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B1 adjective 9분 분량

متنافس

예시 متنافس 30초 만에
설명 متنافس in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should learn 'mutanāfis' as a simple word for 'competitor' or 'someone who plays a game to win'. Think of it in the context of sports or simple classroom games. You might see it in a picture book showing two people running a race. It is a bit advanced for absolute beginners, but it's helpful to know when talking about your hobbies. Just remember: one person is 'mutanāfis', many people are 'mutanāfisūn'. It's like saying 'player' but with the specific meaning that they are trying to beat someone else in a friendly way. You can use it to describe yourself if you like to play sports: 'Anā mutanāfis' (I am a competitor). It is a good word to start understanding how Arabic words are built from roots, as you might already know 'nafs' (self).
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'mutanāfis' as an adjective to describe things like prices or teams. You will encounter it in simple news headlines or advertisements. For example, 'As'ār mutanāfisah' (competitive prices) is a very common phrase you will see in shops or on flyers. You should also be able to form the feminine version 'mutanāfisah' and the plural 'mutanāfisūn'. At this stage, focus on the 'mutual' aspect—this word is used when there are two or more people doing the same thing to see who is better. It's a useful word for talking about your job or your favorite football team. You might say, 'My team is very mutanāfis this year,' meaning they are playing well against others.
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At the B1 level, you should understand 'mutanāfis' as a key term for discussing social and economic topics. You will hear it in documentaries and read it in intermediate-level articles. You should recognize that it comes from Form VI of the verb, which implies reciprocity (doing something together/against each other). You can use it to describe a 'competitive market' (sūq mutanāfis) or 'competitive candidates' (murash-shaḥūn mutanāfisūn). You should also be able to distinguish it from 'munāfis' (a rival). At this level, you can use the word to express more complex ideas, such as the benefits of a competitive environment in education or the workplace. You should also be comfortable using it in different grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive).
At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'mutanāfis' with nuance. You should understand its secondary meanings, such as describing a person's personality trait (being a 'competitive' person). You can participate in debates about 'competitive advantages' and use the word in formal presentations. You should be aware of the word's root connection to 'preciousness' (nafīs) and how that colors the meaning of competition in Arabic as a pursuit of something valuable. You will encounter this word in literary texts and more sophisticated business reports. You should also be able to use related words like 'tanāfus' (competition) and 'tanāfusiyyah' (competitiveness) accurately in the same conversation.
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At the C1 level, 'mutanāfis' should be part of your active professional and academic vocabulary. You should be able to use it to describe complex geopolitical rivalries, economic theories, and philosophical concepts of striving. You will notice its use in classical-style modern rhetoric, where authors might play on the root 'n-f-s' to create metaphors about breathing and striving. You should be able to identify the subtle differences between 'mutanāfis' and its synonyms like 'khaṣm' or 'gharīm' in various contexts, such as legal, political, or poetic settings. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's weight in the history of Arabic thought, especially its positive connotations in religious and ethical texts.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'mutanāfis' and its entire morphological family. You can use the word to analyze the fine lines between competition and conflict in high-level academic writing or diplomatic discourse. You understand the etymological journey of the root from 'breath' to 'preciousness' to 'mutual striving' and can use this knowledge to interpret complex classical poetry or modern philosophical essays. You can effortlessly switch between the adjective 'mutanāfis', the noun 'munāfis', and the abstract concept 'tanāfusiyyah', using each with perfect grammatical and contextual precision. You are also sensitive to the word's use in different Arabic dialects, although it remains primarily a word of the formal register (Fusha).
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예시

متنافس 30초 만에

  • Mutanāfis means 'competitive' or 'competitor'.
  • It comes from the root n-f-s, meaning soul or breath.
  • It is used for people, companies, prices, and markets.
  • It implies a mutual, often healthy, striving for excellence.

