Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Add the suffix '-ano' to a verb root to show that the subject is causing someone else to perform the action.
- Add '-ano' to the root: 'Kora' (do) becomes 'Korano' (make someone do).
- The person doing the work takes the objective case (-ke): 'Ami take diye korai'.
- Vowels often shift: 'O' in the root usually changes to 'A' in the causative form.
Conjugation of 'Korano' (To cause to do) in Cholito Bhasha
| Person | Present | Past | Future |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Ami (I)
|
Korai (করাই)
|
Koralam (করালাম)
|
Korabo (করাবো)
|
|
Tumi (You - familiar)
|
Korao (করাও)
|
Korale (করালে)
|
Korabe (করাবে)
|
|
Apni (You - polite)
|
Koran (করান)
|
Koralen (করালেন)
|
Koraben (করাবেন)
|
|
Shey (He/She - familiar)
|
Koray (করায়)
|
Koralo (করালো)
|
Korabe (করাবে)
|
|
Tini (He/She - polite)
|
Koran (করান)
|
Koralen (করালেন)
|
Koraben (করাবেন)
|
|
Tui (You - very informal)
|
Koras (করাস)
|
Korali (করালি)
|
Korabi (করাবি)
|
Vowel Shift Patterns
| Simple Root | Causative Stem | Meaning Change |
|---|---|---|
|
Dekh (See)
|
Dekha-
|
Show
|
|
Shon (Hear)
|
Shona-
|
Tell/Inform
|
|
Por (Read)
|
Pora-
|
Teach
|
|
Khoroch (Spend)
|
Khoroch-a-
|
Make someone spend
|
|
Jan (Know)
|
Jana-
|
Inform
|
|
Hash (Laugh)
|
Hasha-
|
Make laugh
|
Meanings
Causative verbs indicate that the subject does not perform the action personally but causes, directs, or helps another person to perform it.
Direct Causation
Directly making or helping someone do something, like feeding or showing.
“আমি তাকে ছবিটা দেখালাম (I showed him the picture)”
Indirect Delegation
Getting a task done through a third party or professional service.
“আমি চুল কাটালাম (I got my hair cut)”
Instructional/Teaching
To teach or cause someone to learn/know something.
“শিক্ষক ছাত্রদের পড়াচ্ছেন (The teacher is teaching the students)”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + Agent-ke + Verb-ano
|
আমি তাকে দিয়ে কাজটা করাই (I make him do it)
|
|
Negative
|
Subject + Agent-ke + Verb-ano + na
|
আমি তাকে দিয়ে কাজটা করাই না (I don't make him do it)
|
|
Interrogative
|
Subject + Agent-ke + Verb-ano + ki?
|
তুমি কি তাকে দিয়ে কাজটা করাবে? (Will you make him do it?)
|
|
Past Habitual
|
Subject + Verb-ato
|
সে আমাকে রোজ হাসাত (He used to make me laugh every day)
|
|
Present Continuous
|
Subject + Verb-acche
|
মা শিশুকে খাওয়াচ্ছেন (Mother is feeding the child)
|
|
Perfect
|
Subject + Verb-iyeche
|
আমি চুল কাটিয়েছি (I have had my hair cut)
|
|
Imperative
|
Agent-ke + Verb-ao!
|
ওকে ছবিটা দেখাও! (Show him the picture!)
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
আমি কার্যটি সম্পন্ন করাইব। (Shadhu) (Workplace)
আমি কাজটা করিয়ে নেব। (Workplace)
আমি কাজটা করিয়ে নেবখন। (Workplace)
কাজটা নামিয়ে দেব ওরে দিয়ে। (Workplace)
The Causative Chain
Direct
- খাওয়ানো Feeding
- দেখানো Showing
Indirect
- করানো Getting done
- কাটানো Having cut
Simple vs. Causative
Is it Causative?
Are you doing the action yourself?
Are you making someone else do it?
수준별 예문
আমি তোমাকে ছবি দেখাব।
I will show you the picture.
মা শিশুকে ভাত খাওয়ায়।
The mother feeds the baby rice.
সে আমাকে গান শোনায়।
He makes me hear a song (He plays a song for me).
শিক্ষক আমাদের পড়ান।
The teacher teaches us.
আমি তাকে দিয়ে কাজটা করাই।
I make him do the work.
তুমি কি আমাকে সাতার শেখাবে?
Will you teach me how to swim?
বাবা আমাকে গাড়ি চালানো শেখাচ্ছেন।
Father is teaching me how to drive a car.
