Quais 30秒で
- Quais means 'which ones' or 'what (plural)'.
- Used for multiple items/people.
- Plural interrogative/relative pronoun.
- Essential for asking about selections.
The Portuguese word 'Quais' is a plural interrogative or relative pronoun. It translates directly to 'Which ones' or 'What (plural)' in English. It is used when asking about or referring to a selection of items or people, implying there are multiple options available. 'Quais' is the plural form of 'Qual', which means 'Which' or 'What' (singular).
- Basic Meaning
- 'Which ones' or 'What (plural)'
- Usage Context
- Used when referring to or asking about multiple items, people, or options.
- Grammatical Function
- Interrogative pronoun (asking questions) or Relative pronoun (connecting clauses).
Imagine you are in a store with many shirts. If you want to ask which ones are on sale, you would use 'Quais'. For example, 'Quais camisas estão em promoção?' (Which shirts are on sale?). Similarly, if someone asks you to pick your favorite colors from a list, and you have several, you might respond by listing them, and the question leading to that answer could be 'Quais são as suas cores favoritas?' (Which are your favorite colors?).
Em uma loja, você vê muitas opções de sapatos. Você pergunta: 'Quais sapatos você prefere?' (Which shoes do you prefer?).
When 'Quais' acts as a relative pronoun, it connects a clause to a noun, referring back to a plural antecedent. For instance, 'Os livros quais eu comprei são interessantes.' (The books which I bought are interesting.) Here, 'quais' refers back to 'livros' (books).
Understanding 'Quais' is crucial for forming questions and making clear statements when dealing with multiple items. It helps distinguish between asking about one specific thing versus a group of things. Its versatility as both an interrogative and relative pronoun makes it a fundamental part of Portuguese grammar for learners at all levels.
Os alunos, quais estudaram muito, passaram no exame. (The students, who studied a lot, passed the exam.)
In summary, 'Quais' is your go-to word when you need to inquire about or refer to a selection of things or people. It's the plural counterpart to 'Qual' and plays a vital role in constructing a wide range of Portuguese sentences, from simple questions to more complex relative clauses.
Using 'Quais' correctly involves understanding its role as either an interrogative or a relative pronoun. As an interrogative pronoun, it introduces questions about multiple items or people. As a relative pronoun, it connects clauses by referring back to a plural noun.
- As an Interrogative Pronoun
- When asking questions, 'Quais' is used before a noun (or implied noun) when you are asking about a choice among several possibilities. It must agree in number with the noun it modifies or refers to.
- Examples (Interrogative)
- Quais são os seus livros favoritos? (Which are your favorite books?) - Here, 'Quais' refers to 'livros' (books), which is plural.
- Entre estas opções, quais você escolhe? (Among these options, which ones do you choose?) - 'Quais' refers to 'opções' (options), plural.
- Quais são os ingredientes principais desta receita? (What are the main ingredients of this recipe?) - 'Quais' refers to 'ingredientes' (ingredients), plural.
- Quais filmes você assistiu no fim de semana? (What movies did you watch on the weekend?) - 'Quais' refers to 'filmes' (movies), plural.
- As a Relative Pronoun
- As a relative pronoun, 'Quais' introduces a relative clause and refers back to a plural noun or pronoun. It often follows a preposition.
- Examples (Relative)
- Os presentes quais eu recebi eram lindos. (The presents which I received were beautiful.) - 'Quais' refers to 'presentes' (presents), plural.
- Estas são as músicas quais eu mais gosto. (These are the songs which I like the most.) - 'Quais' refers to 'músicas' (songs), plural.
- Ele mencionou os problemas quais estávamos enfrentando. (He mentioned the problems which we were facing.) - 'Quais' refers to 'problemas' (problems), plural.
- As cidades quais visitamos eram históricas. (The cities which we visited were historic.) - 'Quais' refers to 'cidades' (cities), plural.
- Os candidatos quais foram selecionados serão contatados. (The candidates who were selected will be contacted.) - 'Quais' refers to 'candidatos' (candidates), plural.
It is important to note that 'Quais' can be used with or without a preceding preposition depending on the sentence structure. However, it always refers to a plural antecedent.
As pessoas quais eu conheci na festa eram muito simpáticas. (The people whom I met at the party were very nice.)
When asking questions, 'Quais' can sometimes stand alone if the context makes the noun clear. For example, if someone shows you two different types of fruit and asks 'Qual você quer?', you might respond by pointing and saying 'Quais!'. However, it's more common and clearer to specify the noun or use it in a full question.