The Arabic word متنافس (mutanāfis) is a multifaceted adjective and active participle derived from the triliteral root ن-ف-س (n-f-s). While the primary root is often associated with the 'self' or 'soul' (nafs) and 'breath' (nafas), its transition into the sixth verbal form (Form VI: تفاعل) brings about a sense of reciprocity and mutual striving. In its most literal sense, it describes an entity—be it a person, a company, or a nation—that is actively engaged in a competition with others. However, the linguistic beauty of Arabic suggests that competition is a 'mutual breathing' or a striving where each party seeks to reach a higher state, much like taking a deep, precious breath. This word is ubiquitous in modern standard Arabic, appearing in sports commentary, economic reports, and academic evaluations to describe the intense nature of rivalry and the spirit of excellence.

The Root Connection
The root نفس relates to things that are precious and high in value. When we say something is nafīs, we mean it is precious. Therefore, a mutanāfis is someone who is striving for something precious, implying that the competition is not just for the sake of conflict, but for the acquisition of something of high worth.
Grammatical Function
As an active participle (اسم فاعل) of the verb تنافس (tanāfasa), it functions as an adjective. It must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. For example, شركة متنافسة (a competitive company) uses the feminine form.
Psychological Nuance
Unlike 'rival' (خصم), which can imply hostility, متنافس often carries a connotation of 'fair play' or 'healthy competition' within a structured environment like a market or a stadium.

إن السوق اليوم يضم عدداً كبيراً من اللاعبين الـمتنافسين الذين يسعون للابتكار.

Translation: The market today includes a large number of competitive players who strive for innovation.

In business contexts, متنافس describes a market environment that is saturated with rivals, or a pricing strategy that is aggressive enough to beat others. In sports, it describes the athletes themselves. If you are a student striving for the top rank in your class, you are a طالب متنافس. The word captures the essence of the human drive to excel in the presence of others who share the same goal.

يعتبر ميسي ورونالدو من أكثر اللاعبين متنافسين في تاريخ كرة القدم.

Translation: Messi and Ronaldo are considered among the most competitive players in the history of football.

قدمت الشركة عرضاً متنافساً للغاية للفوز بالعقد الحكومي.

Translation: The company submitted a very competitive bid to win the government contract.

الروح الـمتنافسة هي ما يدفع العلماء لاكتشاف أدوية جديدة.

Translation: The competitive spirit is what drives scientists to discover new medicines.

نحن نعيش في عالم متنافس يتطلب مهارات عالية.

Translation: We live in a competitive world that requires high skills.

Using متنافس correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective that follows the noun it describes. In Arabic, adjectives must match the noun in four aspects: gender, number, definiteness, and case. Because mutanāfis is a sound masculine plural in its plural form (متنافسون/متنافسين), it is particularly useful for describing groups of people or entities engaged in a shared activity. When used in a sentence, it often answers the question 'What kind of person/entity is this?' or 'In what state are they?'

Describing Individuals
When describing a single male, use متنافس. For a female, use متنافسة. Example: هو طالب متنافس (He is a competitive student).
Describing Markets and Prices
In economic contexts, it often modifies 'prices' (أسعار) or 'market' (سوق). Since أسعار is a non-human plural, the adjective becomes feminine singular: أسعار متنافسة (competitive prices).
Expressing Mutual Action
Because it is Form VI, it inherently implies there is at least one other party. You cannot be mutanāfis alone; the word itself points toward a collective environment.

كان هناك عشرة متنافسين في الجولة النهائية من المسابقة.

Translation: There were ten competitors in the final round of the competition.

Notice in the example above, متنافسين is used as a noun meaning 'competitors'. This is a common shift for active participles in Arabic. To use it as a pure adjective, consider the following examples where it adds descriptive depth to a subject or object.

هذه الشركة لديها بيئة عمل متنافسة تحفز الموظفين.

Translation: This company has a competitive work environment that motivates employees.

ظهر اللاعبون بـأداء متنافس وقوي طوال المباراة.

Translation: The players showed a competitive and strong performance throughout the match.

In formal writing, you might encounter it in the plural form to describe political parties or ideologies. الأحزاب المتنافسة refers to the competing parties. The word is essential for anyone reading Arabic news or business journals, as it describes the fundamental nature of modern interaction.

