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B2 verb 9分で読める

odrzucać

例文 メモとヒント odrzucać 30秒で
解説 odrzucać in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to master 'odrzucać' in all its forms, but you might see it in simple contexts like using a phone. Think of it as 'saying no' to a phone call. It is a 'big' word for 'throwing away' something you don't want. You might learn it as part of learning about 'rzucać' (to throw). At this stage, focus on the physical action: throwing something away from you. It's a useful word to know when you are tidying up or choosing between two things. You can think of it as the opposite of 'brać' (to take). If you don't take it, you might 'odrzucać' it. However, most A1 learners will use simpler words like 'nie chcieć' (not want).
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At the A2 level, you begin to see 'odrzucać' in more daily life situations. You might encounter it when talking about invitations. If you cannot go to a party, you 'odrzucasz zaproszenie' (reject the invitation). You also see it in technology—your computer or phone 'odrzuca' (rejects) a password if it is wrong. It's important to start noticing the difference between 'odrzucać' (throwing away/rejecting) and 'wyrzucać' (throwing out to the trash). At A2, you should be able to use it in simple present tense sentences to describe choices you make. It's a step up from 'nie lubić' or 'nie chcieć.'
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'odrzucać' in professional and social contexts. You can describe why a job application was rejected or why a friend might feel rejected. You start to understand the aspectual difference between 'odrzucać' (process/habit) and 'odrzucić' (completed action). You can also use it in the passive sense, like 'być odrzuconym' (to be rejected). This level requires you to handle the Accusative case correctly with this verb. You might also encounter it in news stories about laws being rejected by a parliament. It becomes a key tool for expressing refusal in a more formal or precise way.
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At the B2 level, which is the target for this word, you master the nuances of 'odrzucać.' You understand its metaphorical uses, such as 'odrzucać teorię' (rejecting a theory) or 'organizm odrzuca przeszczep' (the body rejects a transplant). You can use it in debates to dismiss an argument. You are aware of synonyms like 'oddalić' or 'odtrącić' and know when 'odrzucać' is the most appropriate choice. You can handle complex sentence structures, including conditional moods ('Gdybym był tobą, odrzucałbym takie oferty'). You also recognize it in various registers, from technical manuals to emotional literature. Your usage is fluid and grammatically precise.
At the C1 level, you use 'odrzucać' with stylistic flair. You might use it in academic writing to discuss the rejection of philosophical paradigms. You understand the historical and etymological roots that connect it to other 'rzucać' derivatives. You can use it in idiomatic expressions and understand subtle connotations, such as the difference between rejecting an idea out of hand versus after careful consideration. You are also proficient in using its noun form 'odrzucenie' in abstract discussions about psychology, sociology, or law. You can navigate the most formal legal or medical texts where 'odrzucać' appears with specific technical meanings.
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At the C2 level, 'odrzucać' is a word you use with the precision of a native speaker. You can play with its meanings in creative writing or complex rhetoric. You understand its role in the broader system of Polish word formation and can compare it to archaic or rare synonyms. You can use it to describe the most subtle forms of social exclusion or biological processes. Whether you are analyzing a legal verdict or a poem, you grasp every layer of meaning 'odrzucać' brings to the text. You are also capable of teaching the nuances of this word to others, explaining why it is chosen over 'odmawiać' or 'negować' in any given context.
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例文 メモとヒント

odrzucać 30秒で

  • Odrzucać means to reject or dismiss something.
  • It is an imperfective verb used for processes or habits.
  • Commonly used for job applications, phone calls, and ideas.
  • Grammatically, it takes the Accusative case for the object.

The Polish verb odrzucać is a versatile and essential term that primarily translates to 'to reject,' 'to dismiss,' or 'to discard.' At its core, it describes the act of not accepting something that has been offered, proposed, or presented. This can range from physical objects being thrown away to abstract ideas being dismissed in a boardroom. Understanding the nuances of odrzucać requires looking at its prefix od- (meaning away or back) and the root rzucać (to throw). Thus, the literal sense is 'to throw away' or 'to throw back.'

