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B2 adjective 8분 분량

سرمایه‌ای

sarmayeyi
예시 سرمایه‌ای 30초 만에
설명 سرمایه‌ای in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'sarmāye'i' often, but it's good to know it comes from 'sarmāye', which means 'money for business'. Think of it as a special way to say 'related to big money' or 'related to tools for work'. If you have a toy shop, the toys you sell are your 'sarmāye'. The word 'sarmāye'i' just describes things that belong to that big pile of money or tools. For now, just remember that 'sarmāye' is 'capital' and adding 'i' makes it an adjective. You might see it in simple news headlines about money. It is a bit like saying 'money-ish' but in a very serious, adult way. In Persian, we often add 'i' to the end of words to make them describe things, like 'Irāni' (from Iran). So 'sarmāye'i' is just 'from capital'. At this stage, focus on the noun 'sarmāye' first, then notice how 'sarmāye'i' appears in phrases like 'bāzār-e sarmāye' (capital market). Don't worry about using it in complex sentences yet. Just try to recognize it when you see it in a bank or on a financial website. It is a formal word, so you won't hear children using it on the playground!
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At the A2 level, you are starting to talk about your job and your daily life in more detail. You might need 'sarmāye'i' to describe certain types of purchases. For example, if you buy a computer for your work, it is a 'kālā-ye sarmāye'i' (capital good) because it helps you earn money. This is different from buying a sandwich, which you just eat. You can start using this word in simple sentences about business. 'In yek kālā-ye sarmāye'i ast' (This is a capital good). You will also hear it in the news when they talk about the 'Bāzār-e Sarmāye' (the Stock Market). It is helpful to understand that this word is formal. If you are talking to a friend about money, you might say 'pool' (money), but if you are talking about an investment, 'sarmāye'i' is better. Practice identifying the 'ye' at the end of the word, which tells you it's an adjective. Also, notice how it follows the noun it describes. This is a great word to help you move from basic Persian to more 'grown-up' or professional Persian. Try to use it when you talk about your long-term plans or business assets.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'sarmāye'i' in discussions about the economy, investments, and business. You can distinguish it from 'māli' (financial) and 'eqtesādi' (economic). You might use it to describe 'sūd-e sarmāye'i' (capital gains) when talking about selling a house or stocks. This level requires you to understand the Ezafe construction well, as 'sarmāye'i' almost always appears in phrases like 'manābe-e sarmāye'i' (capital resources). You should be able to read short news articles about the economy and recognize how this word categorizes different types of assets. For instance, you might explain that a company needs 'hazīne-hā-ye sarmāye'i' (capital expenditures) to grow. You are also beginning to see the word in more abstract contexts, like 'sarmāye-ye ensāni' (human capital), though the adjective form 'sarmāye'i' is most common in technical finance. When writing, try to use it to add precision to your descriptions of business activities. Instead of just saying 'money problems', you could say 'moshkelāt-e sarmāye'i' if the problem is specifically about lack of investment capital. This shows a higher level of vocabulary control and an understanding of formal registers.
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At the B2 level, 'sarmāye'i' is a core part of your vocabulary for professional and academic contexts. You should use it naturally when discussing market structures, investment strategies, and corporate finance. You understand that 'sarmāye'i' refers specifically to the 'capital' side of the balance sheet. You can participate in a debate about 'kālā-hā-ye sarmāye'i' versus 'kālā-hā-ye masrafi' (consumer goods) and how they affect national inflation. Your grasp of the word includes its collocations: 'bāzār-e sarmāye' (capital market), 'dārāyi-ye sarmāye'i' (capital asset), and 'tashkil-e sarmāye' (capital formation). You are also aware of the subtle difference between this and 'sarmāyedāri' (capitalism). At this level, you can use the word to describe complex financial instruments or government policies. For example, 'Siyāsat-hā-ye sarmāye'i-ye dowlat' (The government's capital policies). You should be able to read and summarize financial reports from the Tehran Stock Exchange that use this word extensively. Your pronunciation should be clear, ensuring the 'ye' suffix is distinct from the noun root. You are now moving beyond just 'knowing' the word to 'mastering' its nuances in professional Persian.
At the C1 level, you use 'sarmāye'i' with the precision of a native professional. You understand its role in complex grammatical structures and can use it in high-level academic writing or professional consulting. You might discuss 'sakhtār-e sarmāye'i' (capital structure) of a firm, analyzing the ratio of debt to equity. You are also familiar with the word's appearance in legal and regulatory frameworks, such as 'qavānin-e bāzār-e sarmāye' (capital market laws). Your usage extends to metaphorical but still formal contexts, such as 'andookhte-ye sarmāye'i' (capital reserves) of knowledge or culture in a sociological discussion. You can distinguish between 'sarmāye'i' as a relational adjective and its function in compound terms. You are capable of explaining the 'Capital Asset Pricing Model' entirely in Persian, using 'sarmāye'i' correctly throughout. At this level, you also recognize the word in classical-style modern prose where it might be used to describe the 'wealth-related' aspects of a historical era. You have a deep understanding of the word's etymology from 'sar' (head) and 'māye' (substance/matter), and how that translates into the modern economic concept of 'head-substance' or 'principal'.
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At the C2 level, 'sarmāye'i' is a tool you manipulate with stylistic flair and absolute precision. You can use it in the most demanding contexts, such as drafting financial legislation, writing economic theory, or delivering keynote speeches on global finance. You understand the historical evolution of the term within the Persian language, from its roots in Middle Persian to its modern technical application. You can use it to draw fine distinctions between different schools of economic thought in Persian, such as the difference between 'sarmāye'i' in a Marxist critique versus a Neoclassical framework. Your mastery allows you to use the word in creative ways, perhaps in a high-level editorial where you describe a nation's 'zehniyat-e sarmāye'i' (capital mindset). You are also aware of how the word interacts with other high-level Persian vocabulary, such as 'estebat' (stability) or 'enbasāt' (expansion). You can effortlessly translate complex English financial documents into Persian, choosing 'sarmāye'i' over other terms to maintain the exact technical nuance of the original. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item; it is a concept that you can deconstruct and apply across various disciplines, from pure economics to political philosophy and beyond.
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예시