Mastering these uses of 'Quais' will greatly improve your ability to ask detailed questions and construct more sophisticated sentences in Portuguese, especially when discussing groups of things or people.
You'll encounter 'Quais' frequently in everyday Portuguese conversations, media, and literature. Its prevalence stems from its fundamental role in asking about multiple options and connecting ideas.
- Conversations
- In casual chats, people use 'Quais' when making choices or asking for preferences among several items. For instance, when friends are deciding where to eat, one might ask, 'Quais restaurantes vocês recomendam?' (Which restaurants do you recommend?). Or when shopping for clothes, 'Quais dessas blusas você gosta mais?' (Which of these blouses do you like more?).
- Media and Entertainment
- In TV shows, movies, and songs, 'Quais' is used in dialogues. Imagine a scene where a character is presented with multiple choices, like 'Quais são os seus planos para o futuro?' (What are your plans for the future?). In quiz shows, questions often start with 'Quais' to ask for a list of items or answers.
- Education and Learning
- Teachers frequently use 'Quais' when asking students questions about multiple answers or examples. 'Quais são os principais rios do Brasil?' (What are the main rivers of Brazil?). This helps students think about and list multiple relevant pieces of information.
- Formal Settings
- Even in more formal contexts, like meetings or presentations, 'Quais' is used. For example, 'Quais são as prioridades para o próximo trimestre?' (What are the priorities for the next quarter?). It's also common in written reports and academic papers.
Em uma entrevista de emprego: 'Quais são suas principais qualificações?' (What are your main qualifications?)
When reading Portuguese literature, you'll often find 'Quais' used in descriptions or character dialogues. For instance, a narrator might describe a character's thoughts: 'Ele ponderava sobre quais caminhos seguir.' (He pondered about which paths to take.)
Listening to Portuguese podcasts or news broadcasts is another excellent way to hear 'Quais' in context. News anchors might discuss 'Quais medidas serão tomadas?' (What measures will be taken?), and interviewees will respond using the same plural pronoun.
Em um noticiário: 'Os cientistas anunciaram quais foram os resultados da pesquisa.' (The scientists announced what the results of the research were.)
By actively listening and observing these contexts, you'll quickly grasp the natural flow and application of 'Quais' in Portuguese.
While 'Quais' is a common word, learners sometimes make mistakes, often related to confusing it with its singular form or misapplying its grammatical function. Being aware of these pitfalls can significantly improve your accuracy.
- Confusing 'Qual' and 'Quais'
- The most frequent error is using the singular 'Qual' when the context requires the plural 'Quais', or vice versa. Remember, 'Qual' is for singular nouns or when asking about one specific item, while 'Quais' is for plural nouns or when referring to multiple items.
- Mistake Example
- Incorrect: 'Qual livros você leu?' (Which books did you read?)
Correct: 'Quais livros você leu?' (Which books did you read?) - 'Livros' is plural, so 'Quais' is needed. - Omitting the Article or Noun
- Sometimes, learners might use 'Quais' without a clear noun or article following it, leading to ambiguity, especially in written form. While context can sometimes imply the noun, it's generally safer to include it or ensure the meaning is unambiguous.
- Mistake Example
- Ambiguous: 'Quais são?' (Which are?) - This can be understood in context, but might be unclear on its own.
Clearer: 'Quais opções você prefere?' (Which options do you prefer?) or 'Os livros quais?' (The books which?). - Incorrect Use as a Relative Pronoun
- When 'Quais' acts as a relative pronoun, it refers back to a plural noun. Using it incorrectly, for example, referring to a singular noun or using it in a way that doesn't connect to a preceding plural, is a mistake.
- Mistake Example
- Incorrect: 'O carro quais comprei é rápido.' (The car which I bought is fast.) - 'Carro' is singular.
Correct: 'O carro que comprei é rápido.' (The car that I bought is fast.) OR 'Os carros quais comprei são rápidos.' (The cars which I bought are fast.)
Mistake: 'Eu gosto das frutas qual são doces.' (I like the fruits which are sweet.)
Correct: 'Eu gosto das frutas quais são doces.' (I like the fruits which are sweet.)
Another common issue is overusing 'Quais' where 'Que' (meaning 'that' or 'which') would be more appropriate, especially in informal speech or when 'Quais' is not strictly necessary as a relative pronoun referring to multiple items after a preposition.
To avoid these mistakes, practice constructing sentences with both singular and plural nouns, paying close attention to the pronoun used. Reading and listening to native Portuguese speakers will also help you internalize the correct usage patterns.
In Portuguese, several words and phrases can be used in contexts similar to 'Quais', depending on the nuance and grammatical structure. Understanding these alternatives helps in choosing the most appropriate word.