Formal Context
In professional environments, this word is frequently used when a committee or an authority figure decides not to move forward with a proposal, an application, or a legal claim. For instance, a court might dismiss a case, or a bank might reject a loan application.
Social and Emotional Context
In personal relationships, odrzucać carries a significant emotional weight. It describes the act of rebuffing someone's feelings or friendship. To feel 'odrzucony' (rejected) is a common human experience that Polish speakers express using this verb's passive participle form.

Komisja zdecydowała się odrzucać wszystkie wnioski, które nie spełniały wymogów formalnych.

Furthermore, the word is used in medical contexts, such as when the body rejects a transplanted organ (organizm odrzuca przeszczep). It is also used in sports or physical activities to describe the act of repelling an opponent or pushing something away forcefully. In the digital age, you will see this word on your smartphone when you 'decline' or 'reject' an incoming call. The breadth of its application makes it a B2-level staple, as it moves beyond simple physical actions into the realm of complex social and technical interactions. Whether you are talking about a job rejection, a discarded theory, or a physical repulsion, this verb provides the necessary linguistic tool to convey the act of saying 'no' or 'not this one.'

Nie powinieneś odrzucać pomocy tylko dlatego, że czujesz się dumny.

Technical/Scientific Usage
In logic and mathematics, it refers to the dismissal of a hypothesis or a variable that does not fit the criteria of an experiment or a formula.

Naukowcy zaczęli odrzucać stare teorie na rzecz nowych odkryć.

System automatycznie będzie odrzucać wiadomości typu spam.

Using odrzucać correctly involves understanding its grammatical government, which is primarily the Accusative case (Biernik). When you reject something or someone, that object or person takes the direct object form. For example, in the sentence 'Odrzucam tę ofertę' (I reject this offer), 'tę ofertę' is in the Accusative. This is consistent across most uses of the verb, whether physical or metaphorical.

Dlaczego zawsze musisz odrzucać moje zaproszenia na kawę?

The Imperfective Aspect
Because odrzucać is imperfective, it is used for habitual actions, ongoing processes, or when focusing on the duration of the rejection. If you are describing a policy of rejecting certain items, you use the imperfective. 'Firma odrzuca wadliwe produkty' (The company rejects defective products) implies a continuous quality control process.
The Passive Voice
The passive form 'być odrzucanym' is common when discussing the feeling of being rejected by society or a group. 'On czuje się odrzucany przez rówieśników' (He feels rejected by his peers). This emphasizes the state of the subject rather than the action of the rejector.

Możesz odrzucać połączenia od nieznanych numerów w ustawieniach telefonu.

Another interesting usage is in the context of physical movement. If you are cleaning and you 'throw aside' unwanted items, you are odrzucać them. For instance, 'Odrzucała zbędne papiery na bok' (She was throwing aside unnecessary papers). This highlights the root verb rzucać (to throw). In sports, like handball or football, a player might 'throw back' or 'repel' a ball, though specific sports terminology might prefer other verbs, odrzucać remains understood in a general sense of pushing back an attack.

Często zdarza mu się odrzucać dobre rady, co jest jego wielkim błędem.

Colloquial Usage
In slang, 'odrzucać' can sometimes mean to be repulsed by something, like a bad smell or a gross idea. 'Ten zapach mnie odrzuca' (That smell repulses me/makes me want to turn away).

Będziemy odrzucać wszelkie próby manipulacji naszymi wynikami.

You will encounter odrzucać in a variety of real-world scenarios in Poland. One of the most common places is in the job market. When candidates discuss their experiences, they often mention how companies 'odrzucają' applications. If you are listening to a podcast about career development, you might hear advice on how to handle the feeling of being rejected: 'Jak radzić sobie z tym, że pracodawcy odrzucają twoje CV?'

