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A2 adjective #4,200 가장 일반적인 8분 분량

نامعلوم

namaloum
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 نامعلوم 30초 만에
설명 نامعلوم in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 'نامعلوم' (nām'alūm) as a way to say 'not known'. Even though it's an A2 word, you might hear it when people talk about basic things they don't have information for. For example, if you ask 'Who is that?' and the person doesn't know, they might say the name is 'nām'alūm'. It's like the English word 'unknown'. You should focus on how it sounds: 'nā' (like 'not') and 'ma-loom' (like 'known'). At this stage, just remember that if something is 'nām'alūm', it means the answer is not there. You will mostly see it in very simple sentences at the end, like 'The time is nām'alūm'. Don't worry about using it in complex ways yet; just recognize it as a formal version of 'I don't know'.
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At the A2 level, you should start using 'نامعلوم' to describe things that aren't decided or identified. You can use it with nouns you already know, like 'نام' (name), 'وقت' (time), or 'مکان' (place). For example, 'Vaght-e mehmani nām'alūm ast' (The time of the party is unknown). This is a great word to make your Persian sound more natural and less like a beginner. You are moving beyond just saying 'I don't know' (nemi-dānam) and starting to describe the *thing* itself as being unknown. This is an important step in learning Persian adjectives. You should also notice how the 'nā-' at the beginning works like 'un-' in English. This will help you understand other words later, like 'nāpāk' (unclean) or 'nākhosh' (unpleasant).
By B1, you should be comfortable using 'نامعلوم' in more varied contexts, such as describing situations, causes, or identities in a slightly more formal way. You might use it when writing a simple email or telling a story. For instance, 'The cause of the problem is nām'alūm'. You should also begin to distinguish it from 'nāmoshakhas' (unspecified). At this level, you can start using it in the middle of sentences with the Ezafe: 'Be dalili nām'alūm' (For an unknown reason). This shows you understand Persian word order and adjective placement. You will also start encountering this word in news headlines and short articles, where it is used to describe events with missing details. It's a key word for reporting facts and expressing uncertainty without sounding confused.
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At the B2 level, 'نامعلوم' becomes a tool for precision. You should know the difference between 'nām'alūm', 'maj-hool', and 'mobham'. You should be able to use 'nām'alūm' in professional settings, like in a business report describing 'hazine-haye nām'alūm' (unknown costs) or in a academic summary. You can also use it to discuss more abstract concepts, such as 'āyandeye nām'alūm' (the unknown future). At this stage, you should be able to use adverbs of degree with it, like 'kamelan nām'alūm' (completely unknown) or 'nesbatan nām'alūm' (relatively unknown). Your understanding of the word should extend to its Arabic root 'ilm' (knowledge), which helps you connect it to other words like 'mo'allem' (teacher) and 'ta'lim' (education). This linguistic connection makes the word easier to remember and place in the wider context of the language.
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For C1 learners, 'نامعلوم' is a word that can be used to add nuance to literary or philosophical discussions. You might analyze how a poet uses 'nām'alūm' to describe the mysteries of the soul or the universe. You should be able to use it in complex sentence structures, such as 'Bā tavajoh be ellat-haye nām'alūm-e in padide...' (Considering the unknown causes of this phenomenon...). You should also be aware of its usage in legal and formal Persian, where it might appear in phrases like 'hoveyyat-e nām'alūm' (unknown identity) in a court setting. At this level, your usage should be flawless, and you should be able to explain the subtle connotations it carries compared to its synonyms, such as the sense of 'undiscovered' or 'missing' information that it implies.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'نامعلوم'. You can use it to evoke specific moods in creative writing or to provide exacting descriptions in high-level academic discourse. You understand the historical evolution of the word and how its usage has shifted in modern Persian media compared to classical literature. You can use it in highly sophisticated idiomatic expressions or as part of complex philosophical arguments about the nature of the 'Unknown'. You are also capable of identifying its use in various dialects of Persian (like Dari or Tajik) and how the nuances might slightly differ. For you, 'نامعلوم' is not just a vocabulary word but a versatile tool for expressing the profound boundaries of human knowledge and the inherent uncertainty of the world.
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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

نامعلوم 30초 만에

  • Means 'unknown' or 'uncertain' in Persian.
  • Formed from 'nā' (un-) and 'ma'lūm' (known).
  • Used in formal contexts like news and science.
  • Commonly describes names, dates, and causes.

