약하는 요인이 된다.

In a historical context, the fixed nature of certain institutions becomes a factor that constrains the speed of social change.

Highly academic and abstract language, complex sentence structure.

2

포트폴리오 관리에서 고정적인 자산 배분과 유동적인 시장 상황에 대한 능동적인 대응 간의 미묘한 균형점을 찾는 것이 관건이다.

In portfolio management, finding the subtle balance between fixed asset allocation and proactive response to fluid market conditions is key.

Specialized financial terminology and sophisticated phrasing.

3

그의 견고하게 뿌리내린 편견은 새로운 학문적 패러다임의 도입을 가로막는 고정적인 정신적 장벽으로 작용한다.

His firmly rooted prejudice acts as a fixed mental barrier that obstructs the introduction of new academic paradigms.

Metaphorical language and advanced psychological/philosophical concepts.

4

지질학적 기록에 따르면, 이 지역의 지형은 수백만 년 동안 동일한 주요 구조적 패턴을 답습하며 형성되어 왔다.

According to geological records, the topography of this region has been formed by following the same major structural patterns for millions of years.

Scientific terminology and historical perspective.

5

데이터 무결성을 보장하기 위해, 운영체제는 커널의 핵심 함수들을 메모리 상에서 물리적으로 고정시키는 메커니즘을 활용한다.

To ensure data integrity, the operating system utilizes a mechanism that physically fixes the core functions of the kernel in memory.

Highly technical and precise language.

6

모든 규제 기관은 해당 산업의 안정성을 담보하기 위해 사전에 합의된 정해진 기준을 엄격하게 적용해야 할 의무가 있다.

All regulatory bodies have an obligation to strictly apply the predetermined standards agreed upon in advance to guarantee the stability of the industry.

Formal legal and regulatory language.

7

상대성 이론은 시간과 공간이 관찰자의 운동 상태에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 시사하지만, 그 근본적인 구조는 변하지 않는 보편적인 법칙에 의해 지배된다.

While the theory of relativity suggests that time and space can vary depending on the observer's state of motion, their fundamental structure is governed by unchanging universal laws.

Complex scientific and philosophical concepts.

8

그의 복잡하고 다층적인 연설은 치밀하게 계산된 논리와 예상 가능한 정교한 규칙성을 통해 청중의 이해를 심화시켰다.

His complex and multi-layered speech deepened the audience's understanding through meticulously calculated logic and predictably elaborate regularity.

Sophisticated literary and rhetorical analysis.

よく使う組み合わせ

고정적인 수입
고정적인 가격
고정적인 근무 시간
고정적인 정책
고정적인 패턴
고정적인 입장
고정적인 요금
고정적인 틀
고정적인 시스템
고정적인 믿음

よく使うフレーズ

고정적이다

— To be fixed, unchanging, or static.

이것은 고정적이다.

고정적인 ~

— Fixed/unchanging [noun]. Used attributively before a noun.

고정적인 가격.

매우 고정적이다

— To be very fixed or unchanging.

그의 의견은 매우 고정적이다.

고정적인 수입

— Fixed income; income that does not change.

그는 고정적인 수입이 있다.

고정적인 가격

— Fixed price; a price that does not fluctuate.

이 제품은 고정적인 가격이다.

고정적인 근무 시간

— Fixed working hours; a set schedule for work.

우리 회사는 고정적인 근무 시간을 운영한다.

고정적인 정책

— Fixed policy; a policy that is not easily changed.

정부는 고정적인 정책을 유지하고 있다.

고정적인 틀

— Fixed framework or mold; a rigid way of thinking or operating.

그녀는 고정적인 틀을 벗어나고 싶어 했다.

고정적인 패턴

— Fixed pattern; a routine or sequence that does not change.

그의 일상은 고정적인 패턴을 따랐다.

고정적인 입장

— Fixed stance or position; an opinion or attitude that is firm and unchanging.

그는 자신의 신념에 대해 고정적인 입장을 보였다.

よく混同される語

고정적이다 vs 안정적이다 (anjeongjeok-ida)

고정적이다 means unchanging, while 안정적이다 means stable and secure, which might allow for some predictable changes. A fixed salary (고정적인 월급) is stable (안정적인).