সে তার কুকুরকে হাঁটাচ্ছে।
He is walking his dog.
আমি কাল দর্জিকে দিয়ে জামাটা কাটিয়েছি।
I got the dress cut/tailored by the tailor yesterday.
ম্যানেজার আমাদের দিয়ে রিপোর্টটা লেখালেন।
The manager had us write the report.
তুমি কি তোমার ঘরটা রঙ করিয়েছ?
Have you had your room painted?
সে আমাকে দিয়ে মিথ্যে বলালো।
He made me tell a lie.
সরকার নতুন আইনটি কার্যকর করালো।
The government saw to it that the new law was implemented.
পরিচালক অভিনেতাকে দিয়ে দৃশ্যটি বারবার করালেন।
The director made the actor do the scene repeatedly.
আমি তাকে দিয়ে আমার ভুলটা সংশোধন করিয়ে নিলাম।
I had him correct my mistake for me.
এই ঘটনাটি আমাকে অনেক কিছু ভাবালো।
This incident made me think about many things.
লেখক তার লেখনীর মাধ্যমে পাঠকদের এক নতুন জগতের সন্ধান করালেন।
The author, through his writing, led the readers to find a new world.
পরিস্থিতি তাকে দিয়ে এমন কাজ করিয়ে নিল যা সে কখনো ভাবেনি।
The situation forced him to do something he never imagined.
তিনি তার বক্তব্যে বিষয়টি পরিষ্কার করালেন।
He made the matter clear in his speech.
এই নীতিটি জনমনে বিভ্রান্তি ছড়ালো।
This policy spread confusion among the public.
ঐতিহাসিক বিবর্তনের ধারায় ভাষাটি নিজেকে নতুনভাবে বিন্যস্ত করালো।
In the course of historical evolution, the language caused itself to be restructured anew.
নাট্যকার চরিত্রের অন্তর্দ্বন্দ্বকে অভিনয়ের মাধ্যমে ফুটিয়ে তুললেন।
The playwright brought out the character's inner conflict through the acting.
তৎকালীন সমাজব্যবস্থা মানুষকে এই প্রথা মানতে বাধ্য করাত।
The social system of that time used to compel people to follow this custom.
তিনি তার পাণ্ডিত্যের দ্বারা সকলকে চমৎকৃত করালেন।
He amazed everyone with his erudition.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners often use 'Kora' when they mean 'Korano' because English uses the same word 'do' for both (e.g., 'I'm doing my taxes' vs 'I'm having my taxes done').
Both mean 'to know', but their causative forms 'Janano' (to inform) and 'Chenano' (to introduce) are distinct.
자주 하는 실수
Ami chul ketechi
Ami chul katiyechi
Ami tomake chobi dekhbo
Ami tomake chobi dekhabo
Ma bacchake bhat khay
Ma bacchake bhat khaway
Shey amar kotha shone na
Shey amake kotha shonay na
Ami take diye kajta korlam
Ami take diye kajta koralam
Tumi ki amake shekho?
Tumi ki amake shekhao?
Ami gari thik korchi
Ami gari thik koracchi
문장 패턴
আমি ___ দিয়ে ___ করাই।
মা শিশুকে ___ খাওয়াচ্ছেন।
তিনি আমাকে বিষয়টি ___।
Real World Usage
আমি চুল ছোট করে কাটাতে চাই। (I want to get my hair cut short.)
খাবারটা আমার অফিসে পাঠিয়ে দিন। (Please have the food sent to my office.)
আমি আমার দলকে দিয়ে লক্ষ্য পূরণ করাই। (I make my team achieve the goals.)
সবাইকে আমার নতুন ছবিটা দেখালাম। (I showed everyone my new photo.)
বাচ্চাকে ঘুম পাড়াতে হবে। (I need to put the baby to sleep.)
গাড়িটা কাল সারিয়েছি। (I got the car fixed yesterday.)
The 'Show' vs 'See' Trick
Don't Forget Vowel Shifts
Polite Causatives
Service Verbs
Smart Tips
Always use the '-ano' form. If you say 'Ami bari baniyechi', it means you built the house with your own hands. Use 'banano' to mean you had it built.
Check the verb. It should almost always be in the causative form if 'diye' refers to a person doing a task for you.
Remember that 'Shekhano' (teaching) and 'Dekhano' (showing) are just causatives of 'Shekha' (learning) and 'Dekha' (seeing).