The Persian word نامعلوم (nām'alūm) is a sophisticated yet accessible adjective that every learner transitioning from A2 to B1 should master. At its core, it signifies a state of being unknown, uncertain, or undiscovered. It is a compound word formed by the negative prefix نا- (nā-) and the Arabic-rooted word معلوم (ma'lūm), which means 'known' or 'obvious'. When combined, they create a term that describes anything from an anonymous author to an undecided date for a party. In the tapestry of the Persian language, this word serves as a bridge between simple everyday uncertainty and formal academic or legal ambiguity.

General Uncertainty
Used when a piece of information is simply missing from the speaker's knowledge base. For example, if you don't know who called you, the caller is 'nām'alūm'.
Scientific and Legal Contexts
In police reports or scientific journals, it refers to variables or suspects that have not yet been identified or quantified. It carries a more official weight than just saying 'I don't know'.

علت حادثه هنوز نامعلوم است.
(The cause of the accident is still unknown.)

Imagine you are walking through the Grand Bazaar in Tehran and you see an ancient artifact with no price tag. You might ask the shopkeeper about its origin, and he might reply that the history of the object is 'nām'alūm'. This doesn't just mean he forgot; it implies that the historical record itself is blank. The word evokes a sense of mystery. In Persian literature, 'nām'alūm' often describes the 'Unseen' or the 'Future'—realms that human intellect cannot fully grasp. It is less about 'ignorance' (which has negative connotations) and more about the 'status' of the information itself.

او به مقصدی نامعلوم سفر کرد.
(He traveled to an unknown destination.)

Furthermore, in modern Iranian society, you will encounter this word in news broadcasts frequently. Phrases like 'افراد نامعلوم' (unknown individuals) are common when reporting on events where the perpetrators haven't been caught. It is also used in mathematics to refer to an 'unknown' variable (though 'maj-hool' is more specific there, 'nām'alūm' is understood in general contexts). Understanding this word helps you navigate the space between what is 'clear' (moshakhas) and what is 'hidden' (penhān).

Grammatically, نامعلوم functions primarily as an adjective. In Persian, adjectives usually follow the noun they modify, connected by the Ezafe construction (the short '-e' sound). However, it can also function as a predicate adjective at the end of a sentence following a linking verb like 'ast' (is) or 'shodan' (to become).

Attributive Usage
When modifying a noun directly: 'nevisandeye nām'alūm' (the unknown writer). Here, it narrows down the identity of the noun.
Predicative Usage
When stating a fact about a subject: 'zamāne jalase nām'alūm ast' (the time of the meeting is unknown). This is very common in official announcements.

نام او برای ما نامعلوم باقی ماند.
(His name remained unknown to us.)

One interesting aspect of 'nām'alūm' is its flexibility with intensifiers. You can use 'kamelan' (completely) to say 'kamelan nām'alūm' (completely unknown). It also pairs well with time-related adverbs. For instance, 'hanuz nām'alūm' (still unknown) is a staple phrase in investigative journalism. Because it ends in a consonant sound, adding the Ezafe is straightforward: 'nām'alūm-e...'.

آینده‌ای نامعلوم در انتظار ماست.
(An unknown future awaits us.)

Another common pattern is the use of 'nām'alūm' in negative questions. 'Āyā in mozu nām'alūm ast?' (Is this matter unknown?). While simple, the word provides a level of abstraction. You aren't just saying 'we don't know the matter'; you are saying 'the matter possesses the quality of being unknown'. This subtle shift is vital for moving into higher-level Persian proficiency.

You will hear نامعلوم in a variety of real-world scenarios in Iran or Persian-speaking communities. Firstly, in the **News and Media**: Broadcasters use it to describe unidentified suspects, missing planes, or the results of elections that haven't been finalized. It provides a neutral, objective tone that 'nemi-dunim' (we don't know) lacks.

The Doctor's Office
If a patient has a symptom with no clear origin, a doctor might describe the 'ellat' (cause) as 'nām'alūm' until tests are completed.
Academic Lectures
Professors use it when discussing historical gaps or scientific theories that lack empirical evidence.

پلیس به دنبال راننده‌ای با هویت نامعلوم است.
(The police are looking for a driver with an unknown identity.)

In **Daily Life**, if you are planning a trip with friends and someone asks when you are leaving, if the plan is vague, you might jokingly or seriously say, 'Hanooz nām'alūme' (It's still unknown/undecided). This usage is slightly more formal than 'moshakhas nist' (it's not specified) but is very common when expressing that things are up in the air.

سرنوشت این پروژه نامعلوم است.
(The fate of this project is unknown.)