سرمایه‌ای 30초 만에

  • An adjective meaning 'capital-related' or 'financial' in an investment context.
  • Derived from 'sarmāye' (capital) with the '-i' relational suffix.
  • Commonly used in phrases like 'capital goods' or 'capital market'.
  • Essential for professional, economic, and business discussions in Persian.

The Persian word سرمایه‌ای (sarmāye'i) is an essential adjective in the realms of economics, finance, and business management. At its core, it describes anything that pertains to capital (sarmāye). While in English we might use terms like 'capital-related' or 'financial' depending on the context, the Persian term specifically points toward assets or activities that serve as the foundation for generating more wealth or supporting a business enterprise. It is derived from the noun 'sarmāye' meaning 'capital' or 'stock,' combined with the 'ye' suffix that transforms nouns into adjectives of relation. In modern Iran, this word is ubiquitous in news broadcasts, financial reports, and academic papers discussing the national economy. It distinguishes between things meant for immediate consumption and things meant for long-term investment. For instance, a tractor for a farmer is a کالای سرمایه‌ای (capital good) because it helps produce more crops, whereas a loaf of bread is a consumer good. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone looking to navigate the professional or academic landscape in the Persian-speaking world, as it appears in discussions ranging from the stock market (Bourse) to personal retirement planning.

Economic Classification
It categorizes assets based on their utility in production. If an object is used to create further value, it is described as sarmāye'i.
Financial Context
In banking, it refers to the nature of funds or accounts that are tied to the capital structure of an organization or individual.
Investment Terminology
It is used to describe gains or losses resulting from the change in value of an asset over time, known as 'sud-e sarmāye'i'.

دولت برای واردات ماشین‌آلات سرمایه‌ای تسهیلات ویژه‌ای در نظر گرفته است.

The government has considered special facilities for the import of capital machinery.

سود سرمایه‌ای حاصل از فروش ملک مشمول مالیات می‌شود.

Capital gains from the sale of property are subject to tax.

ما به دنبال جذب منابع سرمایه‌ای برای پروژه جدید هستیم.

We are looking to attract capital resources for the new project.

کالاهای سرمایه‌ای نقش مهمی در رشد اقتصادی دارند.