- Qual (Singular)
- This is the most direct counterpart to 'Quais'. 'Qual' means 'Which' or 'What' (singular). It is used when referring to a single item or option.
- Comparison
- Use 'Qual' for singular nouns and 'Quais' for plural nouns.
- Examples
- Qual é o seu nome? (What is your name?) - Singular.
- Quais são os seus nomes? (What are your names?) - Plural.
- Qual livro você prefere? (Which book do you prefer?) - Singular.
- Quais livros você prefere? (Which books do you prefer?) - Plural.
- Que (That, Which, What)
- 'Que' is a very versatile word. As a relative pronoun, it can often replace 'Quais' when referring to things, especially in less formal contexts or when it doesn't follow a preposition. It can also mean 'What' in exclamations.
- Comparison
- 'Quais' is more specific when asking 'which ones' among a distinct set of options, especially when it follows a preposition. 'Que' is a more general relative pronoun and can often be used interchangeably with 'Quais' for inanimate objects, though 'Quais' is preferred when referring to people or when clarity demands the plural form.
- Examples
- Os carros que vimos eram bonitos. (The cars that we saw were beautiful.) - Here, 'que' is used instead of 'quais'.
- Os carros quais vimos eram bonitos. (The cars which we saw were beautiful.) - Also correct, perhaps slightly more formal or emphatic.
- What a beautiful day! - Que dia lindo! (Here 'Que' means 'What' in an exclamation, not 'which ones'.)
- O que (What)
- 'O que' is used to ask 'What' when referring to actions or general situations, and it can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'that which'.
- Comparison
- 'Quais' specifically asks about a selection of plural items. 'O que' asks 'What' in a broader sense, often about an unknown thing or action.
- Examples
- O que você está fazendo? (What are you doing?) - Asking about an action.
- Eu não sei o que dizer. (I don't know what to say.) - Asking about an unknown thing.
- O que você está fazendo? (What are you doing?) - Asking about an action.
When choosing fruits, you might ask: 'Quais frutas estão maduras?' (Which fruits are ripe?) vs. 'O que você quer comer?' (What do you want to eat?).
In essence, while 'Quais' is specific to plural choices, 'Qual' handles singular choices, and 'Que' and 'O que' offer broader uses as relative pronouns or interrogatives for general 'what' or 'that'.
How Formal Is It?
"Os documentos <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>quais</mark> foram submetidos serão analisados."
"Quais livros você leu este mês?"
"Quais desses você quer?"
"Quais são seus brinquedos favoritos?"
豆知識
The Latin root 'quālis' is also the origin of the English word 'quality', highlighting a shared linguistic ancestry. Both 'Quais' and 'quality' stem from the idea of describing the nature or kind of something.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'qu' as 'k'.
- Using a short 'i' sound instead of the diphthong 'ai'.
- Not pronouncing the final 's' or 'z' sound clearly.
難易度
Recognizing 'Quais' in written text is straightforward once its plural function is understood. It often appears in questions or relative clauses.
Choosing between 'Qual' and 'Quais' requires careful attention to the number of the noun. Using 'Quais' correctly as a relative pronoun also demands grammatical understanding.
Pronunciation is relatively simple, but learners might hesitate when deciding between singular and plural forms in spontaneous speech.
Distinguishing 'Qual' from 'Quais' in spoken Portuguese is usually clear due to context and the final 's' or 'z' sound in 'Quais'.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
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知っておくべき文法
Concordância do Pronome com o Substantivo
O pronome 'Quais' deve concordar em número com o substantivo a que se refere. Ex: 'Os livros' (plural) -> 'Quais livros'; 'O livro' (singular) -> 'Qual livro'.
Uso de 'Quais' como Pronome Relativo
'Quais' pode introduzir uma oração subordinada adjetiva, referindo-se a um antecedente plural. Ex: 'Os relatórios quais preparamos são confidenciais.'
Diferença entre 'Qual/Quais' e 'Que'
'Qual/Quais' são usados para perguntar ou especificar entre opções. 'Que' é um pronome relativo mais geral. Ex: 'Quais são as suas cores?' vs. 'As cores que eu escolhi.'
Uso de Preposições com 'Quais'
'Quais' pode ser precedido por preposições. Ex: 'A respeito dos assuntos quais falamos...'
Perguntas Indiretas com 'Quais'
Em perguntas indiretas, 'Quais' mantém sua forma plural. Ex: 'Eu gostaria de saber quais são as suas prioridades.'
レベル別の例文
Quais são as cores?
Which are the colors?