In **Literature and Poetry**, the word takes on a more existential tone. Poets might use 'nām'alūm' to describe the 'Rah-e nām'alūm' (the unknown path) of life or the 'Asrār-e nām'alūm' (unknown secrets) of the universe. Here, it shifts from a lack of data to a philosophical boundary of human knowledge. Whether reading a newspaper or a poem by Sohrab Sepehri, this word will appear as a marker of the limits of what is seen and known.

While نامعلوم is straightforward, English speakers often confuse it with other Persian words that translate to 'unknown' or 'vague'. The most common error is using it interchangeably with مجهول (maj-hool). While both mean unknown, 'maj-hool' is specifically used in mathematics for 'the unknown x' or in grammar for the 'passive voice' (fe'l-e maj-hool). Using 'nām'alūm' in a math problem would sound strange to a native speaker.

Confusion with 'Mobham'
'Mobham' means vague or ambiguous. If a person's speech is hard to understand, it's 'mobham'. If you don't know who the person is, they are 'nām'alūm'. Don't use 'nām'alūm' to describe a blurry photo; use it to describe the unidentified person in the photo.
Confusion with 'Gharib'
'Gharib' means strange or foreign. Learners sometimes use 'nām'alūm' when they mean 'I am in a strange city'. You should say 'shahr-e gharib'. 'Shahr-e nām'alūm' would imply the city itself isn't on any map!

❌ اشتباه: این عکس نامعلوم است.
✅ درست: این عکس تار یا مبهم است.
(The photo isn't 'unknown', it's 'blurry' or 'vague'.)

Another mistake is forgetting the Ezafe. Because 'nām'alūm' ends in a consonant, learners sometimes forget to add the '-e' when it precedes a noun. Always remember: 'magsad-e nām'alūm', not 'magsad nām'alūm'. Also, be careful with the word 'nashenas'. 'Nashenas' is usually for people you haven't met (a stranger), whereas 'nām'alūm' is for an identity that is fundamentally not established.

❌ اشتباه: او یک شخص مجهول است.
✅ درست: او یک شخص نامعلوم یا ناشناس است.
(In common speech, 'nām'alūm' is better for identity than 'maj-hool'.)

Finally, avoid overusing 'nām'alūm' for 'I don't know'. If someone asks 'What time is it?', don't say 'nām'alūm ast'. That sounds like the concept of time has vanished. Just say 'nemi-dānam' or 'moshakhas nist'. Use 'nām'alūm' for things that are officially or naturally un-established.

To truly master Persian, you need to know when to swap نامعلوم for a more specific synonym. The Persian language is rich with nuances of 'not knowing'. Here are the primary alternatives and how they differ:

Maj-hool (مجهول)
Comparison: This is the most direct synonym but is heavily used in technical fields. In math, 'x' is the 'maj-hool'. In grammar, the passive voice is 'maj-hool'. Use this for 'unknowns' that are part of a system or puzzle.
Mobham (مبهم)
Comparison: Means 'vague' or 'ambiguous'. If a plan is 'nām'alūm', it doesn't exist yet. If a plan is 'mobham', the details are there but they are confusing or unclear.
Nashenas (ناشناس)
Comparison: Usually refers to people. An 'unidentified' person is 'nām'alūm', but a 'stranger' you meet on the street is 'nashenas'.

اطلاعات نامعلوم در مقابل اطلاعات مبهم.
(Unknown information vs. Vague information.)

Another alternative is نامشخص (nāmoshakhas). This is perhaps the closest everyday alternative. While 'nām'alūm' sounds a bit more like 'undiscovered', 'nāmoshakhas' sounds more like 'not yet specified'. If you are waiting for a specific date to be set, 'nāmoshakhas' is very common. If you are talking about a mysterious deep-sea fish that no one has named, 'nām'alūm' is perfect.

In formal writing, you might see غیرمشخص (gheyr-e moshakhas), which is the literal 'non-specified'. However, 'nām'alūm' remains the most versatile adjective for the 'unknown'. It carries a certain poetic weight that 'nāmoshakhas' lacks. When you use 'nām'alūm', you are acknowledging the void where knowledge should be, making it a powerful tool for expressive Persian.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

Persian is famous for these 'hybrid' words where a Persian prefix is attached to an Arabic root, creating a seamless part of the modern vocabulary.

발음 가이드

UK /nɑː.mæʔ.luːm/
US /nɑ.mæ.lum/
The stress is typically on the final syllable '-lūm'.
라임이 맞는 단어
معلوم (ma'lūm) مظلوم (mazlūm) محروم (mahrūm) مختوم (makhtūm) مرسوم (marsūm) مسموم (masmūm) محکوم (mahkūm) مفهوم (maf-hūm)
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing 'nā' as a short 'na' like in 'apple'.
  • Skipping the 'm' sound in the middle.
  • Mixing up the 'u' sound with an 'o' sound.
  • Ignoring the glottal stop in formal settings.
  • Putting stress on the first syllable 'nā-'.