Wiele uczelni musi odrzucać świetnych kandydatów z powodu braku miejsc.

News and Media
In political news, you will hear that 'Sejm odrzucił poprawki' (The Sejm rejected the amendments) or 'Prezydent odrzuca oskarżenia' (The President dismisses the accusations). It is a standard term for official denial or refusal in the public sphere.
Technology and UI
If your phone is set to Polish, you will see 'Odrzuć' on the red button when someone calls you. Similarly, web browsers might ask if you want to 'odrzucić pliki cookies' (reject cookies).

Mój organizm zaczął odrzucać laktozę, więc muszę przejść na dietę.

In daily life, you might hear a parent telling a child to 'odrzucać zabawki na miejsce' (throw toys back to their place), though 'odkładać' (to put back) is more common for tidying. However, if there is a pile of things and you are sorting through them, odrzucać is the perfect word for the ones you don't want. In literature and film, it often appears in dramatic scenes where a protagonist 'odrzuca' a lifestyle, a crown, or a lover's plea, emphasizing a decisive break from the past.

Nie możemy odrzucać nowoczesnych rozwiązań technologicznych.

Medical Consultations
Doctors use it to describe biological rejection, such as a body rejecting a skin graft or a heart transplant.

Sąd może odrzucać zeznania świadków, jeśli uzna je za niewiarygodne.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing odrzucać (imperfective) with odrzucić (perfective). In Polish, aspect is crucial. If you say 'Odrzucam twoją propozycję' (I am rejecting your proposal), it sounds like a general stance or a process. If you have just made the decision and want to state it as a fact, 'Odrzuciłem twoją propozycję' (I rejected your proposal) is more natural. Using the imperfective when a single, finished action is meant can make you sound like the rejection is still happening or is a repeated habit.

Błąd: Muszę odrzucać tę jedną ofertę dzisiaj. (Poprawnie: Muszę odrzucić...)

Case Errors
Another mistake is using the wrong case. Remember: odrzucać + Biernik (Accusative). Do not use the Genitive unless the sentence is negative. 'Odrzucam ofertę' (Acc.) vs 'Nie odrzucam oferty' (Gen.).
Confusing with 'Odmówić'
Learners often confuse odrzucać with odmówić (to refuse). While similar, odmówić is usually followed by the Dative case (komuś) or an infinitive (odmówić zrobienia czegoś). Odrzucać is specifically for 'throwing away' or 'dismissing' an object or idea.

Pamiętaj: odrzucać coś (np. prezent), ale odmawiać komuś (np. koledze).

Finally, be careful with the reflexive form. There is no common reflexive form 'odrzucać się' in the sense of 'to reject oneself' (though 'odrzucać kogoś od siebie' exists). If you mean that you feel rejected, use the passive participle 'czuć się odrzuconym.' Misusing the reflexive can lead to confusing or nonsensical sentences.

Nie powinieneś odrzucać wszystkich propozycji bez ich przeczytania.

Preposition Pitfalls
Learners sometimes try to add 'od' (from) after the verb because of English 'reject from.' In Polish, it's just the verb and the noun: 'Odrzucić kandydata' (Reject a candidate).

On systematycznie będzie odrzucać twoje prośby, jeśli nie zmienisz tonu.

Polish has several words that overlap with odrzucać, and choosing the right one depends on the context and the level of formality you wish to achieve. Odmówić is the closest synonym but focuses on the act of refusal ('I refuse to go'). Oddalić is often used in legal contexts to mean 'to dismiss' (e.g., a claim or a lawsuit).

Odrzucać vs. Odtrącać
Odtrącać has a stronger emotional or physical connotation. It means to push someone away or to spurn someone's love. While odrzucać can be used for feelings, odtrącać sounds more personal and often more painful.
Odrzucać vs. Negować
Negować means to negate or deny the existence or truth of something. You would negować a fact or a value, whereas you would odrzucać a physical object or a formal proposal.