'Quais' is used here to ask about multiple colors. It's the plural interrogative pronoun.
Quais livros você gosta?
Which books do you like?
'Quais' refers to the plural noun 'livros' (books).
Quais são seus sapatos?
Which are your shoes?
'Quais' is used because 'sapatos' (shoes) is plural.
Quais frutas você quer?
Which fruits do you want?
Asking about a selection of plural items ('frutas').
Quais são os nomes?
What are the names?
'Quais' is used for plural 'nomes' (names).
Quais são as opções?
What are the options?
'Quais' asks about multiple 'opções' (options).
Quais são os dias?
Which are the days?
'Quais' refers to the plural noun 'dias' (days).
Quais são os números?
What are the numbers?
'Quais' is used for the plural noun 'números' (numbers).
Os carros quais ele comprou são vermelhos.
The cars which he bought are red.
'Quais' functions as a relative pronoun referring to the plural noun 'carros' (cars).
Estas são as casas quais visitamos.
These are the houses which we visited.
'Quais' connects the relative clause to the plural noun 'casas' (houses).
Os alunos quais estudaram passaram.
The students who studied passed.
'Quais' refers back to the plural noun 'alunos' (students).
Os livros quais eu indiquei são interessantes.
The books which I recommended are interesting.
'Quais' introduces a relative clause modifying 'livros' (books).
As cidades quais ele mencionou são famosas.
The cities which he mentioned are famous.
'Quais' relates the clause 'ele mencionou' to the plural noun 'cidades' (cities).
Os amigos quais conheci são simpáticos.
The friends whom I met are nice.
'Quais' is used as a relative pronoun for the plural noun 'amigos' (friends).
Os problemas quais discutimos são complexos.
The problems which we discussed are complex.
'Quais' refers to the plural noun 'problemas' (problems).
As ideias quais propomos foram aceitas.
The ideas which we proposed were accepted.
'Quais' introduces a relative clause for the plural noun 'ideias' (ideas).
Entre as muitas opções de carreira, quais você considera mais promissoras?
Among the many career options, which ones do you consider most promising?
'Quais' is used to ask about a selection from multiple 'opções' (options).
Os documentos quais precisamos para a viagem estão aqui.
The documents which we need for the trip are here.
'Quais' functions as a relative pronoun referring to the plural noun 'documentos' (documents).
Quais são os principais desafios que a sociedade enfrenta hoje?
What are the main challenges that society faces today?
'Quais' asks about multiple 'desafios' (challenges).
As metas quais estabelecemos precisam ser alcançadas.
The goals which we set need to be achieved.
'Quais' connects the relative clause to the plural noun 'metas' (goals).
Quais são os benefícios de aprender um novo idioma?
What are the benefits of learning a new language?
'Quais' is used to inquire about multiple 'benefícios' (benefits).
Os argumentos quais ele apresentou foram convincentes.
The arguments which he presented were convincing.
'Quais' refers to the plural noun 'argumentos' (arguments).
Quais são as diferenças entre os dois modelos?
What are the differences between the two models?
'Quais' asks about multiple 'diferenças' (differences).
As estratégias quais a empresa adotou tiveram sucesso.
The strategies which the company adopted were successful.
'Quais' introduces a relative clause for the plural noun 'estratégias' (strategies).
Os resultados quais a pesquisa obteve são surpreendentes.
The results which the research obtained are surprising.
'Quais' functions as a relative pronoun referring to the plural noun 'resultados' (results).
Quais são os fatores que mais influenciam a decisão do consumidor?
What are the factors that most influence consumer decision?
'Quais' is used to ask about multiple 'fatores' (factors).
As medidas quais o governo implementou visam reduzir a inflação.
The measures which the government implemented aim to reduce inflation.
'Quais' connects the relative clause to the plural noun 'medidas' (measures).
Quais são as implicações éticas do uso de inteligência artificial?
What are the ethical implications of using artificial intelligence?
'Quais' inquires about multiple 'implicações' (implications).
Os eventos quais o autor descreve no livro são fictícios.
The events which the author describes in the book are fictional.
'Quais' refers to the plural noun 'eventos' (events).
Quais são os principais obstáculos para o desenvolvimento sustentável?
What are the main obstacles to sustainable development?
'Quais' asks about multiple 'obstáculos' (obstacles).
As teorias quais ele propôs foram revolucionárias.
The theories which he proposed were revolutionary.
'Quais' introduces a relative clause for the plural noun 'teorias' (theories).
Quais são as consequências de longo prazo dessa decisão?
What are the long-term consequences of this decision?
'Quais' is used to ask about multiple 'consequências' (consequences).