난이도

독해 3/5

Easy to recognize because of the 'nā-' prefix and common root.

쓰기 4/5

Requires correct spelling of the 'ayn' in 'ma'lūm'.

말하기 3/5

The pronunciation is rhythmic and relatively easy for English speakers.

듣기 3/5

Clear sounds, but can be confused with 'nāmoshakhas' if heard quickly.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

معلوم نه نام دانستن مشخص

다음에 배울 것

مجهول مبهم ناشناس ابهام کشف

고급

مستور لاینحل مبهمات استفهام کنه

알아야 할 문법

The 'nā-' prefix for negation of adjectives.

پاک (clean) -> ناپاک (unclean)

Ezafe construction with adjectives ending in consonants.

شهرِ نامعلوم (The unknown city)

Predicative use of adjectives with 'ast'.

همه چیز نامعلوم است.

Indefinite 'i' with adjectives.

دلیلی نامعلومی (An unknown reason)

Pluralizing adjectives when they act as nouns.

نامعلوم‌ها را لیست کنید.

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수준별 예문

1

نام او نامعلوم است.

His name is unknown.

Simple subject + adjective + linking verb.

2

وقتِ بازی نامعلوم است.

The time of the game is unknown.

Ezafe connects 'time' and 'game'.

3

این شهر نامعلوم است.

This city is unknown.

Demonstrative 'in' + noun + adjective.

4

علت چیست؟ نامعلوم است.

What is the cause? It is unknown.

Short answer using the adjective.

5

او به جای نامعلوم رفت.

He went to an unknown place.

Preposition 'be' + noun + Ezafe + adjective.

6

آیا این نامعلوم است؟

Is this unknown?

Question particle 'āyā'.

7

نتیجه نامعلوم بود.

The result was unknown.

Past tense of 'to be' (bud).

8

یک شخص نامعلوم اینجا بود.

An unknown person was here.

Indefinite 'yek' + noun + adjective.

1

دلیلِ غیبتِ او نامعلوم است.

The reason for his absence is unknown.

Double Ezafe construction.

2

آن‌ها به مقصدی نامعلوم سفر کردند.

They traveled to an unknown destination.

Past plural verb 'safar kardand'.

3

نویسنده‌ی این کتاب نامعلوم است.

The writer of this book is unknown.

Ezafe connecting agent and object.

4

آینده همیشه نامعلوم است.

The future is always unknown.

Use of the adverb 'hamishe' (always).

5

پلیس به دنبالِ فردی نامعلوم می‌گردد.

The police are looking for an unknown person.

Present progressive 'mi-gardad'.

6

قیمتِ این خانه هنوز نامعلوم است.

The price of this house is still unknown.

Adverb 'hanuz' (still).

7

او با یک هواپیمای نامعلوم آمد.

He came with an unknown airplane.

Preposition 'bā' (with).

8

پاسخِ این سوال برای من نامعلوم است.

The answer to this question is unknown to me.

Prepositional phrase 'barāye man'.

1

به دلایلی نامعلوم، او جلسه را ترک کرد.

For unknown reasons, he left the meeting.

Plural noun 'dalāyel' with Ezafe.

2

هویتِ جسد هنوز نامعلوم باقی مانده است.

The identity of the body still remains unknown.

Present perfect 'bāghi mānde ast'.

3

این بیماری منشأ نامعلومی دارد.

This disease has an unknown origin.

Indefinite 'i' attached to the adjective.

4

او نامه‌ای از فرستنده‌ای نامعلوم دریافت کرد.

He received a letter from an unknown sender.

Preposition 'az' + indefinite noun.

5

سرنوشتِ سربازان در جنگ نامعلوم بود.

The fate of the soldiers in the war was unknown.

Subject is a complex noun phrase.

6

اطلاعاتِ کافی در دست نیست و وضعیت نامعلوم است.

Sufficient information is not available and the situation is unknown.

Compound sentence with 'va' (and).

7

آن‌ها در مکانی نامعلوم مخفی شده‌اند.

They are hidden in an unknown location.

Present perfect passive 'makhfi shode-and'.

8

تاریخِ دقیقِ تولدِ او نامعلوم است.

The exact date of his birth is unknown.

String of Ezafes.

1

به دلیلِ نقصِ فنی نامعلوم، پرواز لغو شد.

Due to an unknown technical fault, the flight was canceled.