Capital goods play an important role in economic growth.

این یک تصمیم سرمایه‌ای بزرگ برای شرکت ما بود.

This was a major capital decision for our company.

Using سرمایه‌ای (sarmāye'i) correctly requires an understanding of its placement within a sentence, typically following a noun as part of an Ezafe construction. In Persian grammar, adjectives follow the nouns they modify, linked by a short 'e' sound. For example, in the phrase 'Kālā-ye sarmāye'i' (Capital good), the 'e' after 'kālā' connects it to our target word. This word is rarely used as a standalone predicate unless in technical economic definitions. Most frequently, you will find it paired with nouns like 'bāzār' (market), 'dārāyi' (asset), 'hazīne' (cost), or 'sūd' (profit). In a formal sentence, it might look like this: 'Bāzār-e sarmāye'i-ye Irān dar hāl-e goostaresh ast' (Iran's capital market is expanding). Note that because it ends in a 'ye' sound (pronounced 'ee'), if another adjective follows it, the Ezafe might be represented by a small 'hamza' or another 'ye' depending on the orthographic style, though in modern typing, it is often left implicit. It is also important to distinguish between 'sarmāye'i' and 'māli'. While 'māli' is a broad term for 'financial' (like a financial year), 'sarmāye'i' specifically invokes the concept of invested capital. If you are discussing the purchase of a factory, 'sarmāye'i' is the appropriate descriptor for the expenditure. If you are discussing the monthly budget for electricity, 'māli' or 'jāri' (current) would be more fitting. Mastering this distinction elevates your Persian from basic communication to professional fluency.

Ezafe Connection
Always remember that the noun comes first. 'Asset capital' is 'Dārāyi-ye sarmāye'i'.
Pluralization
As an adjective, it does not change for plural nouns. 'Kālā-hā-ye sarmāye'i' (Capital goods).
Formal vs. Informal
This word is predominantly formal. In casual speech, people might just use 'māli' or talk about 'pool' (money) directly.

تحلیلگران به بررسی ساختار سرمایه‌ای بانک پرداختند.

Analysts proceeded to examine the capital structure of the bank.

افزایش هزینه‌های سرمایه‌ای می‌تواند سودآوری کوتاه مدت را کاهش دهد.

Increasing capital expenditures can reduce short-term profitability.

او در پروژه‌های سرمایه‌ای متعددی مشارکت دارد.

He is involved in numerous capital projects.

If you tune into the Iranian news channel (IRINN) or read business newspapers like 'Donya-e-Eqtesad', you will hear سرمایه‌ای (sarmāye'i) daily. It is a staple of the 'Bazaar-e Sarmāye' (Capital Market) segment, which reports on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Beyond the news, you will encounter it in legal documents, especially those related to company registration where the 'Sarmāye-ye Sabti' (Registered Capital) is discussed, and the nature of assets is defined as either current or capital. In university lecture halls, specifically in the faculties of Economics and Management, professors use it to explain the 'Capital Asset Pricing Model' (CAPM), which in Persian is often discussed using this adjective. Interestingly, it has also entered the lexicon of personal finance. With high inflation in the region, many Iranians discuss whether buying a car or gold is a 'consumer act' or a 'sarmāye'i act' (an investment move). Thus, the word bridges the gap between high-level macroeconomic theory and the practical, everyday survival strategies of ordinary citizens. It is also common in real estate, where agents might describe a property as having 'arzesh-e sarmāye'i-ye bālā' (high investment/capital value). Listening for this word will help you identify when a conversation has shifted from spending money to growing money. It is the language of the 'investor class' but also the 'aspiring class'.

News Media
Financial anchors use it to describe market trends and asset classes.
Academic Settings
Used in textbooks to define the 'factors of production' where capital is a primary pillar.

شاخص کل بورس سرمایه‌ای امروز رشد مثبتی داشت.

The overall capital market index had positive growth today.

خرید مسکن در این منطقه یک اقدام سرمایه‌ای هوشمندانه است.

Buying housing in this area is a smart capital move.