Zamiast odrzucać krytykę, spróbuj ją przeanalizować.

Another alternative is dyskwalifikować (to disqualify), used when someone or something fails to meet specific standards. If a fruit is too small for sale, a machine might odrzucać it, but the rules dyskwalifikują it. In a more casual setting, you might use olać (slang for 'to pee on' but meaning to ignore or blow off), though this is much less formal than odrzucać. Finally, porzucić means 'to abandon' (like a project or a child), which is a permanent form of rejection.

Nie możemy odrzucać tych ludzi tylko dlatego, że są inni.

Odrzucać vs. Wycofywać
Wycofywać means 'to withdraw.' You might withdraw a proposal yourself, but someone else would reject (odrzucić) it.

Musimy przestać odrzucać fakty, które nam nie pasują.

豆知識

The noun 'odrzut' also means 'jet' (as in a jet engine), because the engine 'throws back' gases to move forward.

発音ガイド

UK /ɔdˈʐu.t͡sat͡ɕ/
US /ɔdˈʐu.t͡sat͡ɕ/
Penultimate (second-to-last syllable: od-RZU-cać).
韻が合う語
wrzucać zrzucać podrzucać nawracać wywracać skracać obracać zatracać
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'rz' as 'r' followed by 'z'.
  • Confusing the 'ć' at the end with a hard 'c'.
  • Stressing the first syllable instead of the second.
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レベル別の例文

1

On odrzuca piłkę.

He throws the ball back.

Simple present tense.

2

Nie odrzucaj tego!

Don't throw that away!

Imperative form.

3

Odrzucam połączenie.

I am rejecting the call.

First person singular.

4

Dlaczego to odrzucasz?

Why are you rejecting this?

Question form.

5

Ona odrzuca jabłko.

She is throwing the apple aside.

Third person singular.

6

My odrzucamy stare rzeczy.

We are discarding old things.

First person plural.

7

Oni odrzucają śmieci.

They are throwing away trash.

Third person plural.

8

Odrzucam twoją pomoc.

I reject your help.

Direct object in Accusative.

1

Zawsze odrzucasz moje zaproszenia.

You always reject my invitations.

Habitual action.

2

System odrzuca hasło.

The system rejects the password.

Inanimate subject.

3

Nie powinniśmy odrzucać dobrych pomysłów.

We shouldn't reject good ideas.

Modal verb + infinitive.

4

Odrzucam tę ofertę pracy.

I am rejecting this job offer.

Formal context.

5

Dziecko odrzuca jedzenie.

The child is rejecting the food.

Physical rejection.

6

Odrzucamy niepotrzebne papiery.

We are discarding unnecessary papers.

Present continuous sense.

7

Czy on odrzuca twoje telefony?

Is he rejecting your calls?

Interrogative.

8

Odrzucam ten kolor, jest brzydki.

I reject this color, it's ugly.

Expressing preference.

1

Komisja często odrzuca wnioski bez uzasadnienia.

The committee often rejects applications without justification.

Professional usage.

2

Czuję się odrzucany przez grupę.

I feel rejected by the group.

Passive participle.

3

Musisz przestać odrzucać rzeczywistość.

You must stop rejecting reality.

Metaphorical usage.

4

Odrzucaliśmy tę możliwość przez długi czas.

We were rejecting this possibility for a long time.

Past imperfective.

5

Sąd odrzuca pozew z powodów formalnych.

The court rejects the lawsuit for formal reasons.

Legal context.

6

Nie odrzucaj szansy na sukces.

Don't reject the chance for success.

Negative imperative + Genitive.

7

Firma odrzuca reklamacje klientów.

The company rejects customer complaints.

Business context.

8

Odrzucam myśl o przeprowadzce.

I reject the thought of moving.

Mental process.

1

Organizm może odrzucać przeszczepiony narząd.