Noun phrase as a reason.

2

بسیاری از گونه‌های اعماقِ دریا نامعلوم هستند.

Many deep-sea species are unknown.

Plural subject and verb.

3

پدیده با منبعی نامعلوم در آسمان دیده شد.

A phenomenon with an unknown source was seen in the sky.

Passive voice 'dide shod'.

4

او با فردی که هویتش نامعلوم بود تماس گرفت.

He contacted a person whose identity was unknown.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

5

تاثیراتِ درازمدتِ این دارو نامعلوم است.

The long-term effects of this drug are unknown.

Compound adjective 'derāz-moddat'.

6

او به جرمی نامعلوم دستگیر شد.

He was arrested for an unknown crime.

Passive construction 'dastgir shod'.

7

میزانِ خسارتِ وارده هنوز نامعلوم است.

The amount of damage incurred is still unknown.

Formal term 'khasarāt-e vārede'.

8

این اثرِ هنری متعلق به دوره‌ای نامعلوم است.

This artwork belongs to an unknown period.

Prepositional phrase 'mote'allegh be'.

1

ابعادِ گسترده‌ی این فاجعه هنوز برای همگان نامعلوم است.

The vast dimensions of this catastrophe are still unknown to everyone.

Complex subject with 'ab'ād' (dimensions).

2

نویسنده در این متن به حقایقی نامعلوم اشاره می‌کند.

The author refers to unknown truths in this text.

Verb 'eshāre kardan' requires 'be'.

3

او در میانِ انبوهی از سوالاتِ نامعلوم گرفتار شده بود.

He was trapped amidst a mass of unknown questions.

Past perfect passive 'gereftār shode bud'.

4

فرجامِ این سیاست‌های اقتصادی نامعلوم و نگران‌کننده است.

The outcome of these economic policies is unknown and worrying.

Formal word 'farjām' (outcome/end).

5

دانشمندان در جستجوی پاسخ برای معماهای نامعلومِ جهان هستند.

Scientists are searching for answers to the unknown mysteries of the universe.

Plural Ezafe chain.

6

او همواره از مواجهه با مسائلِ نامعلوم واهمه داشت.

He was always afraid of facing unknown issues.

Gerund 'movājehe' (facing).

7

این سند به دستِ شخصی با نامِ نامعلوم نوشته شده است.

This document was written by a person with an unknown name.

Passive voice with agent.

8

علیرغمِ تحقیقاتِ گسترده، علتِ مرگ نامعلوم باقی ماند.

Despite extensive investigations, the cause of death remained unknown.

Preposition 'alireghm-e' (despite).

1

در پسِ این لبخند، اندوهی نامعلوم نهفته بود.

Behind this smile, an unknown sorrow was hidden.

Literary verb 'nahofte bud' (was hidden).

2

او به افق‌های نامعلومی می‌نگریست که هیچ‌کس ندیده بود.

He was gazing at unknown horizons that no one had seen.

Imperfect tense 'mi-negarist'.

3

ماهیتِ زمان در فیزیکِ کوانتوم همچنان نامعلوم و بحث‌برانگیز است.

The nature of time in quantum physics remains unknown and controversial.

Technical terminology.

4

شاعر در پیِ کشفِ لایه‌های نامعلومِ هستی است.

The poet is seeking to discover the unknown layers of existence.

Abstract noun 'hasti' (existence).

5

این فرضیه بر پایه‌ی متغیرهای نامعلوم بنا شده است.

This hypothesis is built upon unknown variables.

Formal phrase 'bar pāyeye' (based on).

6

او با شجاعت به قلمروی نامعلومِ علم قدم نهاد.

He bravely stepped into the unknown realm of science.

Metaphorical usage.

7

پیچیدگی‌های نامعلومِ مغزِ انسان هنوز در حالِ بررسی است.

The unknown complexities of the human brain are still under investigation.

Continuous passive 'dar hāle barresi'.

8

او در گردابِ حوادثی نامعلوم دست و پا می‌زد.

He was struggling in a whirlpool of unknown events.

Idiomatic verb 'dast o pā zadan'.

자주 쓰는 조합

علت نامعلوم
مقصد نامعلوم
هویت نامعلوم
آینده نامعلوم
زمان نامعلوم
افراد نامعلوم
منبع نامعلوم
بیماری نامعلوم
نتیجه نامعلوم
مکان نامعلوم

자주 쓰는 구문

هنوز نامعلوم است

— Used when something hasn't been decided or discovered yet.

زمان دقیق هنوز نامعلوم است.

به دلایل نامعلوم

— Used to explain that the cause of an action is not known.