고정적이다 vs 유동적이다 (yudongjeok-ida)

고정적이다 (fixed) is the direct opposite of 유동적이다 (fluid/flexible). Prices can be 고정적이다 or 유동적이다.

고정적이다 vs 정해진 (jeonghaejin)

'정해진' means 'set' or 'decided', often used for times or rules. '고정적이다' implies a more inherent or continuous state of being fixed, not just decided at one point.

間違えやすい

고정적이다 vs 안정적이다

Both words relate to a lack of drastic change or disruption.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> implies absolute lack of change (static), while <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>안정적이다</mark> implies security and predictability, even if some minor changes occur. A <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark> salary is always the same, making it <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>안정적이다</mark> (stable).

그의 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark> 월급은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>안정적인</mark> 생활을 가능하게 한다. (His fixed salary makes a stable life possible.)

고정적이다 vs 유동적이다

They are antonyms, so understanding one helps define the other.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> means fixed and unchanging. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>유동적이다</mark> means fluid, flexible, and easily changeable. A <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark> price will not change, whereas a <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>유동적인</mark> price fluctuates based on market conditions.

주식 시장은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>유동적이다</mark>. (The stock market is fluid.) vs. 이 제품의 가격은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark>. (This product's price is fixed.)

고정적이다 vs 정기적이다

Both suggest regularity or a lack of randomness.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> means unchanging in its state or form. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>정기적이다</mark> means occurring at regular intervals. A meeting can be <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>정기적이다</mark> (regular) but its agenda might not be <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> (fixed).

그는 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>정기적으로</mark> 병원에 간다. (He goes to the hospital regularly.) vs. 그의 병은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark>. (His illness is fixed/unchanging.)

고정적이다 vs 영구적이다

Both imply long-term duration and resistance to change.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> means fixed, often for a significant period but not necessarily forever. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>영구적이다</mark> means permanent, lasting forever. A <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark> price might be for a year, while a <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>영구적인</mark> monument is meant to last indefinitely.

이 조약은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>영구적이다</mark>. (This treaty is permanent.)

고정적이다 vs 불변하다

Both mean unchanging.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>불변하다</mark> is a more profound and often philosophical term for immutable, usually applied to universal laws or truths. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> is more practical and describes things like prices, schedules, or physical states that are set.

자연의 법칙은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>불변하다</mark>. (The laws of nature are immutable.) vs. 그의 계획은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark>. (His plan is fixed.)

文型パターン

A1

Noun + 은/는 + 고정적이다.

이것은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark>.

A1

고정적인 + Noun.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark> 가격.

A2

Noun + 은/는 + 매우/아주 + 고정적이다.

그의 생각은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>매우 고정적이다</mark>.

A2

Noun + 은/는 + 고정되어 있다.

이 프로그램 설정은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정되어 있다</mark>.

B1

Noun + 은/는 + 고정적인 + Noun + 을/를 + 준다/만든다.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark> 수입은 안정감을 준다.

B1

Noun + 은/는 + 고정적이다 + -(으)나/지만 + Clause.

이것은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark>.<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>하지만</mark> 변화가 필요하다.

B2

Noun + 은/는 + 고정적인 + Noun + 의 + 특징을 보인다.

그의 연설은 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark> 패턴의 특징을 보였다.

C1

Noun + 은/는 + 고정적인 + Noun + 으로 인해 + Clause.

그의 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark> 사고방식으로 인해 발전이 더뎠다.

語族

名詞

고정 Fixation, setting, being fixed

動詞

고정되다 To be fixed, to become fixed
고정시키다 To fix, to fasten, to secure

形容詞

고정적이다 To be fixed, unchanging
고정적인 Fixed, unchanging (attributive form)

関連

고정 관념 Fixed idea, stereotype, prejudice
고정 자산 Fixed assets
고정 금리 Fixed interest rate
고정 요금 Fixed fee/charge
고정 수입 Fixed income
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使い方

frequency

High in specific contexts (finance, policy, work), Medium overall.