The body may reject a transplanted organ.

Medical terminology.

2

Odrzucam ten argument jako nielogiczny.

I dismiss this argument as illogical.

Rhetorical usage.

3

Zamiast odrzucać krytykę, wyciągnij z niej wnioski.

Instead of rejecting criticism, learn from it.

Gerund-like usage.

4

Nauka odrzuca przestarzałe paradygmaty.

Science rejects outdated paradigms.

Academic context.

5

Odrzucamy wszelkie próby szantażu.

We reject all attempts at blackmail.

Strong refusal.

6

Dlaczego system odrzuca moje połączenie VPN?

Why is the system rejecting my VPN connection?

IT context.

7

Odrzucała go myśl o powrocie do tamtego miejsca.

The thought of returning to that place repulsed her.

Repulsion meaning.

8

Będziemy odrzucać każdą wadliwą partię towaru.

We will reject every defective batch of goods.

Future imperfective.

1

Współczesna psychologia odrzuca determinizm biologiczny.

Modern psychology rejects biological determinism.

Scientific discourse.

2

Odrzucając konwenanse, stała się ikoną buntu.

By rejecting conventions, she became an icon of rebellion.

Present participle (imiesłów).

3

Nie wolno nam odrzucać dziedzictwa naszych przodków.

We must not reject the heritage of our ancestors.

Cultural discussion.

4

Instynktownie odrzucał każdą formę autorytetu.

He instinctively rejected every form of authority.

Adverbial modification.

5

Odrzucanie cudzych wartości prowadzi do izolacji.

Rejecting others' values leads to isolation.

Verbal noun (gerund).

6

Sąd Najwyższy może odrzucać kasacje.

The Supreme Court can reject appeals.

High-level legal usage.

7

Odrzucam tę interpretację jako zbyt powierzchowną.

I reject this interpretation as too superficial.

Analytical usage.

8

Czy można odrzucać miłość w imię kariery?

Can one reject love in the name of a career?

Philosophical question.

1

Ontologia egzystencjalna odrzuca pojęcie stałej istoty ludzkiej.

Existential ontology rejects the concept of a fixed human essence.

Highly academic.

2

Odrzucał te oskarżenia z niemal stoickim spokojem.

He dismissed those accusations with almost stoic calm.

Literary description.

3

Proces odrzucania przeszczepu jest niezwykle złożony.

The process of transplant rejection is extremely complex.

Technical noun usage.

4

Odrzucając a priori wszelkie dowody, stajesz się ignorantem.

By rejecting all evidence a priori, you become an ignorant person.

Latin phrase integration.

5

Wiersz ten odrzuca tradycyjną strukturę rymiczną.

This poem rejects traditional rhythmic structure.

Artistic analysis.

6

Społeczeństwo nie powinno odrzucać jednostek wybitnych.

Society should not reject outstanding individuals.

Sociological statement.

7

Odrzucam tę wizję świata jako dystopijną i szkodliwą.

I reject this vision of the world as dystopian and harmful.

Strong ideological stance.

8

Mechanizm ten odrzuca nadmiar energii w postaci ciepła.

This mechanism rejects excess energy in the form of heat.

Thermodynamics context.

類義語

odmawiać odtrącać oddalać eliminować negować dyskwalifikować porzucać lekceważyć

反対語

akceptować przyjmować uznawać zatwierdzać

よく使う組み合わせ

odrzucać ofertę
odrzucać wniosek
odrzucać połączenie
odrzucać przeszczep
odrzucać argument
odrzucać pomoc
odrzucać teorię
odrzucać oskarżenia
odrzucać zaproszenie
odrzucać poprawki

よく使うフレーズ

odrzucać na bok

— To throw something aside physically or metaphorically.

Odrzuć te papiery na bok.

odrzucać kogoś od siebie

— To push someone away emotionally.

Swoim zachowaniem odrzuca ludzi od siebie.

odrzucać myśl o czymś

— To dismiss a thought or idea.