به دلایل نامعلوم، او نیامد.

در وضعیت نامعلوم

— Describing a state of limbo or uncertainty.

پروژه در وضعیتی نامعلوم قرار دارد.

هویت نامعلوم داشتن

— To be unidentified.

او هویت نامعلومی دارد.

به مقصدی نامعلوم رفتن

— To leave for an unknown place.

او ناپدید شد و به مقصدی نامعلوم رفت.

باقی ماندن به صورت نامعلوم

— To remain unknown over time.

این راز به صورت نامعلوم باقی ماند.

با منبع نامعلوم

— Coming from an unidentified source.

پول‌هایی با منبع نامعلوم.

سرنوشت نامعلوم

— An uncertain or unknown fate.

سرنوشت نامعلوم پناهندگان.

متغیر نامعلوم

— An unknown variable (less formal than maj-hool).

ما با متغیرهای نامعلومی در این طرح روبرو هستیم.

نام و نشان نامعلوم

— Having no known name or signs of identity.

سربازی با نام و نشان نامعلوم.

자주 혼동되는 단어

نامعلوم vs مجهول

Maj-hool is for math or grammar; nām'alūm is general.

نامعلوم vs نامشخص

Nāmoshakhas means 'not specified'; nām'alūm means 'not known'.

نامعلوم vs مبهم

Mobham means 'vague/unclear'; nām'alūm means 'missing info'.

관용어 및 표현

"در هاله‌ای از ابهام و نامعلومی"

— To be surrounded by a cloud of ambiguity and uncertainty.

مرگ او در هاله‌ای از نامعلومی قرار دارد.

Literary/Journalistic
"تیر در تاریکی و فضای نامعلوم"

— Doing something without knowing the outcome (like a shot in the dark).

این کار مثل تیر انداختن در فضایی نامعلوم است.

Informal
"آینده‌ای که نامعلوم است، نباید نگرانش بود"

— A common philosophical sentiment: don't worry about the unknown future.

بزرگان می‌گویند آینده نامعلوم است، پس در لحظه زندگی کن.

Poetic
"نامعلوم مثلِ فردا"

— As uncertain as tomorrow.

قول‌های او نامعلوم مثل فرداست.

Informal
"در دریای نامعلومی غرق شدن"

— To be lost in a sea of unknowns.

او در دریای نامعلومی از مشکلات غرق شده بود.

Literary
"از نامعلوم ترسیدن"

— To fear the unknown.

بشر همیشه از نامعلوم می‌ترسد.

Philosophical
"در جاده‌ای نامعلوم گام برداشتن"

— To start a journey or project without knowing where it leads.

ما در جاده‌ای نامعلوم گام برمی‌داریم.

Literary
"پایانِ نامعلوم"

— An open or uncertain ending.

این داستان پایانی نامعلوم دارد.

Neutral
"سایه‌ای نامعلوم بر زندگی"

— A sense of looming uncertainty over one's life.

سایه‌ای نامعلوم بر زندگی او افتاده بود.

Literary
"رازهای نامعلوم"

— Secrets that haven't been discovered.

طبیعت رازهای نامعلومی دارد.

Neutral

혼동하기 쉬운

نامعلوم vs مجهول

Both translate as 'unknown'.

Maj-hool is technical (math/passive voice), while nām'alūm is for general identification.

ایکس یک مجهول است (X is an unknown).

نامعلوم vs ناشناس

Both apply to people.

Nashenas is a 'stranger' (you don't know them personally); nām'alūm is 'unidentified' (no one knows who they are).

یک مرد ناشناس در خیابان (A strange man in the street).

نامعلوم vs نامشخص

Very similar meanings.

Nāmoshakhas is used when a choice hasn't been made; nām'alūm is when the fact is undiscovered.

زمان نامشخص (Time not yet set).

نامعلوم vs مبهم

Both deal with uncertainty.

Mobham is about lack of clarity in what is present; nām'alūm is about the absence of the thing itself.

صدای مبهم (A muffled/vague sound).

نامعلوم vs پنهان

Something unknown is often hidden.

Penhān means 'hidden' on purpose; nām'alūm just means 'not known'.

گنج پنهان (Hidden treasure).

문장 패턴

A2

[Noun] + [Ezafe] + نامعلوم + است.

نامِ او نامعلوم است.

A2

به + [Noun] + یِ + نامعلوم.

به جایِ نامعلوم.

B1

به دلایلِ نامعلوم، [Clause].

به دلایلِ نامعلوم، او رفت.

B1

[Noun] + هنوز نامعلوم باقی مانده است.