One of the most frequent errors learners make is confusing سرمایه‌ای (sarmāye'i) with سرمایه‌دار (sarmāyedār). While both share the root 'sarmāye', their meanings are distinct. 'Sarmāye'i' is an adjective describing things (capital-related), whereas 'Sarmāyedār' is a noun or adjective describing people (capitalist or wealthy person). You wouldn't call a rich person 'fard-e sarmāye'i'; you would call them 'fard-e sarmāyedār'. Conversely, you wouldn't call a stock market 'bāzār-e sarmāyedār' unless you were trying to say it's a market *of* rich people, which is not the standard term. Another common slip-up is using 'sarmāye'i' when 'māli' (financial) is more appropriate. 'Māli' is a broader umbrella. All 'sarmāye'i' matters are 'māli', but not all 'māli' matters are 'sarmāye'i'. For example, a 'financial report' is 'gozāresh-e māli', but the 'capital portion' of that report is the 'bakhsh-e sarmāye'i'. Learners also sometimes forget the Ezafe, saying 'kālā sarmāye'i' instead of 'kālā-ye sarmāye'i'. Because the word ends in a vowel sound, the 'ye' of the Ezafe is crucial for clarity. Finally, avoid using it to mean 'important' in a general sense. While capital is important, Persian uses 'mohem' or 'asāsi' for general importance. Use 'sarmāye'i' only when there is a literal or strong metaphorical connection to economic capital.

Sarmāye'i vs. Sarmāyedār
Sarmāye'i = Capital-related (things). Sarmāyedār = Capitalist (people).
Sarmāye'i vs. Māli
Sarmāye'i is specific to assets/capital. Māli is general finance/money.

اشتباه: او یک مرد سرمایه‌ای است. (غلط)

Mistake: He is a capital-related man. (Wrong)

درست: او یک مرد سرمایه‌دار است. (صحیح)

Correct: He is a wealthy/capitalist man.

To truly master سرمایه‌ای (sarmāye'i), you should know its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. The most common alternative is مالی (māli), which we've discussed as being more general. Another related word is اقتصادی (eqtesādi), meaning 'economic'. While a 'sarmāye'i' decision is about capital allocation, an 'eqtesādi' decision might be about overall cost-effectiveness or national policy. For instance, 'towji-e eqtesādi' means 'economic justification' (is it worth it?), while 'ta'min-e sarmāye'i' means 'capital provisioning' (where is the money coming from?). In more technical accounting, you might see دارایی‌محور (dārāyi-mehvar), meaning 'asset-based'. If you are talking about commercial or trade-related capital, بازرگانی (bāzargāni) or تجاری (tejāri) might be used, though these focus on the act of buying and selling rather than the underlying capital structure. There is also بنیادی (bonyādi), meaning 'fundamental,' often used in the stock market to describe 'fundamental analysis' (tahlil-e bonyādi), which looks at the 'sarmāye'i' health of a company. Understanding these overlaps helps you choose the most precise word for your context.

Māli vs. Sarmāye'i
Māli (Financial) is the broad category; Sarmāye'i (Capital-related) is the specific sub-type focused on long-term assets.
Eqtesādi vs. Sarmāye'i
Eqtesādi (Economic) refers to the system or efficiency; Sarmāye'i refers to the wealth/capital itself.
Tejāri vs. Sarmāye'i
Tejāri (Commercial) is about trade/sales; Sarmāye'i is about investment/infrastructure.

این پروژه توجیه اقتصادی دارد اما با کمبود منابع سرمایه‌ای روبروست.

This project has economic justification but faces a shortage of capital resources.
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수준별 예문

1

این پول سرمایه‌ای است.

This money is capital-related.

Simple subject + adjective + verb 'to be'.

2

بازار سرمایه‌ای کجاست؟

Where is the capital market?

Interrogative sentence using the adjective in a phrase.

3

او کتاب سرمایه‌ای دارد.

He has a book about capital.

Direct object with an adjective.

4

ماشین سرمایه‌ای بزرگ است.

The capital machine is big.

Adjective modifying the noun 'machine'.

5

آن‌ها منابع سرمایه‌ای دارند.

They have capital resources.

Plural noun with an adjective.

6

سود سرمایه‌ای خوب است.

Capital profit is good.

Subject-adjective-predicate structure.

7

ما به دید سرمایه‌ای نیاز داریم.