Os princípios quais regem essa filosofia são universais.
The principles which govern this philosophy are universal.
'Quais' functions as a relative pronoun referring to the plural noun 'princípios' (principles).
Quais são as nuances semânticas que distinguem esses termos?
What are the semantic nuances that distinguish these terms?
'Quais' is used to inquire about multiple 'nuances' (nuances).
As convenções quais o artista explora em sua obra são complexas.
The conventions which the artist explores in his work are complex.
'Quais' connects the relative clause to the plural noun 'convenções' (conventions).
Quais são os elementos cruciais para a formulação de uma política eficaz?
What are the crucial elements for formulating an effective policy?
'Quais' asks about multiple 'elementos' (elements).
Os métodos quais os cientistas empregam são rigorosos.
The methods which the scientists employ are rigorous.
'Quais' refers to the plural noun 'métodos' (methods).
Quais são os pressupostos subjacentes a essa teoria econômica?
What are the underlying assumptions of this economic theory?
'Quais' is used to inquire about multiple 'pressupostos' (assumptions).
As implicações quais a globalização acarreta são multifacetadas.
The implications which globalization entails are multifaceted.
'Quais' introduces a relative clause for the plural noun 'implicações' (implications).
Quais são os paradigmas que moldam a compreensão contemporânea da realidade?
What are the paradigms that shape contemporary understanding of reality?
'Quais' asks about multiple 'paradigmas' (paradigms).
Os axiomas quais fundamentam essa disciplina matemática são autoevidentes.
The axioms which underpin this mathematical discipline are self-evident.
'Quais' functions as a relative pronoun referring to the plural noun 'axiomas' (axioms).
Quais são as interconexões sutis entre os diversos sistemas filosóficos?
What are the subtle interconnections between the various philosophical systems?
'Quais' is used to inquire about multiple 'interconexões' (interconnections).
As premissas quais o autor utiliza para construir seu argumento são rigorosamente examinadas.
The premises which the author uses to construct his argument are rigorously examined.
'Quais' connects the relative clause to the plural noun 'premissas' (premises).
Quais são as ramificações ontológicas de uma visão de mundo determinista?
What are the ontological ramifications of a deterministic worldview?
'Quais' asks about multiple 'ramificações' (ramifications).
Os postulados quais a teoria se baseia foram amplamente aceitos.
The postulates which the theory is based on were widely accepted.
'Quais' refers to the plural noun 'postulados' (postulates).
Quais são as implicações epistemológicas da revolução científica?
What are the epistemological implications of the scientific revolution?
'Quais' is used to inquire about multiple 'implicações' (implications).
As variáveis quais o modelo estatístico considera são numerosas.
The variables which the statistical model considers are numerous.
'Quais' introduces a relative clause for the plural noun 'variáveis' (variables).
Quais são os critérios para a validação de um conhecimento científico?
What are the criteria for the validation of scientific knowledge?
'Quais' asks about multiple 'critérios' (criteria).
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— What are your names? (Used when asking for the names of multiple people).
Vocês são irmãos? Quais são seus nomes?
— What are the options? (Used when presenting or inquiring about a selection of choices).
Temos três planos. Quais são as opções?
— Which books did you read? (Asking about a selection of books).
Você gosta de ler? Quais livros você leu recentemente?
— Which colors do you prefer? (Asking about preferences among multiple colors).
Para pintar o quarto, quais cores você prefere?
— What are the ingredients? (Used when asking about the components of something, like a recipe).
Essa sopa parece deliciosa. Quais são os ingredientes?
— What are your plans? (Used when asking about future intentions or arrangements for multiple events or a period).
O que você vai fazer nas férias? Quais são os seus planos?
— What are the reasons? (Asking for the causes or explanations for something).
Por que você decidiu mudar? Quais são os motivos?
— What are the advantages? (Asking about the benefits or positive aspects of something).
Este novo sistema parece bom. Quais são as vantagens?
— What are the problems? (Asking about issues or difficulties).
Temos que resolver isso. Quais são os problemas?
— Which of these? (Used when pointing to or referring to a specific group of items).
Temos várias camisas. Quais destes você quer comprar?
よく混同される語
'Qual' is the singular form. 'Quais' is used for plural nouns. Confusing them is a common mistake.
'Que' can sometimes replace 'quais' as a relative pronoun for things, but 'quais' is more specific for plural choices and often used after prepositions.
'O que' asks 'What' in a general sense, not specifically 'which ones' from a plural set.
慣用句と表現
— To know who to turn to for help; to know where to seek assistance or advice.