علت هنوز نامعلوم باقی مانده است.

B2

با + [Noun] + یی + نامعلوم.

با هویتی نامعلوم.

B2

در وضعیتی نامعلوم قرار داشتن.

تیم در وضعیتی نامعلوم قرار دارد.

C1

علیرغم [Noun]، [Subject] نامعلوم است.

علیرغم تلاش‌ها، نتیجه نامعلوم است.

C2

در هاله‌ای از نامعلومی.

همه چیز در هاله‌ای از نامعلومی بود.

어휘 가족

명사

نامعلومی (nām'alūmi) - uncertainty/unknownness
علم (elm) - science/knowledge
معلومات (ma'lumāt) - information/data

동사

دانستن (dānestan) - to know
فهمیدن (fahmidan) - to understand
معلوم کردن (ma'lum kardan) - to make clear/identify

형용사

معلوم (ma'lum) - known
عالم ('ālem) - learned/scholar
علمی (elmi) - scientific

관련

مجهول
نامشخص
مبهم
ناشناس
پنهان
무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

frequency

High in written Persian, Medium-High in spoken Persian.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'nām'alūm' for 'vague' speech. → Use 'mobham'.

    Nām'alūm means the info is missing; mobham means the info is unclear.

  • Forgetting the Ezafe in 'magsad nām'alūm'. → magsad-e nām'alūm.

    Adjectives must be connected to nouns by the Ezafe sound.

  • Using 'nām'alūm' for 'strange'. → Use 'gharib'.

    Gharib is for 'foreign/strange'; nām'alūm is for 'unidentified'.

  • Using it as a verb. → It is an adjective; use with 'ast' or 'shodan'.

    You cannot say 'I nām'alūm'; you say 'It is nām'alūm'.

  • Confusing it with 'maj-hool' in math class. → Use 'maj-hool'.

    Maj-hool is the standard term for mathematical unknowns.

팁

Adjective Placement

Remember to place 'نامعلوم' after the noun and use the Ezafe (-e) to connect them.

The 'Nā-' Prefix

Learning 'نامعلوم' helps you recognize other negative adjectives starting with 'نا-'.

Sound Natural

Use 'هنوز نامعلومه' (hanuz nām'alūme) to sound like a native speaker when something isn't decided.

Formal Tone

In formal writing, use 'نامعلوم' to describe unidentified subjects instead of 'nemi-dānim'.

News Keywords

This is a high-frequency word in news. Listen for it during reports on crime or accidents.

Philosophical Context

Understand that 'نامعلوم' can have a poetic or philosophical feel in Persian literature.

Specific Synonyms

Don't forget 'ناشناس' for people and 'مجهول' for math to be more precise.

The Glottal Stop

In very formal speech, the 'ayn' in 'ma'lūm' is a slight catch in the throat.

Visual Link

Link the word to a 'Mystery Box' to remember its meaning of 'unknown'.

Daily Use

Try describing your future plans as 'نامعلوم' if they aren't set yet.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'No' (nā) + 'Ma' (me) + 'Loom' (loom). 'No knowledge is looming in my mind, so it is nām'alūm.'

시각적 연상

Visualize a detective looking at a file with a giant red '?' on it. That '?' represents the 'nām'alūm' status of the case.

Word Web

Unknown Uncertain Unidentified Secret Hidden Vague Anonymous Undecided

챌린지

Try to find three things in your room whose origin is 'nām'alūm' and say a sentence about them in Persian.

어원

The word is a hybrid construction. The prefix 'nā-' is of Persian (Indo-European) origin, meaning 'not'. The second part 'ma'lūm' is borrowed from Arabic, being the passive participle of the root 'ilm' (to know).

원래 의미: Literally 'not known' or 'not made evident'.

Indo-Iranian (Persian) + Semitic (Arabic loanword).

문화적 맥락

No specific sensitivities; it is a neutral, factual word.

English speakers might use 'I don't know' for everything, but in Persian, using 'nām'alūm' makes you sound more educated and precise.