If you tune into an Arabic news channel like Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya, you will hear متنافس almost daily. It is a staple of 'Journalese'—the specific register used in media. It appears most frequently in three specific domains: Sports, Business, and Politics. In sports, it is the standard way to describe teams or athletes in a tournament. In business, it describes the cutthroat nature of the tech or oil industries. In politics, it describes candidates in an election.

Sports Commentaries
Listen for phrases like المتنافسون على اللقب (the competitors for the title). Commentators use it to build tension and highlight the high stakes of the game.
Business News
Reports on market shares often mention الشركات المتنافسة (competing companies) or ميزة متنافسة (a competitive advantage, though tanāfusiyyah is more common for 'advantage').
Election Coverage
During elections, you will hear about المرشحين المتنافسين (the competing candidates). It frames the election as a race or a contest of wills.

اجتمع الـمتنافسون قبل بدء السباق للتأكيد على الروح الرياضية.

Translation: The competitors gathered before the start of the race to emphasize sportsmanship.

Beyond the media, you will hear this word in educational settings. Teachers might encourage students by saying كونوا متنافسين في الخير (be competitive in doing good). This usage leans into the ethical and spiritual roots of the word, where competition is seen as a catalyst for moral growth. In a workplace, a manager might describe a project as having a mutanāfis nature, meaning it requires everyone to be at their best because others are also trying to excel.

من الصعب النجاح في هذا القطاع الـمتنافس دون ابتكار.

Translation: It is difficult to succeed in this competitive sector without innovation.

Learning to use متنافس involves navigating the nuances of Arabic word forms. A common pitfall for English speakers is confusing the active participle mutanāfis with the noun munāfis. While they are often interchangeable in casual speech, they have distinct grammatical origins and slightly different 'flavors' of meaning. Another frequent error involves the misuse of prepositions or failing to match the adjective with the plural noun correctly.

Mutanāfis vs. Munāfis
منافس (Munāfis) is from Form III (nāfasa), which simply means 'competitor' or 'rival'. متنافس (Mutanāfis) is from Form VI (tanāfasa), which emphasizes the *reciprocal* nature. You use mutanāfis when you want to describe someone as being *in* a state of mutual competition.
Plural Agreement Errors
Students often forget that for non-human plurals (like 'companies' or 'prices'), the adjective must be feminine singular (متنافسة), not masculine plural (متنافسون). Saying شركات متنافسون is a major grammatical error.
Confusing with 'Competitive Advantage'
In English, 'competitive' can modify anything. In Arabic, for 'competitive advantage', we use the nisba adjective تنافسية (tanāfusiyyah), not متنافسة. So, ميزة تنافسية is correct, while ميزة متنافسة sounds awkward.

❌ الطلاب الـمتنافسة يدرسون بجد.
✅ الطلاب الـمتنافسون يدرسون بجد.

Correction: Adjectives must match the gender and number of human plurals.

Lastly, don't confuse mutanāfis with mutanaffis (someone who is breathing). The only difference is the vowels and the shaddah. مُتَنَفِّس (breathing) vs مُتَنَافِس (competing). One has a long 'ā', the other has a doubled 'f'. This is a classic example of why vowel marks (harakat) and long vowels (mad) are crucial in Arabic!

Arabic is a language of incredible precision. While متنافس is a great general-purpose word for 'competitive' or 'competitor', there are several other words you might choose depending on whether you want to emphasize hostility, athleticism, or simple opposition. Understanding these nuances will make your Arabic sound much more natural and sophisticated.