We need a capital perspective.

Using the adjective with the preposition 'be'.

8

این یک طرح سرمایه‌ای است.

This is a capital plan.

Indefinite noun with an adjective.

1

کالاهای سرمایه‌ای گران هستند.

Capital goods are expensive.

Plural noun + adjective + plural verb.

2

من در بازار سرمایه‌ای کار می‌کنم.

I work in the capital market.

Prepositional phrase with an adjective.

3

شرکت ما به بودجه سرمایه‌ای نیاز دارد.

Our company needs a capital budget.

Compound noun phrase with Ezafe.

4

آیا این یک هزینه سرمایه‌ای است؟

Is this a capital expenditure?

Question form with indefinite 'yek'.

5

او درباره مسائل سرمایه‌ای صحبت کرد.

He talked about capital issues.

Past tense verb with a prepositional object.

6

ما باید دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای خود را بفروشیم.

We must sell our capital assets.

Modal verb 'bāyad' + compound object.

7

سرمایه‌گذاری در مسکن یک کار سرمایه‌ای است.

Investing in housing is a capital act.

Gerund subject with a predicate adjective phrase.

8

این بانک خدمات سرمایه‌ای ارائه می‌دهد.

This bank provides capital services.

Present tense verb with a complex object.

1

سود سرمایه‌ای حاصل از بورس معاف از مالیات است.

Capital gains from the stock market are tax-exempt.

Complex subject with multiple modifiers.

2

دولت بر واردات کالاهای سرمایه‌ای نظارت می‌کند.

The government supervises the import of capital goods.

Verb with a prepositional object containing an Ezafe chain.

3

ساختار سرمایه‌ای این شرکت بسیار پیچیده است.

The capital structure of this company is very complex.

Abstract noun modified by 'sarmāye'i'.

4

او تخصص زیادی در تحلیل‌های سرمایه‌ای دارد.

He has a lot of expertise in capital analyses.

Noun 'tahlil' (analysis) in plural form modified by the adjective.

5

ما باید به دنبال منابع سرمایه‌ای جدید باشیم.

We must look for new capital resources.

Subjunctive mood after 'bāyad' with an adjective.

6

این یک تصمیم سرمایه‌ای بلندمدت برای خانواده است.

This is a long-term capital decision for the family.

Multiple adjectives modifying a single noun.

7

ارزش سرمایه‌ای این ملک در حال افزایش است.

The capital value of this property is increasing.

Present progressive tense with a complex subject.

8

بسیاری از شرکت‌ها با کمبود نقدینگی سرمایه‌ای مواجه هستند.

Many companies are facing a shortage of capital liquidity.

Noun phrase with 'mivājeh boodan' (to face).

1

بازار سرمایه‌ای ایران در سال‌های اخیر نوسانات زیادی داشته است.

Iran's capital market has had many fluctuations in recent years.

Present perfect tense with a specific temporal phrase.

2

تخصیص بهینه منابع سرمایه‌ای از اهداف اصلی مدیریت است.

Optimal allocation of capital resources is among the main goals of management.

Formal subject using a gerund (takhsis).

3

هزینه‌های سرمایه‌ای باید از هزینه‌های جاری تفکیک شوند.

Capital expenditures must be separated from current expenditures.

Passive voice with a modal verb.

4

این پروژه نیازمند سرمایه‌گذاری سنگین در دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای است.

This project requires heavy investment in capital assets.

Adjective 'niyāzmand' (requiring) followed by a prepositional phrase.

5

سود سرمایه‌ای می‌تواند منبع مهمی برای درآمد دولت باشد.

Capital gains can be an important source for government income.

Modal 'tavānestan' with an adjective-noun phrase.

6

تحلیلگران به بررسی نسبت‌های سرمایه‌ای بانک پرداختند.

Analysts proceeded to examine the bank's capital ratios.

Compound verb 'pardākhtan be' (to proceed to/to engage in).

7

قوانین جدیدی برای تنظیم بازار سرمایه‌ای تصویب شد.

New laws were passed for regulating the capital market.

Passive voice with a purpose clause.

8

جذب سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی در بخش‌های سرمایه‌ای اولویت دارد.