Used in modern Iranian cinema to describe mysterious plot twists. Appears in the lyrics of many 'Pop' and 'Alternative' Persian songs. Frequent in the newspaper 'Etela'at' for crime reporting.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

News Reporting

  • افراد نامعلوم
  • علت نامعلوم حادثه
  • به مقصدی نامعلوم
  • هویت نامعلوم

Science/Medicine

  • بیماری با منشأ نامعلوم
  • متغیرهای نامعلوم
  • تاثیرات نامعلوم
  • عناصر نامعلوم

Daily Planning

  • زمان نامعلوم
  • هنوز نامعلومه
  • وضعیت نامعلوم
  • برنامه نامعلوم

Mystery/Fiction

  • نویسنده نامعلوم
  • سرزمین‌های نامعلوم
  • راز نامعلوم
  • صدای نامعلوم

History/Archaeology

  • دوره نامعلوم
  • تمدن نامعلوم
  • پادشاه نامعلوم
  • زبان نامعلوم

대화 시작하기

"آیا تا به حال به یک جای نامعلوم سفر کرده‌ای؟"

"فکر می‌کنی چرا علت بعضی اتفاقات همیشه نامعلوم می‌ماند؟"

"اگر یک نامه از فرستنده‌ای نامعلوم دریافت کنی، چه کار می‌کنی؟"

"به نظر تو آینده ایران نامعلوم است یا روشن؟"

"کدام راز در جهان برای تو از همه بیشتر نامعلوم است؟"

일기 주제

درباره زمانی بنویس که در یک وضعیت نامعلوم قرار داشتی و چه احساسی داشتی.

اگر می‌توانستی یک حقیقت نامعلوم درباره جهان را بفهمی، آن چه بود؟

چرا بعضی از مردم از آینده نامعلوم می‌ترسند؟

داستانی کوتاه درباره شخصی بنویس که به مقصدی نامعلوم سفر می‌کند.

تفاوت بین 'نامعلوم' بودن و 'مبهم' بودن در زندگی شخصی چیست؟

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Yes, but 'nashenas' is more common for a 'stranger'. Use 'nām'alūm' if their identity is a mystery to everyone, like an anonymous caller.

It is neutral to formal. It is perfectly fine in a newspaper, but also used in careful daily speech.

You can say 'kamelan nām'alūm' (کاملاً نامعلوم).

The most direct opposite is 'ma'lūm' (معلوم), meaning known or evident.

Generally, 'maj-hool' is used for variables, but 'nām'alūm' might be used in a general sense for an unknown value.

No, Persian adjectives do not have gender agreement.

It is written as one word or with a half-space, but pronounced as one unit: nām'alūm.

It's better to use 'mobham' for 'vague'. 'Nām'alūm' is specifically for things that are not known.

You say 'ellat-e nām'alūm' (علت نامعلوم) or 'dalil-e nām'alūm' (دلیل نامعلوم).

The noun form is 'nām'alūmi' (نامعلومی), meaning 'uncertainty'.

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기

셀프 테스트 200 질문

writing

Write a sentence in Persian saying 'The name of the city is unknown'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Persian: 'He traveled to an unknown place'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Use 'نامعلوم' to describe the 'future'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence about an unknown cause of an accident.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'The writer of this book is unknown'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Create a sentence using 'به دلایل نامعلوم'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Describe an 'unknown identity' in a sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a question: 'Is the time of the meeting unknown?'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'The result is still unknown'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Use 'نامعلوم' with the word 'source' (manba).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence about an 'unknown disease'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'They are in an unknown location'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Use 'نامعلوم' to describe a 'stranger's caller ID'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'The fate of the project is unknown'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence using 'کاملاً نامعلوم'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'An unknown person was here'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence about an 'unknown crime'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'The reason for his absence is unknown'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Use 'نامعلوم' to describe an ancient period.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a short story sentence: 'He walked into the unknown forest.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Unknown name' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Pronounce 'نامعلوم' correctly.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'The reason is unknown' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Unknown future' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'He went to an unknown place'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Ask 'Is the time unknown?'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Still unknown'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Completely unknown'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'For unknown reasons'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Unknown identity'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Unknown destination'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'The result is unknown'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Unknown writer'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Unknown source'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Unknown location'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Unknown disease'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Unknown person'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'The answer is unknown'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Fate is unknown'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'Unknown variables'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen to the word: 'نامعلوم'. What does it mean?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'علت نامعلوم است'. What is unknown?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'هویت نامعلوم'. What is being described?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'آینده نامعلوم است'. What is the speaker talking about?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'به دلایل نامعلوم'. What phrase is this?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'مکان نامعلوم'. What is unknown?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'نویسنده نامعلوم'. Who is unknown?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'نتیجه هنوز نامعلوم است'. Is the result known?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'مقصد نامعلوم'. Where are they going?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'بیماری نامعلوم'. What kind of illness is it?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'زمان نامعلوم'. What is unknown?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'منبع نامعلوم'. Where did the info come from?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'سرنوشت نامعلوم'. What is uncertain?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'وضعیت نامعلوم'. How is the situation?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen: 'نام نامعلوم'. What is missing?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

/ 200 correct

Perfect score!

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