A0 Plurals 1 min read 쉬움

Forming Plurals (গুলো - gulo, দের - der)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'gulo' for inanimate objects/animals and 'der' for people to turn singular nouns into plurals.

  • Use -gulo for objects: boi (book) -> boigulo (books).
  • Use -der for humans: manush (person) -> manushder (people).
  • These suffixes attach directly to the end of the noun.
Noun + (gulo/der) = Plural Noun

Pluralization Suffixes

Noun Type Suffix Example (Singular) Example (Plural)
Inanimate
-gulo
Boi
Boigulo
Inanimate
-gulo
Ghor
Ghorgulo
Human
-der
Chhele
Chheleder
Human
-der
Manush
Manushder
Human
-der
Bondhu
Bondhuder
Inanimate
-gulo
Kalam
Kalamgulo

Meanings

These suffixes indicate that a noun is plural, distinguishing between inanimate objects and human beings.

1

Inanimate Plural

Used for objects, concepts, and sometimes animals.

“Pakhigulo (birds)”

“Ghorgulo (rooms)”

2

Human Plural

Used specifically for people.

“Chheleder (boys)”

“Meyer (girls)”

Reference Table

Reference table for Forming Plurals (গুলো - gulo, দের - der)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun + gulo/der
Boigulo ache
Negative
Noun + gulo/der + na
Boigulo nei
Question
Noun + gulo/der + ki?
Boigulo ki ache?
Human
Noun + der
Manushder
Object
Noun + gulo
Ghorgulo
Possessive
Noun + gulo/der + r
Boigulor

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
Boigulo ekhane ache.

Boigulo ekhane ache. (Casual conversation)

중립
Boigulo ekhane ache.

Boigulo ekhane ache. (Casual conversation)

비격식체
Boigulo ekhane.

Boigulo ekhane. (Casual conversation)

속어
Boigulo ekhane re.

Boigulo ekhane re. (Casual conversation)

Bengali Pluralization Map

Pluralization

Humans

  • Bondhuder Friends
  • Chheleder Boys

Objects

  • Boigulo Books
  • Ghorgulo Rooms
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

1

Boigulo table-e.

The books are on the table.

2

Chheleder dekho.

Look at the boys.

3

Kalamgulo kothay?

Where are the pens?

4

Meyer khelche.

The girls are playing.

1

Amar bondhuder sathe kotha bolchi.

I am talking with my friends.

2

Ghorgulo khub boro.

The rooms are very big.

3

Tumi ki boigulo porecho?

Have you read the books?

4

Manushder sahajyo koro.

Help the people.

1

Ei boigulo amar priyo.

These books are my favorite.

2

Shikkhokder somman kora uchit.

One should respect teachers.

3

Pakhigulo akashe urche.

The birds are flying in the sky.

4

Dokander malikder sathe kotha bolun.

Talk to the shop owners.

1

Ghorgulor rong khub sundor.

The color of the rooms is very beautiful.

2

Amra shob chhatro-chhatrider amontron janiechi.

We have invited all the students.

3

Ei boigulo pora hoyeche.

These books have been read.

4

Manushder chinta-bhabna bodleche.

People's thoughts have changed.

1

Shomaj-shongothokder prochesta shob-i biphol hoyeche.

The efforts of the social workers have all failed.

2

Ei boigulor modhye kichu dushprapya.

Some of these books are rare.

3

Pakhigulor kireechi shokal-e shona jay.

The chirping of the birds can be heard in the morning.

4

Bideshider jonno ei niyam-gulo.

These rules are for foreigners.

1

Oitihashik boigulor bishleshon-e amra dekhi...

In the analysis of historical books, we see...

2

Shob-i manushder oghoton-er fol.

Everything is the result of people's misdeeds.

3

Ei niyam-gulo proyojon-er tulonay beshi.

These rules are excessive compared to the need.

4

Shob-i pakhigulor obhibashon-er pathe.

Everything is on the path of bird migration.

혼동하기 쉬운

Forming Plurals (গুলো - gulo, দের - der) 대 gulo vs guli

Both are for inanimate objects.

Forming Plurals (গুলো - gulo, দের - der) 대 der vs ra

Both are for humans.

Forming Plurals (গুলো - gulo, দের - der) 대 gulo vs ta/ti

Ta/ti is singular.

자주 하는 실수

✗

Manushgulo

✓

Manushder

Humans require -der.
✗

Boider

✓

Boigulo

Objects require -gulo.
✗

Boi-s

✓

Boigulo

Bengali doesn't use 's'.
✗

Manush-s

✓

Manushder

Bengali doesn't use 's'.
✗

Ghor-der

✓

Ghorgulo

Rooms are inanimate.
✗

Bondhu-gulo

✓

Bondhuder

Friends are human.
✗

Pakhider

✓

Pakhigulo

Animals usually take -gulo.
✗

Shikkhokgulo

✓

Shikkhokder

Teachers are human.
✗

Bideshider-gulo

✓

Bideshider

Redundant pluralization.
✗

Kalam-der

✓

Kalamgulo

Pens are inanimate.
✗

Oitihashik-gulo boi

✓

Oitihashik boigulo

Suffix attaches to the noun.
✗

Manush-gulo-der

✓

Manushder

Double suffix.
✗

Boi-guli-gulo

✓

Boigulo

Double suffix.