Bengali often uses 'Shonano' (make hear) instead of just 'Bola' (to say) when telling a story or playing music.
발음
Vowel Harmony
The 'o' in roots like 'shon' becomes a clear 'o' (as in 'go') but shifts towards 'a' in the causative 'shonano'.
Stress
The stress is usually on the first syllable of the root, but the '-ano' suffix is pronounced clearly and fully.
Causative Command
ওকে দেখাও! (Show him!)
Rising intonation on the 'ao' to indicate an imperative.
암기하기
기억법
The 'A' in '-ano' stands for 'Another person' doing the work.
시각적 연상
Imagine a conductor with a baton. The conductor (Subject) doesn't play the violin, but they 'make' the violinist (Agent) play. The baton is the '-ano' suffix.
Rhyme
If you do it, it's 'Kora'. If they do it, it's 'Korano'. Don't be a bore-a, use the 'ano'!
Story
A lazy king wanted to eat but didn't want to lift his hand. He didn't 'khawa' (eat); he ordered his servant to 'khawano' (feed) him. He didn't 'dekh' (see) the map; he made the general 'dekhano' (show) it to him.
Word Web
챌린지
Look around your room. Identify three things you didn't do yourself (e.g., the painting on the wall, your haircut, the delivery of food). Say them aloud in Bengali using the causative form.
문화 노트
In Bengali culture, 'khawano' (feeding) is a sign of love. A host will often insist on 'khawano' guests rather than just letting them 'khawa' (eat) on their own.
Using 'diye' with a causative verb is the standard way to talk about domestic help or office staff without sounding rude, as it focuses on the completion of the task.
Derived from Sanskrit 'Nic' (ণিচ্) suffix, which was used to form causative stems.
대화 시작하기
আপনি কি কখনো কাউকে বাংলা শিখিয়েছেন?
আপনার বাড়িতে রান্নার কাজ কে করায়?
ছোটবেলায় আপনার মা আপনাকে কী খেতে খাওয়াতেন?
আপনি কি আপনার বন্ধুদের নতুন কোনো গান শুনিয়েছেন সম্প্রতি?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
মা শিশুকে ভাত ___।
Choose the correct sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
আমি তোমাকে ছবি দেখব।
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
আমি তাকে ছবিটা ___।
A: আপনার ঘরটা খুব সুন্দর। B: হ্যাঁ, আমি গত মাসে ঘরটা রঙ ___।
The suffix '-ano' is used when the subject does the action themselves.
Score: /8
연습 문제
8 exercisesমা শিশুকে ভাত ___।
Choose the correct sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
আমি তোমাকে ছবি দেখব।
দিয়ে / আমি / করাই / কাজটা / তাকে
Pora (Read), Shona (Hear), Jana (Know)
আমি তাকে ছবিটা ___।
A: আপনার ঘরটা খুব সুন্দর। B: হ্যাঁ, আমি গত মাসে ঘরটা রঙ ___।
The suffix '-ano' is used when the subject does the action themselves.
Score: /8
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
'Kora' means to do something yourself. 'Korano' means to make someone else do it or get it done by someone.
Use the causative of 'Pora' (to read/study), which is 'Porano'. So, 'Ami poracchi'.
Most action verbs do. However, some stative verbs or verbs that are already causative in nature might not take the '-ano' suffix.
This is due to vowel harmony. The root vowel often shifts to a more open 'a' sound when the suffix '-ano' is added.
Yes, 'diye' (by/with) is used to identify the agent who is physically performing the task.
No. 'Janano' is to inform (make someone know), while 'Bolano' is to make someone speak or repeat words.
You would say 'Ami gari thik koriyechi'. 'Thik kora' is to fix, 'Thik korano' is to have it fixed.
Yes, it is used in all registers, though the conjugation endings change in Shadhu Bhasha (e.g., 'korayite' instead of 'korate').
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Hacer + infinitivo
Bengali uses a suffix; Spanish uses an auxiliary verb.
Faire + infinitif
French requires two verbs; Bengali requires one conjugated causative verb.
Lassen
German 'lassen' also means 'to leave' or 'to let', whereas Bengali '-ano' is strictly causative.
Saseru (使役形)
Japanese causative can also imply 'letting' someone do something, while Bengali usually implies 'making' or 'getting' it done.
Form II (Fa''ala) / Form IV ('Af'ala)
Arabic uses internal root changes; Bengali uses a suffix.
Ràng (让) / Shǐ (使)
Chinese is analytic (separate words); Bengali is synthetic (suffix-based).