Quando tive problemas com o projeto, soube a quais santos recorrer.
Idiomatic— To not know who to turn to for help; to be at a loss for where to seek assistance or advice.
Ele estava tão desesperado que não sabia a quais santos recorrer.
Idiomatic— At what cost; regardless of the price or effort involved. (Less common, often implied).
Ele decidiu ter sucesso a quais custas.
Formal/Literary— Whatever may be; no matter what. (Formal usage).
Quaisquer que sejam as dificuldades, ele continuará lutando.
Formal— To what ends; for what purpose. (Formal and somewhat archaic).
Ele agiu assim a quais fins?
Formal/Archaic— A more colloquial and sometimes less precise way of saying 'quais'. Often used in informal speech.
Quais que você prefere?
Informal— Similar to 'quais destes/deles', used informally to ask 'which of'.
Quais dos livros você já leu?
Informal— What's new? (A common greeting or way to ask for updates).
Oi, amigo! Quais são as novidades?
Informal— What are yours? (Often used in questions about possessions or preferences).
Estes são os meus sapatos. Quais são os seus?
Neutral— What are yours? (Often used in questions about possessions or preferences).
Estas são as minhas ideias. Quais são as suas?
Neutral間違えやすい
Both are interrogative/relative pronouns asking about choice.
'Qual' is singular, referring to one item. 'Quais' is plural, referring to multiple items. Example: 'Qual livro você quer?' vs. 'Quais livros você quer?'
Qual é a sua cor favorita? (singular) vs. Quais são as suas cores favoritas? (plural)
Both can function as relative pronouns.
'Quais' is specifically plural and often used after prepositions. 'Que' is more general and can often replace 'quais' for inanimate objects. Example: 'Os carros <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>quais</mark> comprei' (more formal/specific) vs. 'Os carros <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>que</mark> comprei' (more common).
Os filmes <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>quais</mark> assistimos eram bons. (formal) vs. Os filmes <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>que</mark> assistimos eram bons. (common)
Both are interrogative pronouns.
'Quais' asks 'which ones' from a plural set. 'O que' asks 'what' generally, often about an action or unknown thing. Example: 'Quais opções você tem?' (Which options do you have?) vs. 'O que você vai fazer?' (What are you going to do?).
Quais são os seus planos? (asking about specific plural plans) vs. O que você quer fazer? (asking about a general activity)
Both relate to groups of items.
'Quais' refers to a selection or subset of items. 'Todos' refers to the entire group. Example: 'Quais desses são seus?' (Which of these are yours?) vs. 'Todos esses são meus.' (All of these are mine).
Quais alunos vieram? (Which students came?) vs. Todos os alunos vieram. (All students came.)
Both refer to multiple items.
'Quais' asks 'which ones' from a selection. 'Alguns' means 'some' and indicates an unspecified number. Example: 'Quais você quer?' (Which ones do you want?) vs. 'Eu quero alguns.' (I want some.).
Quais livros você comprou? (Asking for specific titles) vs. Comprei alguns livros. (Stating an unspecified quantity)
文型パターン
Quais são [plural noun]?
Quais são as frutas?
Quais [plural noun] você [verb]?
Quais carros você quer?
[Plural noun] <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>quais</mark> [relative clause].
Os livros <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>quais</mark> eu comprei.
Quais são os/as [plural noun]?
Quais são os motivos?
Entre [options], quais você [verb]?
Entre as opções, quais você prefere?
[Plural noun] <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>quais</mark> [verb] [complement].
Os alunos <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>quais</mark> estudaram passaram.
Quais são os/as [plural noun] que [clause]?
Quais são os fatores que influenciam a decisão?
[Preposition] [plural noun] <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>quais</mark> [clause].
A respeito dos assuntos <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>quais</mark> discutimos...
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
High
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Using 'Qual' instead of 'Quais' with plural nouns.
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'Quais' is the plural form.
Forgetting that 'Quais' is plural leads to incorrect sentences. For example, 'Qual livros você leu?' is wrong. It should be '<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>Quais</mark> livros você leu?'
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Using 'Quais' with singular nouns.
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Use 'Qual' for singular nouns.
Conversely, using 'Quais' with a singular noun is incorrect. For example, 'Quais é o seu nome?' is wrong. It should be 'Qual é o seu nome?'
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Confusing 'Quais' with 'Que' as a relative pronoun.
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'Quais' is more specific for plural choices, especially after prepositions. 'Que' is more general.
While 'que' can sometimes substitute 'quais' for inanimate objects, 'quais' is preferred after prepositions (e.g., 'Os assuntos <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>quais</mark> falamos') and for people. Using 'que' incorrectly can sound awkward or be grammatically imprecise.