Munāfis (منافس) vs. Mutanāfis
As mentioned, منافس is the standard noun for 'a competitor'. Use it when you are identifying the opponent: هو منافسي الوحيد (He is my only competitor). Use mutanāfis when you want to describe the *nature* of the person or the group.
Khaṣm (خصم)
This means 'adversary' or 'opponent'. It carries a stronger sense of opposition or even enmity. You hear this in legal cases or intense personal rivalries. A khaṣm is someone you want to defeat, whereas a mutanāfis is someone you are racing against.
Gharīm (غريم)
This is a very strong word, often translated as 'arch-rival' or 'nemesis'. It is used in literature or high-stakes sports (like a derby match) to describe a long-standing, bitter rivalry.
Mubāriz (مبارز)
Derived from 'baraza' (to emerge/duel), this refers to a 'duelist' or 'fighter'. It is more specific to physical or literal combat/fencing.

بينما الـمتنافس يسعى للتفوق، الـخصم يسعى للإطاحة بالآخر.

Translation: While the competitor (mutanāfis) seeks to excel, the adversary (khaṣm) seeks to topple the other.

When describing a 'competitive' price, you can also use سعر مغرٍ (an attractive price) or سعر لا يهزم (an unbeatable price). However, سعر متنافس remains the most professional and standard term in business Arabic. If you are describing a person who loves to win, you might say لديه روح المنافسة (he has the spirit of competition) instead of just calling him mutanāfis.

발음 가이드

UK /mu.ta.naː.fis/
US /mu.tə.nɑː.fɪs/
The stress is primarily on the third syllable: mu-ta-NĀ-fis.
라임이 맞는 단어
Majālis (مجالس) Madāris (مدارس) Fāris (فارس) Ḥāris (حارس) Dāris (دارس) Mumāris (ممارس) Munāfis (منافس) Muqāyis (مقاييس)
자주 하는 실수
  • Shortening the long 'ā' in the third syllable.
  • Adding a shaddah to the 'f' (confusing it with mutanaffis).
  • Pronouncing the 't' as a heavy 'T' (ط). It should be a light 't' (ت).
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수준별 예문

1

أنا لاعب متنافس.

I am a competitive player.

Subject + Adjective agreement.

2

هو ولد متنافس في المدرسة.

He is a competitive boy in school.

Masculine singular adjective.

3

نحن فريق متنافس.

We are a competitive team.

Plural noun with singular adjective for a collective group (or plural if referring to individuals).

4

هل أنت متنافس؟

Are you competitive?

Interrogative sentence.

5

هذا المتنافس سريع جداً.

This competitor is very fast.

Used as a noun with a demonstrative.

6

البنت متنافسة في الجري.

The girl is competitive in running.

Feminine singular agreement.

7

هم متنافسون في اللعبة.

They are competitors in the game.

Masculine plural (sound).

8

أحب الروح المتنافسة.

I love the competitive spirit.

Adjective modifying a feminine noun (rūḥ).

1

تقدم الشركة أسعاراً متنافسة.

The company offers competitive prices.

Non-human plural (as'ār) takes feminine singular adjective.

2

هناك خمسة متنافسين في المسابقة.

There are five competitors in the competition.

Genitive plural after a number.

3

السوق متنافس للغاية هذه الأيام.

The market is very competitive these days.

Adjective as a predicate.

4

اختارت اللجنة المتنافس الأفضل.

The committee chose the best competitor.

Definite noun and adjective.

5

نحن بحاجة إلى عرض متنافس.

We need a competitive offer.

Indefinite adjective.

6

اللاعبون المتنافسون وصلوا الآن.

The competing players have arrived now.

Definite plural agreement.

7

هي مصممة متنافسة في عملها.

She is a competitive designer in her work.

Feminine singular adjective.

8

توجد شركات متنافسة كثيرة هنا.

There are many competing companies here.

Adjective modifying a feminine plural.

1

يعمل الموظفون في بيئة متنافسة وصحية.

The employees work in a competitive and healthy environment.

Adjective modifying a feminine singular noun.

2

يجب أن نكون متنافسين لننجح في الخارج.

We must be competitive to succeed abroad.

Accusative plural after 'kana'.

3

المتنافسون على المنصب لديهم خبرة واسعة.

The competitors for the position have extensive experience.

Preposition 'ala' (for/over) used with competition.

4

هذا المنتج ليس متنافساً بما يكفي.