よくある間違い
  • Using '고정적이다' before a noun. → <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark>

    The attributive form '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark>' must be used when modifying a noun directly. Example: '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark> 수입' (fixed income), not '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다 수입</mark>'.

  • Confusing 'fixed' with 'regular' or 'frequent'. → Use '정기적이다' or '자주' for regular/frequent.

    '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark>' means unchanging, not just happening often. For example, '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark> 방문' is incorrect if you mean frequent visits; use '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>자주 있는 방문</mark>' (frequent visits).

  • Assuming '고정적이다' always has a negative connotation. → Understand its neutral meaning of 'unchanging'.

    '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark>' is neutral. While inflexibility can be negative, stability (like a fixed income) can be positive. Context determines the nuance.

  • Confusing with '안정적이다' (stable). → Use '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark>' for absolute lack of change, and '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>안정적이다</mark>' for security and predictability which might allow some change.

    A '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark>' salary is always the same, making it '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>안정적인</mark>' (stable).

  • Incorrectly negating the adjective. → Use '-지 않다' after the stem: '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이지 않다</mark>'.

    Instead of saying '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>안고정적이다</mark>' (which is not a word), the correct negation is '<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이지 않다</mark>' (not fixed).

ヒント

Predicate vs. Attributive

Remember to use '고정적이다' when it describes the subject directly at the end of a sentence (predicate). Use '고정적인' when it modifies a noun directly before it.

Connect to 'Cogent'

Think of the sound '고정' (gojeong) as similar to 'cogent'. A cogent argument is fixed in its logic and doesn't change, much like something described as 고정적이다.

Financial and Economic Contexts

You'll hear '고정적이다' frequently when discussing prices, salaries, interest rates, and budgets that are set and do not change.

Verb Forms

Besides the adjective '고정적이다', remember the verb forms: '고정되다' (to be fixed) and '고정시키다' (to fix something).

Neutrality of Meaning

While '고정적이다' can sometimes imply inflexibility, its core meaning is neutral, simply stating that something does not change. Context is key to understanding the connotation.

'고정적이다' vs. '안정적이다'

Use '고정적이다' for absolute lack of change and '안정적이다' for stability and security, which might include predictable variations.

Related Terms

Expand your vocabulary by learning related terms like '고정 관념' (fixed idea/stereotype) and '고정 금리' (fixed interest rate).

Syllable Clarity

Focus on pronouncing each syllable clearly, especially the 'jeong' and 'jeok' sounds, to ensure accurate pronunciation of 고정적이다.

Writing Practice

Write sentences describing things you consider 고정적이다 in your life, using both the predicate and attributive forms.

Listen for Context

When listening to Korean, pay attention to the context surrounding 고정적이다 to grasp its precise meaning (e.g., fixed price vs. fixed opinion).

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a 'go' kart that is firmly 'jeong' (fixed) in its parking spot. It's 'jeok' (stuck) there, 'i-da' (it is!). The go-kart is fixed!

視覚的連想

Picture a sturdy, old-fashioned padlock with the word 'FIXED' engraved on it. The padlock represents something that cannot be opened or changed, embodying the meaning of 고정적이다.

Word Web

Fixed Unchanging Static Stable Permanent Rigid Set Immobile

チャレンジ

Try to think of five different things in your daily life that are 고정적이다 and five things that are not. For example, your home address is 고정적이다, but the weather is not.

語源

The word 고정적이다 is derived from Sino-Korean characters. The first part, '고정' (gojeong), comes from the characters 固定, meaning 'to fix,' 'to fasten,' or 'to set.' The second part, '-적이다' (-jeok-ida), is a common Korean suffix that turns nouns or Sino-Korean words into adjectives, indicating 'characteristic of' or 'related to.' Thus, 고정적이다 literally means 'characteristic of being fixed' or 'related to being fixed.'

元の意味： Fixed, set, not moving.

Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)

文化的な背景

The term 고정적이다 is generally neutral. However, when describing people's opinions or behaviors, it can sometimes imply inflexibility or stubbornness, which might be perceived negatively depending on the situation. It's best to use it descriptively rather than judgmentally.