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Incorrectly assuming 'Quais' can always replace 'Que' or 'O que'.
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'Quais' specifically asks 'which ones' from a plural set. 'O que' asks 'what' generally.
'Quais' is not a universal substitute for 'what'. 'Quais são os seus planos?' (Which are your plans?) is correct, but 'Quais você vai fazer?' (What will you do?) is incorrect; it should be 'O que você vai fazer?'
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Omitting the noun or article after 'Quais' in formal writing.
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Include the noun or article for clarity.
While context might allow for implied nouns in speech, in formal writing, it's better to be explicit. For example, instead of just 'Quais?', write '<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>Quais</mark> opções você prefere?' for better clarity.
ヒント
Number Agreement
Always remember that 'Quais' is plural. It must agree with the plural noun it refers to. If you're unsure, check if the noun is singular or plural. For example, 'Quais são os livros?' (plural) is correct, but 'Quais é o livro?' would be incorrect.
Asking for Choices
Use 'Quais' when you want someone to choose from a group of options. For example, 'Quais cores você prefere?' (Which colors do you prefer?) is a perfect way to ask for a selection.
The 'Z' Sound
In many Portuguese dialects, the final 's' in 'Quais' is pronounced like a 'z' sound. So, it sounds more like 'kwai-z'. Practice this to sound more natural.
Singular vs. Plural
Keep 'Qual' (singular) and 'Quais' (plural) distinct. Think of 'Qual' like 'Which one?' and 'Quais' like 'Which ones?' This simple distinction is key to correct usage.
Relative Pronoun Use
As a relative pronoun, 'Quais' connects clauses and refers back to a plural noun. It's often used after prepositions. For example: 'Os documentos quais eu enviei.' (The documents which I sent.).
Sentence Building
Write sentences using 'Quais' in different contexts: as a question, as a relative pronoun, with different nouns. This active practice solidifies understanding.
'Quais' vs. 'Que'
While 'que' can sometimes substitute 'quais' as a relative pronoun for things, 'quais' is more specific for plural choices, especially after prepositions, and is the standard for people. When in doubt, using 'quais' for plural items after a preposition is often safer.
Visual Aids
Create flashcards with 'Quais' on one side and examples like 'Which ones?' or images of multiple items on the other. Visuals help reinforce the plural concept.
Active Listening
When listening to Portuguese, pay close attention to when speakers use 'Quais'. Try to identify the noun it refers to and the context of the question or statement.
Everyday Questions
Familiarize yourself with common phrases like 'Quais são os seus planos?' (What are your plans?) or 'Quais são as novidades?' (What's new?). These are practical and frequently used.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'Quais' sounding like 'kwai-z' (like the plural of 'quiz'). When you have multiple quizzes ('quais'), you need to ask 'Which ones?' ('Quais?').
視覚的連想
Picture a person looking at a shelf full of books and asking, 'Quais books should I read?' The image of multiple books prompts the plural question.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to ask five different questions using 'Quais' about items you see around you right now. For example, if you see multiple pens, ask 'Quais canetas funcionam?' (Which pens work?).
語源
The word 'Quais' originates from the Latin word 'quālis', which means 'of what kind' or 'of what sort'. This Latin root is common to many Romance languages for words related to questioning and quality.
元の意味： Of what kind; of what sort.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Portuguese文化的な背景
No specific sensitivity issues are associated with the word 'Quais' itself. Its usage is purely grammatical and contextual.
In English, we often use 'Which ones?' or 'What are...?' when referring to plural items. 'Quais' serves a similar function in Portuguese.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Asking for preferences among multiple items.
- Quais cores você prefere?
- Quais sapatos você gosta mais?
- Quais sabores você quer?
Inquiring about a list of things.
- Quais são os ingredientes?
- Quais são os nomes?
- Quais são os planos?
Identifying items in a group.
- Quais destes você vai levar?
- Quais deles são seus?
- Quais são os carros vermelhos?
Relative clauses referring to plural nouns.
- Os livros quais comprei.
- As casas quais visitamos.
- Os amigos quais conheci.
General questions about multiple entities.
- Quais são os desafios?
- Quais são as vantagens?
- Quais são os motivos?
会話のきっかけ
"Se você pudesse escolher entre estas opções, quais você escolheria e por quê?"
"Quais são as suas memórias favoritas de infância?"
"Se você fosse viajar para um país estrangeiro, quais países estariam na sua lista?"
"Quais são os seus objetivos para o próximo ano?"
"Quais filmes ou séries você assistiu recentemente e recomendaria?"