Odrzucam myśl o porażce.

odrzucać błędy

— To filter out or discard errors.

Program odrzuca błędy w kodzie.

odrzucać kandydaturę

— To reject a candidacy.

Partia odrzuca jego kandydaturę.

odrzucać z góry

— To reject something from the start without checking.

Nie odrzucaj tego z góry.

odrzucać systemowo

— To reject something as part of a system.

Algorytm odrzuca te dane systemowo.

odrzucać rady

— To ignore or refuse advice.

Zawsze odrzucasz moje rady.

odrzucać reklamację

— To reject a warranty claim.

Sklep może odrzucać reklamacje bez paragonu.

odrzucać propozycję

— To decline a proposal.

Odrzucamy tę propozycję współpracy.

慣用句と表現

"odrzucać kogoś na kilometr"

— To be extremely repulsive or off-putting to someone.

Ten facet odrzuca mnie na kilometr.

informal
"odrzucać maskę"

— To stop pretending and show one's true face.

W końcu odrzucił maskę i pokazał, kim jest.

literary
"odrzucać stare buty"

— To get rid of something very old and useless.

Odrzuć te stare buty i kup nowe.

neutral
"odrzucać precz"

— To cast something away forcefully and far.

Odrzuć precz te smutne myśli!

literary
"odrzucać kogoś z kwitkiem"

— To send someone away empty-handed (usually 'odprawić').

Odrzucili go z kwitkiem z urzędu.

idiomatic
"odrzucać rękawicę"

— To reject a challenge (opposite of 'podjąć rękawicę').

Odrzucił rękawicę i nie stanął do walki.

literary
"coś kogoś odrzuca"

— Something makes someone feel physically sick or disgusted.

Odrzuca mnie na sam widok surowego mięsa.

informal
"odrzucać pokusę"

— To resist a temptation.

Z trudem odrzucał pokusę zjedzenia ciastka.

neutral
"odrzucać jarzmo"

— To throw off a yoke/oppression.

Naród odrzucił jarzmo niewoli.

historical/literary
"odrzucać skrupuły"

— To set aside one's doubts or moral hesitations.

Odrzucił skrupuły i zrobił to, co konieczne.

literary

語族

名詞

odrzucenie (rejection)
odrzut (rejection/recoil/jet)
odrzutek (outcast/reject)

動詞

odrzucić (perfective)
rzucać (to throw)
wyrzucać (to throw out)
podrzucać (to toss up/plant)

形容詞

odrzucony (rejected)
odrzutowy (jet-powered)
odrzucający (repulsive)

関連

rzut (throw)
przerzut (transfer)
zarzut (accusation)
rozrzut (spread)
nawias (bracket - often used with 'odrzucać' in logic)
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暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine you are holding a hot potato and you 'OD-RZU-CAĆ' (throw it away) because you don't want it.

視覚的連想

Picture a 'Reject' stamp hitting a paper. The sound of the stamp is the moment of 'odrzucenie'.

Word Web

rzucać odrzucać odrzucić odrzucenie odrzut odrzutek odrzutowiec odrzucany

チャレンジ

Try to use 'odrzucać' in three different contexts today: technology, social life, and abstract ideas.

語源

Derived from the Proto-Slavic root *vŕ̥gtī (to throw). The Polish 'rzucać' evolved from this, and the prefix 'od-' was added to signify direction away from the subject.

元の意味： To throw something away or back.

Indo-European, Slavic, West Slavic, Polish.

文化的な背景

English speakers might use 'decline' for invitations, which is more formal than 'odrzucać' can sometimes feel, though both are appropriate.

'Odrzucony' - a common theme in Polish Romantic literature (e.g., Mickiewicz). The 'Odrzuć' button on Polish Android/iOS interfaces. Scientific papers on 'odrzucanie przeszczepu' by famous Polish surgeons.
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