In English, 'fixed,' 'unchanging,' 'static,' 'stable,' 'permanent,' and 'rigid' are all related concepts. The nuance of 고정적이다 leans towards 'fixed' and 'unchanging' without necessarily implying rigidity unless context suggests it.

The concept of unchanging societal structures in traditional Korean society. The idea of fixed, traditional recipes passed down through generations. The contrast between traditional, 고정적인 ways of thinking and modern, adaptive approaches.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Discussing prices and costs.

  • 고정적인 가격
  • 가격이 고정적이다
  • 고정 요금

Talking about work and employment.

  • 고정적인 수입
  • 고정적인 근무 시간
  • 고정 급여

Describing policies and rules.

  • 고정적인 정책
  • 정해진 규정
  • 고정적인 절차

Referring to personal habits or routines.

  • 고정적인 생활 방식
  • 고정적인 패턴
  • 규칙적인 일과

Analyzing financial or economic situations.

  • 고정 금리
  • 고정 자산
  • 고정적인 투자

会話のきっかけ

"What are some things in your daily life that are 고정적이다?"

"Do you prefer 고정적인 plans or flexible ones?"

"Can you think of a situation where something 고정적이다 is a good thing?"

"What's the difference between 고정적이다 and 안정적이다?"

"How does a 고정적인 salary make you feel?"

日記のテーマ

Describe your morning routine. Is it <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark>?

Think about a policy at your school or workplace. Is it <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> or subject to change?

What are your thoughts on having a <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적인</mark> income versus a variable one?

Write about a time when you encountered something that was unexpectedly <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark>.

How can being too <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고정적이다</mark> be a disadvantage?

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'고정적이다' means strictly unchanging, static, or fixed. It implies no variation. '안정적이다' means stable and secure. While something that is 고정적이다 is usually also 안정적이다, 안정적이다 can sometimes include predictable changes as long as they don't disrupt the overall stability. For example, a 고정적인 salary is always the same, making it 안정적이다 (stable).

'정해진' (jeonghaejin) means 'set' or 'decided,' often applied to times, rules, or appointments that have been determined. '고정적이다' implies a more inherent or continuous state of being fixed and unchanging. For example, '정해진 시간' (set time) refers to a specific appointment time, while '고정적인 근무 시간' (fixed working hours) refers to a work schedule that does not change day-to-day.

Yes, absolutely. '고정적이다' can describe unchanging opinions, beliefs, viewpoints, or policies. For example, '그의 고정적인 생각' (his fixed way of thinking) or '회사의 고정적인 정책' (the company's fixed policy).

Yes, the verb form is '고정되다' (gojeong-doeda), meaning 'to be fixed' or 'to become fixed'. For example, '이것은 고정되었다' (This was fixed). There is also the transitive verb '고정시키다' (gojeong-sikida), meaning 'to fix' or 'to fasten'.

Not necessarily. While it can imply inflexibility which might be negative in some contexts (like a rigid mindset), it is often used neutrally to describe stability and predictability, which can be positive. For example, a '고정적인 수입' (fixed income) is generally seen as a good thing for financial security.

You can say '고정적인 가격' (gojeong-jeok-in gagyeok) or simply state that the price is fixed, like '가격이 고정적이다' (gagyeogi gojeongjeokida).

'고정적이다' means fixed, often for a substantial period but not necessarily forever. '영구적이다' means permanent, lasting forever. A '고정적인 policy' might be in place for several years, while a '영구적인 monument' is intended to last indefinitely.

Yes. For example, '이 가구는 고정적이다' (This furniture is fixed/immovable) or '고정적인 장치' (fixed device/apparatus) which implies it's installed in place.

You negate it using the pattern '-지 않다'. So, '고정적이지 않다' means 'not fixed' or 'not unchanging'. For example, '이 시장은 고정적이지 않다' (This market is not fixed).

Yes, '고정 관념' (gojeong gwannyeom) literally translates to 'fixed idea' or 'fixed notion', which is a stereotype or prejudice. Both words share the root '고정' (fixed), highlighting the unchanging nature.

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