日記のテーマ
Liste cinco coisas pelas quais você é grato hoje. Use 'Quais são...' para introduzir sua lista.
Pense em um desafio que você enfrentou. Quais foram os passos que você tomou para superá-lo?
Se você pudesse ter superpoderes, quais você escolheria e como os usaria?
Descreva um lugar que você adoraria visitar. Quais atrações você gostaria de ver lá?
Reflita sobre suas metas de aprendizado. Quais habilidades você deseja desenvolver nos próximos meses?
よくある質問
10 問The main difference is number. 'Qual' is singular and is used when referring to one item or person. 'Quais' is plural and is used when referring to two or more items or people. For example, 'Qual livro você leu?' (Which book did you read?) versus 'Quais livros você leu?' (Which books did you read?).
Yes, 'Quais' can be used for people, just like it's used for things. For example, 'Quais pessoas estavam na reunião?' (Which people were at the meeting?). It is always plural.
'Que' can often replace 'quais' as a relative pronoun, especially when referring to inanimate objects and in less formal contexts. For example, 'Os carros quais ele comprou' is correct, but 'Os carros que ele comprou' is also very common and often preferred in informal speech. However, 'quais' is generally preferred after prepositions and when referring to people.
No, 'Quais' does not change form based on gender. It is always plural and used for both masculine and feminine plural nouns. For example, 'Quais carros?' (masculine plural) and 'Quais casas?' (feminine plural).
'Quais' is used to ask 'which ones' from a selection of multiple items. 'O que' is used to ask 'what' in a more general sense, often about an action, an unknown thing, or a singular concept. For example, 'Quais opções você tem?' (Which options do you have?) versus 'O que você quer?' (What do you want?).
Yes, 'Quais' can be used to inquire about specific items within a quantity. For instance, 'Quais desses você quer comprar?' (Which of these do you want to buy?). It focuses on selection rather than the total quantity itself.
Both mean 'which of these' or 'which of them'. 'Destes' refers to items that are closer or more immediate (this/these), while 'deles' refers to items that are more distant or previously mentioned (of them). The usage depends on the context and proximity of the items being referred to.
Yes, 'Quais quer que' is considered more formal and literary. It translates to 'whichever' or 'any that'. In everyday conversation, simpler phrasing might be used.
You would use 'Quais são os problemas?' This is a direct translation and a common phrase. 'Problemas' is plural, so 'Quais' is used.
In very specific contexts where the noun is clearly understood, 'Quais?' might be used as a standalone question. However, it's generally clearer and more complete to include the noun or use a fuller sentence structure, especially for learners.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Use 'Quais' when referring to or asking about multiple items or people, translating to 'which ones' or 'what (plural)'. It's the plural counterpart to 'Qual'.
- Quais means 'which ones' or 'what (plural)'.
- Used for multiple items/people.
- Plural interrogative/relative pronoun.
- Essential for asking about selections.
Number Agreement
Always remember that 'Quais' is plural. It must agree with the plural noun it refers to. If you're unsure, check if the noun is singular or plural. For example, 'Quais são os livros?' (plural) is correct, but 'Quais é o livro?' would be incorrect.
Asking for Choices
Use 'Quais' when you want someone to choose from a group of options. For example, 'Quais cores você prefere?' (Which colors do you prefer?) is a perfect way to ask for a selection.
The 'Z' Sound
In many Portuguese dialects, the final 's' in 'Quais' is pronounced like a 'z' sound. So, it sounds more like 'kwai-z'. Practice this to sound more natural.
Singular vs. Plural
Keep 'Qual' (singular) and 'Quais' (plural) distinct. Think of 'Qual' like 'Which one?' and 'Quais' like 'Which ones?' This simple distinction is key to correct usage.
例文
Quais são os teus planos para hoje?
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
a cerca de
B1距離や将来の時間について「約」や「およそ」を意味します。
à direita
A2右に、または右側に。方向や場所を示すために使われます。
à esquerda
A2左側に。方向を示したり、場所を説明したりするために使用されます。
a fim de
A2〜するために、〜したい気分。 '合格するために勉強する。' / 'ピザが食べたい気分だ。'
à frente
A2の前に (No mae ni). '彼は私の前にいます。'
a frente
A2前方に; 前に
À frente de
A2〜の前に、または〜を率いて。「車の前に木があります」。
a tempo
A2間に合って、時間通りに。手遅れになる前に行動することを指します。
à volta de
A2の周りに。場所（テーブルの周り）や見積もり（約10ユーロ）に使用されます。
abaixo
A1〜の下に; 以下に。