Attracting foreign investment in capital sectors has priority.

Noun 'olaviyat' (priority) used as a predicate.

1

مدل قیمت‌گذاری دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای ابزاری کلیدی در مدیریت ریسک است.

The Capital Asset Pricing Model is a key tool in risk management.

Highly technical terminology and complex Ezafe chain.

2

تراکم سرمایه‌ای در بخش صنعت منجر به افزایش بهره‌وری شده است.

Capital intensity in the industrial sector has led to increased productivity.

Abstract noun 'tarākom' (density/intensity) modified by the adjective.

3

بازتوزیع منافع سرمایه‌ای می‌تواند شکاف طبقاتی را کاهش دهد.

Redistribution of capital benefits can reduce the class gap.

Socio-economic context with complex verbal nouns.

4

تعهدات سرمایه‌ای شرکت در صورت‌های مالی افشا شده است.

The company's capital commitments have been disclosed in the financial statements.

Accounting terminology (soorat-hā-ye māli) with passive voice.

5

نوسانات ارزی بر ارزش جایگزینی کالاهای سرمایه‌ای تأثیر می‌گذارد.

Currency fluctuations affect the replacement value of capital goods.

Compound subject and technical term 'arzesh-e jāygozīni'.

6

رویکرد سرمایه‌ای به آموزش، دانش‌آموزان را به عنوان دارایی می‌بیند.

A capital approach to education sees students as assets.

Metaphorical application of the economic term.

7

کفایت سرمایه‌ای یکی از شاخص‌های حیاتی برای پایداری بانک‌هاست.

Capital adequacy is one of the vital indices for the stability of banks.

Technical banking term 'kefāyat-e sarmāye'i'.

8

سرمایه‌گذاری در تحقیق و توسعه یک ماهیت سرمایه‌ای دارد.

Investment in research and development has a capital nature.

Using 'māhiyat' (nature) to define the adjective's scope.

1

پارادایم‌های نوین اقتصادی، مرز بین هزینه‌های جاری و سرمایه‌ای را بازتعریف کرده‌اند.

Modern economic paradigms have redefined the boundary between current and capital expenditures.

Academic register with 'paradigm' and 'bā-ta'rif' (redefine).

2

انباشت سرمایه‌ای در جوامع توسعه‌یافته بر پایه نوآوری‌های تکنولوژیک استوار است.

Capital accumulation in developed societies is built upon technological innovations.

Complex sentence structure with 'ostovār boodan bar' (to be based on).

3

تحلیل دیالکتیکی روابط سرمایه‌ای، تضادهای درونی سیستم را آشکار می‌سازد.

The dialectical analysis of capital relations reveals the internal contradictions of the system.

Philosophical/Political register with technical vocabulary.

4

گذار از اقتصاد منبع‌محور به اقتصاد سرمایه‌ای نیازمند اصلاحات نهادی عمیق است.

The transition from a resource-based economy to a capital economy requires deep institutional reforms.

Policy-oriented language with 'gozār' (transition).

5

پیچیدگی ابزارهای سرمایه‌ای در بازارهای جهانی، نظارت دقیق‌تری را می‌طلبد.

The complexity of capital instruments in global markets demands more precise supervision.

Formal verb 'talabad' (demands/requires).

6

منطق سرمایه‌ای حاکم بر فضای شهری، تعاملات اجتماعی را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است.

The capital logic governing urban space has influenced social interactions.

Sociological application with 'manteq' (logic).

7

استهلاک دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای در محاسبه تولید ناخالص داخلی نقش کلیدی دارد.

Depreciation of capital assets plays a key role in calculating Gross Domestic Product.

Macroeconomic terminology (estohlāk, GDP).

8

توازن میان بدهی و حقوق صاحبان سهام، جوهره ساختار سرمایه‌ای بهینه است.

The balance between debt and equity is the essence of an optimal capital structure.

Financial theory expressed with high-level Persian (jowhare).

자주 쓰는 조합

بازار سرمایه‌ای
کالای سرمایه‌ای
سود سرمایه‌ای
هزینه سرمایه‌ای
دارایی سرمایه‌ای
ساختار سرمایه‌ای
منابع سرمایه‌ای
طرح سرمایه‌ای
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