This product is not competitive enough.

Negative sentence with 'laysa'.

5

تعتبر هذه المنطقة سوقاً متنافساً جداً.

This region is considered a very competitive market.

Adjective in the accusative case.

6

تحفز الروح المتنافسة الابتكار في التكنولوجيا.

The competitive spirit stimulates innovation in technology.

Subject of the sentence.

7

كل متنافس يجب أن يلتزم بالقوانين.

Every competitor must abide by the rules.

Singular noun after 'kull'.

8

أصبح العالم أكثر متنافساً من قبل.

The world has become more competitive than before.

Comparative structure.

1

تمكنت الشركة من الحفاظ على موقع متنافس في السوق العالمية.

The company managed to maintain a competitive position in the global market.

Adjective modifying a masculine noun.

2

المرشحون المتنافسون قدموا برامج انتخابية قوية.

The competing candidates presented strong electoral programs.

Plural agreement in the nominative.

3

لا يمكننا تجاهل أي متنافس جديد في هذا القطاع.

We cannot ignore any new competitor in this sector.

Object of the verb.

4

تتطلب هذه الوظيفة شخصاً ذا طابع متنافس.

This job requires a person with a competitive nature.

Adjective following 'dha' (possessor of).

5

كان الأداء متنافساً لدرجة أن الحكام واجهوا صعوبة في الاختيار.

The performance was so competitive that the judges had difficulty choosing.

Adjective as a predicate of 'kana'.

6

نسعى لتطوير مهارات متنافسة لدى طلابنا.

We seek to develop competitive skills in our students.

Adjective modifying a feminine plural.

7

إن الصراع بين القوى المتنافسة أدى إلى تغييرات سياسية.

The conflict between the competing powers led to political changes.

Genitive plural after 'bayna'.

8

بفضل استراتيجيتنا المتنافسة، حققنا أرباحاً قياسية.

Thanks to our competitive strategy, we achieved record profits.

Definite adjective with a possessive noun.

1

إن المشهد الجيوسياسي المتنافس يفرض تحديات جديدة على الأمن القومي.

The competitive geopolitical landscape imposes new challenges on national security.

Complex noun phrase.

2

برزت عدة أطراف متنافسة في المفاوضات الأخيرة.

Several competing parties emerged in the recent negotiations.

Indefinite plural agreement.

3

لا بد من تعزيز القدرات المتنافسة للاقتصاد الوطني.

It is necessary to strengthen the competitive capabilities of the national economy.

Abstract noun with adjective.

4

الرواية تصور عالمين متنافسين من القيم والأخلاق.

The novel depicts two competing worlds of values and ethics.

Dual form (mutanāfisin) in the accusative.

5

يظل السؤال قائماً حول من هو المتنافس الأجدر بالثقة.

The question remains as to who is the competitor most worthy of trust.

Relative clause structure.

6

تتجلى الروح المتنافسة في أبهى صورها خلال الأولمبياد.

The competitive spirit manifests in its finest forms during the Olympics.

Reflexive verb with adjective subject.

7

خلق الابتكار التكنولوجي فضاءً متنافساً لم نعهده من قبل.

Technological innovation has created a competitive space we haven't known before.

Accusative adjective.

8

رغم كونهما متنافسين، إلا أنهما حافظا على صداقتهما.

Despite being competitors, they maintained their friendship.

Dual form after 'kawni-hima'.

1

إن التدافع المحموم بين الأقطاب المتنافسة يعيد تشكيل النظام العالمي.

The frantic scramble between competing poles is reshaping the world order.

High-level political terminology.

2

تتجذر النزعة المتنافسة في الطبيعة البشرية كوسيلة للبقاء.

The competitive tendency is rooted in human nature as a means of survival.

Philosophical subject.

3

تتطلب السياسات النقدية المعاصرة رؤية متنافسة تتجاوز الحدود التقليدية.

Contemporary monetary policies require a competitive vision that transcends traditional boundaries.

Academic register.

4

لم يكن المتنافسون مجرد خصوم، بل كانوا شركاء في دفع عجلة التقدم.