문장 패턴

Amar kache ___ ache.

___ sathe kotha bolchi.

Ei ___ khub sundor.

___ sahajyo kora dorkar.

Real World Usage

Social Media constant

Amar chobigulo dekho.

Texting constant

Bondhuder sathe achi.

Job Interview common

Ami shikkhokder sathe kaj korechi.

Ordering Food very common

Duti burger-gulo dao.

Travel common

Ei niyam-gulo ki bideshider jonno?

Food Delivery App common

Order-gulo confirm hoyeche.

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기
💡

Animacy is Key

Always check if the noun is human or not before adding the suffix.
⚠️

Avoid Redundancy

If you use a number, you don't need the plural suffix.
🎯

Formal vs Informal

Use -guli for a more formal or literary tone.
💬

Respect

Using -der for humans is a sign of respect.

Smart Tips

Always use -der to show respect.

Manushgulo. → Manushder.

Drop the suffix if you use a number.

Tin-ti boigulo. → Tin-ti boi.

Use -guli instead of -gulo.

Boigulo. → Boiguli.

Use -gulo unless they are pets.

Pakhider. → Pakhigulo.

발음

/ɡulo/

Gulo

Pronounced as 'goo-lo'.

/dɛr/

Der

Pronounced as 'dare' (rhymes with air).

Statement

Boigulo ekhane. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

Boigulo ki ekhane? ↗

Rising intonation for questions.

암기하기

기억법

Gulo is for things that don't go, Der is for people who are near.

시각적 연상

Imagine a pile of books (gulo) and a group of friends (der) standing next to them.

Rhyme

Things get gulo, people get der, pluralizing is easy, never fear.

Story

I went to the library. I saw many books (boigulo). Then I saw my friends (bondhuder). We talked about the books.

Word Web

BoiguloManushderGhorguloBondhuderKalamguloChheleder

챌린지

Write 5 sentences about your room using -gulo and 5 about your friends using -der.

문화 노트

Standard usage, very common in daily life.

Similar usage, but sometimes -guli is preferred in formal writing.

Dialectal variations exist, but -gulo/-der are understood.

These suffixes evolved from older demonstrative pronouns.

대화 시작하기

“

Tomar kache koto-gulo boi ache?

“

Tomar bondhuder nam ki?

“

Ei ghor-gulo ki khali?

“

Shikkhokder sathe ki kotha bolecho?

일기 주제

Describe your desk. What items are on it?
Write about your friends. What do you like about them?
Describe a busy street in your city.
Reflect on your teachers and their impact on you.

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답

Incorrect

정답

Incorrect

정답

Incorrect

정답

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Amar ___ (book) table-e.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: boigulo
Books are inanimate.
Choose the correct plural. 객관식

Which is correct for 'people'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: manushder
People are human.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Boider table-e ache.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Boigulo table-e ache.
Books are inanimate.
Make plural. Sentence Transformation

Chhele khelche.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Chheleder khelche.
Boys are human.
Is this true? True False Rule

Can you use -der for pens?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Pens are inanimate.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Kothay jachho? B: ___ (friends) sathe.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bondhuder
Friends are human.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Order: [boigulo / amar / table-e / ache]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct
Word order is flexible.
Match the noun to the suffix. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-gulo, 2-der
Correct mapping.

Score: /8

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Amar ___ (book) table-e.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: boigulo
Books are inanimate.
Choose the correct plural. 객관식

Which is correct for 'people'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: manushder
People are human.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Boider table-e ache.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Boigulo table-e ache.
Books are inanimate.
Make plural. Sentence Transformation

Chhele khelche.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Chheleder khelche.
Boys are human.
Is this true? True False Rule

Can you use -der for pens?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Pens are inanimate.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Kothay jachho? B: ___ (friends) sathe.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bondhuder
Friends are human.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Order: [boigulo / amar / table-e / ache]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct
Word order is flexible.
Match the noun to the suffix. Match Pairs

Match: 1. Boi, 2. Chhele

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-gulo, 2-der
Correct mapping.

Score: /8

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

No, it is considered dehumanizing. Use -der.

You can say 'duti boi'. You don't need -gulo.

Yes, but -guli is more formal.

No, pronouns have their own plural forms like 'amra'.

Only if you are personifying them.

-ra is for nominative case, -der is for oblique.

Yes, to indicate plurality clearly.

Yes, they are standard in all registers.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

무료 가입하고 연습하기

In Other Languages

Spanish low

-s/-es

Bengali distinguishes human vs non-human.

French low

-s

Bengali particles are semantic.

German low

-e/-er/-en

Bengali is more regular.

Japanese moderate

-tachi

Bengali has a separate marker for objects.

Arabic low

plural patterns

Bengali is agglutinative.

Chinese moderate

-men

Bengali applies this to all human nouns.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Connected Grammar

Definite Articles

Builds On

Helps specify which plural items.

Honorifics

Advanced Form

Explains the social aspect of -der.

Case Markers

Prerequisite

Explains why -der is used.

Pronouns

Similar

Shows how plurals work for people.

Previous
Common Nouns for Places (বাড়ি - bari, শহর - shohor)
Next
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