The competitors were not just adversaries, but partners in driving the wheel of progress.

Contrastive structure.

5

إن صياغة خطاب متنافس تتطلب فهماً عميقاً لسيكولوجية الجماهير.

Crafting a competitive discourse requires a deep understanding of crowd psychology.

Gerund phrase with adjective.

6

أفضت الحوارات إلى تقريب وجهات النظر بين الكيانات المتنافسة.

The dialogues led to bringing the viewpoints of the competing entities closer together.

Complex prepositional phrase.

7

تعد القدرة على البقاء متنافساً في عصر الذكاء الاصطناعي ضرورة حتمية.

The ability to remain competitive in the age of AI is an absolute necessity.

Infinitive phrase with 'mutanāfisan'.

8

تظل النظريات المتنافسة حول أصل الكون محل بحث دائم.

Competing theories about the origin of the universe remain a subject of constant research.

Scientific register.

자주 쓰는 조합

أسعار متنافسة
بيئة متنافسة
روح متنافسة
سوق متنافس
لاعب متنافس
قوى متنافسة
أطراف متنافسة
عرض متنافس
قدرة متنافسة
مرشح متنافس

자주 쓰는 구문

بشكل متنافس

— In a competitive manner.

تعمل الشركات بشكل متنافس.

أكثر متنافساً

— More competitive.

أصبح العرض أكثر متنافساً.

متنافس على اللقب

— Competing for the title.

هو المتنافس الأول على اللقب.

غير متنافس

— Uncompetitive.

هذا السعر غير متنافس.

بين المتنافسين

— Among the competitors.

توزعت الجوائز بين المتنافسين.

متنافس دولي

— International competitor.

نحن نواجه متنافساً دولياً.

متنافس شرس

— Fierce competitor.

هو متنافس شرس في الملعب.

متنافس وحيد

— Sole competitor.

بقي متنافس وحيد في السباق.

بأسلوب متنافس

— With a competitive style.

لعب الفريق بأسلوب متنافس.

متنافس في السوق

— Competitor in the market.

هو أكبر متنافس في السوق.

관용어 및 표현

"وفي ذلك فليتنافس المتنافسون"

— A Quranic expression meaning for such high goals, let people strive and compete.

النجاح يتطلب جهداً، وفي ذلك فليتنافس المتنافسون.

Formal/Religious
"حلبة التنافس"

— The arena of competition.

دخلت الشركة حلبة التنافس بقوة.

Journalistic
"سباق مع الزمن"

— A race against time (often used with mutanāfis).

نحن في سباق متنافس مع الزمن.

Neutral
"كسر شوكة المنافس"

— To break the competitor's strength/spirit.

استطاع البطل كسر شوكة منافسه.

Informal
"على قدم المساواة"

— On equal footing (often where competitors start).

بدأ المتنافسون على قدم المساواة.

Formal
"خارج المنافسة"

— Out of the competition (too good or already eliminated).

هذا المنتج خارج المنافسة لجودته العالية.

Neutral
"حمى التنافس"

— The fever of competition.

ارتفعت حمى التنافس قبل الانتخابات.

Journalistic
"منقطع النظير"

— Unparalleled (having no competitors).

قدم أداءً متنافساً منقطع النظير.

Literary
"وجه لوجه"

— Face to face (rivals meeting).

وقف المتنافسان وجه لوجه.

Neutral
"الصيد في الماء العكر"

— Fishing in troubled waters (taking advantage of competitors' troubles).

حاول المتنافس الصيد في الماء العكر.

Informal

어휘 가족

명사

منافسة Competition
تنافس Competing (verbal noun)
منافس Competitor/Rival
تنافسية Competitiveness

동사

نافس To compete with
تنافس To compete with each other

형용사

تنافسي Competitive (nisba form)
نفيس Precious (from the same root)

관련

نفس (Soul)
تنفس (Breathing)
نفاسة (Excellence)
نفاذ (Influence)
تنفيس (Venting)
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